PreAssignment #9 Joints (also called “Articulations”) and Muscle Tissue Name: _______________________________ Section #: _______ 1) Joints are either classified by ROM (Range of Motion) or tissue type (fibrous, cartilaginous, bony, or synovial). Please define the following terms that are used to describe joints: a. synarthrotic b. amphiarthrotic c. diarthrotic d. gomphosis e. synchondrosis f. syndesmosis g. symphysis h. synovial

2) For each of the following joints, first describe their ROM (choose between synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, or diarthrotic) and then classify them by Subgroup (suture, gomphosis, syndesmosis, synchondrosis, symphysis, or synovial).

Joint ROM Subgroup Distal tibiofibular joint (above ankle) Joint where parietal bones touch Joint where pubic bones touch Epiphyseal plates of growing child Joint between mandible and teeth Humeroulnar joint (elbow) Joint where frontal and parietal bones touch Joint between first rib and manubrium

3) Please label the parts of the generic synovial joint below. Use the terms: synovial membrane, ligament, periosteum, articular cartilage, synovial fluid, fibrous capsule, and joint capsule. Now, to see if you really understand joints, can you add labels for the diaphyseal cavity and epiphyseal line?

4) Synovial joints (or diarthroses) are usually classified as plane, hinge, saddle, ball-and-socket, or pivot joints. Note: I don’t list condyloid as a subgroup since it is really just a modified form of the hinges! For each of the following joints, please identify the classification to which they belong: a. humeroradial b. scapulohumeral c. interphalangeal d. atloaxis e. carpometacarpal #1 f. intercarpals g. proximal radioulnar h. sacroiliac 5) Movements at a joint are referred to as actions. For each of the following statements, tell me the proper action that is being used: a. if I curl a barbell, the bent elbow is? b. if I rotate my forearm so the palm faces up, the hand is? c. if I open my mouth, the mandible is? d. if I turn the sole of my foot outwards, the foot is?

e. if I hold a pen between my thumb and second finger, the thumb is? f. if I move my arms and legs away from my torso in a jumping jack, my arms and legs are? g. if I draw a circle on the board, my shoulder is? h. if a ballerina stands on her toes, the ankle is? 6) For each of the following axial joints, tell me if they flex/extend, abduct/adduct, rotate, circumduct, elevate/depress, pronate/supinate, protract/retract, have slight movement (called “gliding”), or have no movement. Note: some joints have multiple actions! a. sacroiliac? b. atloaxis? c. intervertebral facets? d. temporomandibular? e. teeth in the mandible? f. intracoccyxgeal? g. occipitoatlas? h. intervertebral discs? 7) For each of the following appendicular joints, tell me if they flex/extend, rotate, circumduct, elevate/depress, pronate/supinate, protract/retract, have slight movement (called “gliding”), or have no movement. Note: some joints have multiple actions! a. pubic symphysis? b. proximal tibiofibular? c. humeroulnar? d. carpometacarpal #1? e. sternoclavicular? f. interphalangeal? g. coxofemural? h. radiocarpal?

8) Describe six major functions that skeletal muscle has for your body: a. b. c. d. e. f. 9) Please label this dissected skeletal muscle with the following eight terms: blood vessels, endomysium, tendon, bone, perimysium, muscle fiber, epimysium, and fascicle:

10) In your next pre-assignment, you will learn more about muscle physiology and how muscles actually contract. To prepare for that, please define the following terms: a. sarcolemma b. striations c. myofibrils d. action potentials e. t-tubules f. sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) g. sarcomeres h. troponin-tropomyosin complex