Pre-Civil WarCivil WarReconstruction

Goal 3

Slave Codes

• slaves had few legal rights • Could not testify against whites • Could not enter in contracts• Could not own property• Could not strike a white person• Could not travel without a permit• Could not assemble without white supervision• Could not be taught to read or write• Could not legally marry• Punishment = whipping, branding, imprisonment,

death

Compromise of 1850 =Clay’s Compromise

• CA = Free state• Utah Territory &New Mexico Territory =

Popular Sovereignty (people get to vote about slavery)

• Fugitive Slave Act (more strict)—heavy penalties (fines, prison) for helping runaway slaves

• Slave trade banned in DC – could not buy or sell slaves in the capital city

Underground Railroadsecret network that helped runaway slaves

get to freedom in Canada

Harriet Tubman – most famous conductor on the Underground RR

Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854

• Formerly Missouri Compromise territory• Supposed to be free• Divide Territory into 2 states (KS & NE)• Popular Sovereignty—people get to vote

on whether or not slavery would be allowed

• Repealed Missouri Compromise

Bleeding Kansasradical pro and anti slavery supporters rushed into Kansas

to vote—led to violence & murder

John BrownRadical, militant abolitionist

John Brown

• Pottawatomie Creek Massacre – Brown & his followers murdered proslavery supporters (chopped off their hands)

• Raid at Harpers Ferry – (VA) plans to steal weapons from the US arsenal & give them to slaves to lead a rebellion – Captured by Robert E. Lee & Marines– Tried & hanged for treason

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

• Campaigning for the Illinois Senate seat• Lincoln (Republican) v. Douglas (Democrat)

• Lincoln – more anti-slavery (b/c against extension of slavery)

• Douglas – more pro-slavery b/c of popular sovereignty

• Douglas won

Popular Sovereignty

• Residents of a territory or state voted on whether or not to allow slavery

Stephen Douglas—Popular Sovereignty

Sumner-Brooks Incident

• Preston Brooks (pro-slavery)• Charles Sumner (anti-slavery)• Brooks attacked Sumner in the Senate

Chamber b/c of his criticism of the South, slavery and his uncle

Brooks – Sumner Incident

Dred Scott v. Sanford

Dred Scott v. Sanford

• Scott sued for his freedom b/c his owner had taken him to live in a free state

• The Supreme Court ruled that he was property and he had no legal right to bring the case (Roger Taney—Chief Justice)

• Decision will allow slavery to spread into free areas where residents voted against slavery

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Uncle Tom’s Cabin• Novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe• Published in 1852• Over 300,000 sold in US • Increased the abolitionist movement• Outraged the South

Election of 1860—Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln

• US President – Election of 1860• 1861-1865• Republican• Goal = to save the Union • “a house divided cannot stand”

Jefferson Davis

Confederate President

Jefferson Davis•Confederate President• “the time for compromise has passed”

•Former Sec. of War for US

Robert E. LeeConfederate General—Army of Virginia

Robert E. Lee

• Confederate General • Army of Northern Virginia • Former West Point Grad / Mexican War

leader• Excellent / beloved general• Home = Arlington

Stonewall JacksonConfederate General

Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson

• Confederate General• Excellent leader • Killed by friendly fire after

the Battle of Chancellorsville

Ulysses GrantCommander of US Forces

Ulysses Grant• Union General / Commander

of all Union Forces• West Point Graduate • Mexican War Veteran

George McClellanUnion General- Army of the Potomac

George McClellan• Union General • Army of the Potomac

(Washington DC)• Beloved by Union troops • Fired by Lincoln b/c he didn’t

follow through & capture Richmond

William T. ShermanUnion General – MS occupation

William Tecumseh Sherman

• Union General• Occupied Mississippi • Burned the South – “March to the

Sea” • “Sherman’s bow ties” – twisted RR

tracks • Wage Total War on the South – attack

civilians & military

David Farragut • Union – Navy Admiral • Captured port of New Orleans • Secured the Mississippi River

for the Union • “Damn the torpedoes, full

speed ahead!”

John Wilkes Booth Lincoln’s Assassin

John Wilkes Booth• Famous actor• Killed President Lincoln • Confederate sympathizer

Fort Sumter, SC1st shots of the Civil War

Appomattox Courthouse, VA

Bull Run -- Manassas

Bull Run / Manassas •1st battle of Civil War

• July 21, 1861•Considered a Confederate

victory b/c the Union retreated•Neither side thought it would

be a serious battle •Union picnickers even came to

watch (Bad Idea!)•Some actually thought the war

was over after this battle

Bull Run -- Manassas• Leaders – Union Gen. Irvin McDowell

Confederate Gen. Johnston & Gen. Beauregard

• Where Thomas Jackson got his nickname “Stonewall” Jackson

Shiloh

• Leaders – US Grant (Union)• March 1862• Tennessee – church• CSA troops accidentally found Union

encampment • Draw / tie –some see it as a CSA victory

b/c of the surprise attack• Taught both sides to be prepared

Antietam /Battle of Sharpsburg

•Sept. 17, 1862•Bloodiest single day of battle in American History

•23,000 casualties•Union victory•George MCClellan (Union)•Robert E. Lee (Confederate)

Chancellorsville

• Leader – Stonewall Jackson (CSA)• May • Virginia• Confederate victory• After the battle Stonewall Jackson was

accidentally shot by friendly fire / arm amputated

• Later died from pneumonia

Vicksburg

• Leader – US Grant• Vicksburg, Mississippi • July 1863• 6 week siege of the city • Helps the Union control the Mississippi • Same time that Gettysburg is lost by the

CSA

Gettysburg

Gettysburg

• General Robert E Lee v. General Meade• The Turning Point of the Civil War• July 1863• Last & only time the Confederate troops

invade the North• MAJOR Confederate defeat• Over 50,000 casualties

Minnie Ball

Long Rangel Rifle

CSS Hunley

Iron Clads

USS Monitor

Clara Barton• Union Nurse• “Angel of the

Battlefield”• Founded the

American Red Cross