Section I

Time—55 minutes

70 Questions

Directions: Each of the incomplete statements or questions below is followed by five answer

choices. Choose the answer that is best.

1. Which of the following belief systems owned monasteries, spread across trade routes, and

appealed to a variety of social classes?

A. Christianity and Buddhism.

B. Buddhism and Islam.

C. Islam and Hinduism.

D. Islam and Judaism.

E. Judaism and Christianity.

2. Which of the following is true of both the Han Empire and the Roman Empire?

A. Both empires had an established religion in their later years.

B. Both developed advanced navigational technology.

C. Both paid tribute to nomadic tribes on their frontier.

D. Both built societies without the use of slave labor.

E. Both had long-established central governments followed by a period of ineffective

rulers.

3. The Hindu social order included

A. matrilineal descent.

B. social structures based on Harappan traditions.

C. divisions based upon ethnicity.

D. an emphasis on monastic life.

E. social mobility.

4. Which of the following was introduced after the other four?

A. The Quran.

B. The Vedas.

C. The Gospels of the New Testament.

D. The Analects of Confucius.

E. The Eightfold Path.

5. Which of the following reflects a similarity between the expansion of the Arabs in the

seventh century and the expansion of the Vikings in the ninth century?

A. Both carried with them the seeds of a major religion.

B. Both took advantage of their contacts with principal trade routes.

C. Both were conscious efforts to extend their respective cultures.

D. Both expanded throughout the Mediterranean world.

E. Both expanded into Byzantine territory.

6. Which of the following is correct concerning Indian Ocean trade from 1000 to 1450?

A. Active Silk Roads overland trade diminished Indian Ocean trade.

B. Europeans did not participate.

C. East Africa was left out of its trade network.

D. It was dominated by Mongols during the Mongol Peace.

E. It was dominated by South Asian merchants.

7. During the period from 600 to 1450, longdistance travel

A. was hindered by a lack of safe trade routes between Europe and Asia.

B. included African slavery in the Mediterranean basin and India.

C. saw the end of the nomadic lifestyle.

D. was confined to overland routes.

E. bypassed Western Europe.

8. Which of the following was the most industrialized during the period 1000 to 1450?

A. Russia.

B. England.

C. China.

D. India.

E. Persia.

9. The term "shogun" describes a role in feudal Japan most like what role in feudal Europe?

A. Serf.

B. Lord.

C. Clergyman.

D. Free peasant.

E. Guild member.

10. Which of the following groups of women saw their roles change most profoundly in the

period between 600 and 1450?

A. European women.

B. Islamic women.

C. Hindu women of India.

D. African women.

E. Latin American women.

11. Buddhism spread from China to present-day

A. Indonesia.

B. Korea.

C. India.

D. Sri Lanka.

E. Turkey.

12. In the period between 1000 and 1300

A. regional states arose in both Africa and Europe.

B. trade declined in West Africa.

C. Islam reached North Africa, while Christianity became dominant in East Africa.

D. trans-Saharan trade decreased as Mediterranean trade increased.

E. early Bantu kingdoms broke up into kinshipbased societies.

13. The Mongols

A. failed in their campaign against Southwest Asian territories.

B. brought foreign administrators into China.

C. expanded their rule into Japan in the thirteenth century.

D. persecuted Christians within their empire.

E. encouraged intermarriage between themselves and the Chinese.

14. Which of the following is true concerning the Chinese and European presence in the

Indian Ocean in the fifteenth century?

A. Europeans were concerned with demonstrating their military might.

B. Europeans were not motivated by religious zeal.

C. The Chinese intended to establish harmony in the Indian Ocean.

D. European trade decreased in the latter part of the century.

E. The Chinese intended to impose their control over foreign trade.

15. In 1450, the Indians of the present-day countries of Mexico and the United States

A. shared a common written language.

B. were isolated from one another.

C. shared the legend of Quetzalcóatl.

D. began to establish trans-Atlantic trade connections.

E. were isolated from the rest of the world.

16. The least common destination for slaves crossing the Atlantic Ocean was

A. Mexico.

B. Spanish America.

C. the Caribbean.

D. British North America.

E. Brazil.

17. Between 1500 and 1750, Europeans were interested in colonies in the Americas for all

the following reasons EXCEPT

A. they wanted to Christianize the indigenous peoples.

B. they wanted to empower Spain to reconquer its territories under Muslim control.

C. they wanted to enrich the treasuries of Europe.

D. they wanted to bring honor to their respective nations.

E. they sought adventure.

18. The pattern illustrated on the facade above would most commonly be found in

A. Mughal India.

B. Ming China.

C. Renaissance Italy.

D. colonial Peru.

E. East Africa.

19. Which of the following is true of the African slave trade between 1450 and 1750?

A. African slave trade was confined to trade with Europeans.

B. East Africa was not involved in the slave trade.

C. African monarchs united in an effort to abolish the slave trade.

D. Within African societies, male slaves were valued more highly than female

slaves.

E. Europeans tapped into African slave trade routes already in existence.

20. During the period of the Tokugawa Shogunate

A. Buddhist and Confucian scholars practiced tolerance toward Christians.

B. the Portuguese gained unique trading privileges with Japan.

C. dependence on Chinese traditions prevented the development of Japanese art

forms.

D. traditional respect for large families produced consistent population growth.

E. Japan continued to be influenced by neo-Confucian thought from China.

21. The Protestant Reformation

A. produced sweeping reforms in the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church.

B. strengthened the rise of nation-states in Europe.

C. resulted in a decline in European education.

D. strengthened the power of the papacy.

E. discouraged capitalist ventures among members of the Christian faith.

22. Prior to its conquest by the Ottoman Turks, Byzantium was weakened by

A. inadequate military technology.

B. centuries of invasion by the Ottoman Turks.

C. its policy of continued expansion.

D. the decline of regional trade routes.

E. the political ambitions of neighboring peoples.

23. Which of the following revolutions produced a document declaring the rights of women?

A. Mexican Revolution of 1910.

B. Haitian Revolution.

C. Chinese Revolution.

D. French Revolution.

E. American Revolution.

24. When the Mexican liberal Ponciano Arriaga referred to the Indians of Mexico as

"proletarians," he was echoing

A. the proclamation of the Young Turks.

B. Marx and Engels.

C. the Declaration of the Rights of Man.

D. the Monroe Doctrine.

E. the agreement of the Berlin Conference.

25. In calling the Mexican Indians "proletariat," Arriaga was referring to their role as

A. workers.

B. indentured servants.

C. slaves.

D. revolutionaries.

E. estate managers.

26. African influences on American culture included all of the following EXCEPT

A. language.

B. music.

C. agricultural knowledge.

D. commerce.

E. religious practices.

27. Which of the following facilitated European advances into Asia in the nineteenth

century?

A. Communication cables that linked Asia with Europe.

B. Introduction of European diseases to Asians.

C. Intense rivalries among major Asian nations.

D. The popularity of Christianity in East Asia.

E. Weakening Asian economies that welcomed European trade.

28. Japan's response to the opening of trade with the United States and Europe was

A. to protect the territorial integrity of Korea.

B. to assist China in resolving unequal treaties with European powers and the United

States.

C. to set up a democratic government.

D. to engage in conflict with Russia.

E. to end the power of its traditional ruling dynasty.

29. The reasons for India's history of fragmented government have included all of the

following EXCEPT

A. its religious diversity.

B. its variety of economic activity.

C. its varied landscape.

D. its caste system.

E. its cycle of monsoons.

30. The concept of extraterritoriality is associated with

A. Japan and India.

B. Korea and the Russian Empire.

C. Indonesia and Vietnam.

D. Thailand and Australia.

E. China and the Ottoman Empire.

31. The Indian National Congress

A. remained separate from the Muslim League.

B. was against Indian self-rule.

C. felt that India's future lay in cooperating with Great Britain.

D. achieved its goals by World War I.

E. agreed with the Ottoman Empire's Young Turks that reform was necessary to

withstand European imperialism.

32. Which of the following best describes the message of the cartoon above?

A. The United States is skeptical of peace efforts in the Middle East.

B. The road to Middle Eastern peace has only a few minor rough spots.

C. A middle-of-the-road path to peace is easier in theory than in practice.

D. Palestine has the upper hand in current Middle Eastern relations.

E. Israel has the upper hand in current Middle Eastern relations.

33. The road map illustrated in the cartoon represents

A. the military presence of the Israelis.

B. the plight of dispossessed Palestinians.

C. U.S. troops ready to become involved in the Middle East.

D. camps of terrorist organizations.

E. conflicts over occupied territories.

34. African decolonization

A. saw Ghana become the first sub-Saharan state to gain independence.

B. was not influenced by the Cold War.

C. healed ethnic divisions throughout the continent.

D. witnessed a peaceful transition in France's North African possessions.

E. was completed by 1960.

35. Which of the following is true regarding the role of women in World War II?

A. British and American women engaged in combat.

B. American women became a permanent part of the work force as a result of their

wartime factory jobs.

C. Japanese women entered the work force in large numbers.

D. Soviet and Chinese women served in combat.

E. German women were encouraged to serve in combat.

36. All of the following are true of environmental concerns of the twentieth century EXCEPT

that

A. air pollution produces global warming.

B. the extension of agricultural activity aids biodiversity.

C. global warming poses the risk of a rise in sea levels.

D. urbanization reduces biodiversity.

E. population increase is the basis of many environmental problems.

37. Compared to Egypt, Sumer

A. had more natural defenses.

B. had a monotheistic religion.

C. was more isolated.

D. engaged in more extensive long-distance trade.

E. constructed fewer large urban areas.

38. The map above illustrates Africa

A. in 1800.

B. in 1850.

C. in 1910.

D. in 1990.

E. in 2000.

39. Which of the following religions uses the symbols above?

A. Judaism.

B. Buddhism.

C. Christianity.

D. Hinduism.

E. Islam.

40. Which of the following statements regarding the tenets of Buddhism is most accurate?

A. Buddhism teaches that followers can attain a state of perfect peace.

B. Buddhism supported the Indian caste system.

C. Buddhism is polytheistic.

D. Buddhism does not accept reincarnation.

E. Buddha's writings form the holy book of Buddhists.

41. Which of the following is NOT true of Confucianism?

A. It instituted the Chinese civil service examination.

B. One of its tenets is filial piety.

C. It has fostered a patriarchal society.

D. It stresses obedience to authority.

E. It involves the worship of Confucius.

42. In the chart below, Country #2 is found in which region?

A. Europe.

B. Sub-Saharan Africa.

C. Latin America.

D. East Asia.

E. Middle East.

43. Country #2's relationship with its top trade partner is the result of

A. globalization.

B. multinational corporations.

C. trans-Saharan trade.

D. colonialism.

E. the trans-Atlantic slave trade.

44. Country #1 is

A. China.

B. South Korea.

C. the United States.

D. India.

E. Canada.

45. Before 1000, the most common governmental structure in sub-Saharan Africa was the

A. stateless society.

B. kingdom.

C. city-state.

D. empire.

E. nation-state.

46. In the period 1000 to 1450

A. Europeans learned of sugarcane cultivation from the Crusades.

B. Europe ceased expansion.

C. Australians developed agriculture.

D. Americans engaged in regional trade only.

E. pastoral nomadism declined markedly.

47. Which language was a blend of the language of migratory farmers and that of traders of

Southwest Asia?

A. Urdu.

B. Proto-Bantu.

C. Arabic.

D. Swahili.

E. Portuguese.

48. The Mongols

A. mastered Asian territories by blocking trade routes.

B. added Vietnam to their territorial possessions.

C. promoted commercial ties between Russia and the West.

D. created the largest land empire.

E. transmitted their culture to Japan.

49. Trade was a key method of exchange between which of the following pairs?

A. The Mongol Empire and the Gupta Empire.

B. Qing China and Mexico.

C. The Swahili states of East Africa and South America.

D. Korea and the Byzantine Empire.

E. Songhay and the Mongol Empire.

50. Which of the following is true regarding missionary campaigns in the period 1000 to

1450?

A. Sufi strict observance of Islam gained them popular support in Southeast Asia and

Africa.

B. Roman Catholic Christianity gained little support in Spain and Sicily.

C. In the fourteenth century, Christianity became popular with East Asians.

D. Mongols embraced Christianity in large numbers.

E. The spread of the bubonic plague temporarily halted Christian missionary efforts

to East Asia.

51. All of the following are true concerning the African slave trade EXCEPT

A. Portuguese slavers carried slaves to Atlantic islands.

B. in sub-Saharan Africa, wealth was determined by control of human labor rather

than by private property.

C. most slaves exported from Africa came from central Africa.

D. some slaves were transported across the Sahara to the Mediterranean basin.

E. Muslim merchants had slave suppliers who assisted them in the Indian Ocean

slave trade

52. Which is true concerning Indian Ocean trade in the period 1450 to 1750?

A. Portuguese dominance increased after 1600.

B. Indian Ocean mariners sailing from China to East Africa relied on the monsoons.

C. English merchants concentrated on Indonesian trade.

D. The emergence of the joint-stock company increased commercial risks.

E. Dutch merchants concentrated on Indian trade.

53. Which of the following is NOT true regarding the Seven Years' War?

A. It was the first global war.

B. It occurred during the period of Portuguese dominance in the Indian Ocean.

C. It laid the basis for British imperial dominance.

D. It involved indigenous peoples of the Americas.

E. It involved the Indian Ocean and the Caribbean.

54. All of the following are true of political institutions in the seventeenth and eighteenth

centuries EXCEPT

A. Europe experienced the rule of absolute monarchs.

B. China saw the establishment of its last dynasty.

C. Enlightenment theories altered Russian political thought.

D. Japan's government became more centralized.

E. Ottoman power was in decline.

55. In the early nineteenth century, the most urbanized nation was

A. China.

B. Russia.

C. India.

D. the United States.

E. Great Britain.

56. Which is NOT true of Russian expansion in the period 1500–1800?

A. It was stopped by the Ottoman Empire.

B. It included expansion into Siberia.

C. It expanded to the south and west.

D. It added territory by participating in the partition of Poland.

E. It forged a cultural alliance with Slavic peoples in the Balkans.

57. What was the response of China to foreign influence in the period 1450 to 1750?

A. The Chinese were unimpressed by European technology.

B. The Qing closely supervised foreign merchants in China.

C. Under Qing rule, most Chinese ports were open to foreigners.

D. Chinese authorities established trading companies patterned after those of the

Europeans.

E. Christian missionaries were welcomed.

58. The growth of rubber and palm oil production in Africa produced all of the following

effects EXCEPT

A. greater technology transfer to Africans.

B. production concentrated around European needs and desires.

C. disruption of village life.

D. rigorous working conditions.

E. malnutrition.

59. In the period between 1750 and 1914, the Chinese empire was weakened by all of the

following EXCEPT

A. the Taiping Rebellion.

B. the Boxer Rebellion.

C. defense treaties with Great Britain and Japan.

D. the opium trade.

E. loss of tribute.

60. Which of the following is true of the Russians and Japanese from 1750 to 1914?

A. They both built increasingly powerful empires.

B. Their governments encouraged rapid industrialization.

C. They both had a well-educated populace.

D. Both had decentralized governments.

E. Both had strong monarchies.

61. Which of the following is true concerning imperialism in the period 1750 to 1914?

A. Europeans set up a number of settler colonies in Southeast Asia.

B. Imperialism prevented the integration of local economies into global trade

networks.

C. Western Europe, the United States, and Japan were all imperialist powers.

D. Subject peoples received the benefits of education primarily in their native

languages.

E. Colonies became ready markets for Western manufactured goods.

62. All of the following are true of the Balkans in the nineteenth century EXCEPT

A. Russia wanted to extend the Pan-Slavic movement to the Balkans.

B. it was a diverse ethnic and religious mixture.

C. Balkan states were controlled by Austria-Hungary and the Ottomans.

D. it was the focus of Europe's imperialist powers.

E. it was a region of potentially volatile nationalist sentiment.

63. Which of the following is NOT true of industrialization in the nineteenth century?

A. Industrialization in the nineteenth century was based on steel.

B. After the 1850s, industrial machines were often run by electricity.

C. American colonies failed to provide markets for European goods.

D. Railroads were a key element of industrialization.

E. Belgium became the first industrialized state of continental Europe.

64. Which of the following was a problem encountered by both the United States and Latin

America in the period 1750 to 1914?

A. Limited experience with self-government

B. Dependence on primary levels of production

C. Conflicts with indigenous peoples

D. Well-defined social classes

E. Assertion of power by military leaders

65. In which order did the following events occur?

A. Suez crisis, creation of Israel, Iranian revolution, Iran-Iraq War

B. Iranian revolution, Suez crisis, creation of Israel, Iran-Iraq War

C. Creation of Israel, Suez crisis, Iranian revolution, Iran-Iraq War

D. Creation of Israel, Iranian revolution, Iran-Iraq War, Suez crisis

E. Suez crisis, creation of Israel, Iran-Iraq War, Iranian revolution

66. The country with the largest Muslim population is located in

A. the Middle East.

B. Southeast Asia.

C. East Asia.

D. North Africa.

E. sub-Saharan Africa.

67. In the twentieth century, external migration patterns were usually

A. from rural to urban areas.

B. from urban to rural areas.

C. from developed to developing nations.

D. from developing to developed nations.

E. from wartorn regions to regions at peace.

68. The world region that has experienced the most rapid recent industrial growth is

A. North America.

B. Latin America.

C. North Africa.

D. East Asia.

E. Western Europe.

69. All of the following were true of the Iranian Revolution EXCEPT that

A. it was led by Islamic fundamentalists.

B. it led to more restrictive policies for Iranian women.

C. it resulted in a war with Iraq.

D. it involved traditional Islamic sectarian divisions.

E. it reflected pro-foreign sentiment.

70. Which of the following is NOT true concerning globalization?

A. Child labor is common in South Asia and Southeast Asia.

B. Regional trade organizations have risen in response to the World Trade

Organization.

C. Guest workers have been frequent victims of violence.

D. The AIDS crisis is especially prevalent in Southeast Asia.

E. Woman suffrage is almost universal.