The Harappan Civilization

Made By : Hitarth Desai

What Is A Civilization?

Civilization Is The Progressive Phase Of

All-round Development Of

People Living In A Given Territory.

Growth Of Economy, Use Of Technology,

Living In Cities.

Specialization In Skills, Script And

Agriculture.

The Bronze Age CivilizationIt Came After The Copper Age Civilization.

Bronze Is The Alloy Of Copper Bronze And Tin.

During This Period, Bronze Was Used.

Hence, This Time Period Got Its Name As Bronze Age Civilization.

The Harappan Civilization

Also Known As The Indus Valley Civilization.

Flourished In The Bronze Age Civilization Between 3300 BCE – 1300 BCE.

Largest Urban Civilization In The World.

Concentrated Around The Basin Of The River Indus.

Discovery Of The Civilization

Sir John Marshall Led His Team To

Discover The Harappan

Civilization.

Dayaram Sahni Discovered The

Ruins In Harappa In 1921.

Rakhaldas Banerjee Discovered

Mohenjo-Daro In 1922.

Sources

Great Bath Citadel Seals Human

FigurinesLothal

Dockyard Script

Extent Of The CivilizationWestern Border - Suktagendor In South Baluchistan

Eastern Border – Alamgirpur In Uttarpradesh

Northern Border – Mandan In Jammu And Kashmir

Southern Border – Bhagatrav In The Narmada Estuary

Urban Planning

It Was Made According To A Grid

Pattern.

The Buildings Were Made Of Brick Or

Wood.

Citadel Had The Major Buildings And The Houses Of The

Aristocrats.

The Great BathMost Significant

Structures At Mohenjo-Daro.

Bathing Pool = 39 X 28 X 8 Ft.

Water Was Supplied By A

Well Found Nearby.

Water Was Emptied

Regularly For Cleaning.

It Was Made Watertight By Coating With Mortar, Burnt

Bricks, Gypsum And Bitumen.

There Were Rooms For Changing.

It May Have Been A

Religious And Ritualistic

Bath.

The Granary

They Were Found At Various Places

Like Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa, Lothal And Kalibangan.

Working Floors

Consisted Of Circular Brick

Platforms.

These Floors Were Used For

Threshing Grains.

They Had Proper

Ventilation.

They Were Situated Near The River

Banks So That The Transportation Could Be Easy.

Trade Practices• Harappa And Mohenjo-Daro And

Lothal

• Lothal - Chanhudaro

Cont….• External Trade With Other Countries

Was Also Carried Out

Harappan Seals Mesopotamian Civilization

Found At

Imported Metals

Contd….

Barter System Prevailed

International Trade – Seaways

Domestic Trade – Bullock Carts, Etc

Barter System

Weights And Measures

Use Of Regulated Weights And Measures

Was Prevalent

The Smallest Unit Of Weight Was 16 Which

Weighed 14 G

Bigger Units Of Weight Were Multiples Of 16

Transport Model Of

Terracotta Ship Was Discovered At Lothal Dockyard

Lothal Dockyard Is The World’s

Earliest Known Dockyards

Bullock Carts Were Used For

Inland Transportation

Arts And Crafts – The Dancing GirlGirl In

Dancing Posture Wit

h Right

Hand

Resting On Her Hip

Left Arm

Is Covered

With A Series Of

Ivory

Bangles

Hair Tied

Into A

Bun And

Is Slightly Tilted Backwards

Made Of Bronze Throug

h Lost Wax

Process

Bearded ManMade from

stone

It has Trimmed

beard

It has half-closed eyes

A shawl is wrapped

around its shoulders

It represents a priest or noble man

Terracotta Figures•Harappans used fire-baked clay or terracotta

•They made idols for worship and toys

•The terracotta figure of mother goddess and the toy cart is an excellent example of the Harappan talent of art and craft

Occupation And Livelihood Main Occupation = Agriculture

Leisure Activity = Art And Craft

Metal Work = Copper And Bronze Used To Make Vessels, Etc

Beads = Used To Make Ornaments And Jewelry

Other Crafts = Pottery, Spinning, Carving And Weaving

Script – Highly Pictorial With Abstract Signs

Forms Of WorshipMother Goddess – Represented The Earth. Statues Made From Terracotta. Smoke Stains Also Found

Male Deity – Horned Three - Faced Deity Sitting In A Yogi Posture. Surrounded By Animals. Represents Pashupati – Avatar Of Lord Shiva.

Nature And Its Elements – Worshipped Trees, Animals, Birds, Fire And Water.

Contd….They Believed In

Magic And Charm

Also Believed In Ghosts And

Spirits

It Is Believed That Some Harappans Buried The Dead While

Some Of Them Cremated And Put Them In

Urns

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