Power Sector Planning Ppt

Power System Planning in India: An Outline

Globalization Impact :• INDIA is one of the fastest – growing economies of the world. Globalization has positively influenced almost every sector in the country, including the power sector.

• To keep pace with the new energy Challenges the government embarked upon a number of structural and operational changes to reform the power sector.

• The modifications mainly focused on bringing competition in different segments, setting up an independent regulatory commission, and establishing proper funding mechanism.

Status of Power Sector in India :• The emergence of the state electricity regulatory commissions (SERCs) is contributing toward the development of the power sector as a whole.

• They play an important role in rationalizing the tariffs, protecting customer interests, ensuring improved customer service, and setting the delivery standards. They also guide the open access process at the state level.

• The unbundling of the state electricity boards (SEBs) and the enactment of the electricity Act 2003 , along with National Electricity Policy (NEP) and National Tariff Policy (NTP), have created a strong policy framework to ensure investment in all sectors.

Electricity Act 2003 :• The Electricity Act 2003 has made many new provisions in the area of generation, transmission, and distribution.

• The generation has been liberalized and de‐licensed up to a certain extent.

• Electricity is now being treated as a commodity, and trading has been identified as an important activity for a competitive electricity market.

• The Act has facilitated development of an efficient and customer‐oriented distribution system.

National Electricity Policy :• The policy envisages power for all by 2012, rural electrification, reduction in T&D losses, better cost recovery, improved financial support, and greater private sector participation.

• It urges utilities to use state‐of‐the‐art technologies for management, operation, and control.

Accelerated Power Development and Reform Program (APDRP) :

• The APDRP is a striving central government initiative in the distribution segment launched in the year 2001.

• The program has the following main objectives:

• 1) reducing AT&C losses• 2) improving quality of supply of power• 3) increasing revenue collection• 4) improving consumer satisfaction.

• To avail the advantages of the program, it has been made compulsory for all the states to fulfill the eligibility criteria set by the central government.

Funding Mechanism:• Today, various reforms projects are funded through : *Accelerated Power Development and Reform Program (APDRP) , *Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidhyutikaran Yojana: Rajiv Gandhi Rural Electrification Plan (RGGVY), *Power Finance Corporation (PFC), and *Rural Electrification Corporation Limited (REC).

• International agencies like World Bank, Asian Development Bank (ADB), and Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) are also providing funding in selected states.

• The commercial banks have also extended credit to the DISCOMs; the fund is mainly invested in improving the T&D network.

Status & Restructuring of Indian Power Sector :

• Electrical Power Industry/Sector has gone through several reforms and structural changes with focus on customer care.

• Conceptual evolutions like Energy Market Place, Electricity Trading, Open Access, Competitive Electricity Market Structures, etc. are some of them to mention here.

Current Status ‐ Generation

• Installed capacity: 1,50,000 MW as of June 2009

• Shortage:

Peaking : 12% (16.6% in 07-08)

Energy : 11% (9.9% in 07-08)

Plan Target (MW) Achieved (MW)

Percentage achievement (%)

8th (1992‐97) 30538 16423 53.80

9th (1997‐02) 40245 19119 47.50

10th (2002‐07) 41110 21180 51.70

WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS IN INDIA

Renewable Energy : Wind Power

Total Renewable Energy Sources ~ 13 GW

Wind Installed Capacity ~ 9 GW

Estimated Wind Potential ~ 45 GW

India: 5th Largest Wind Power Producer

Current Status ‐ Transmission

National Power Grid by 2012

Adoption of advanced technologies

800 kV UHV AC transmission

± 800 UHV DC Transmission

FACTS Projects

R‐APDRP: Introduction of Data centres at Discoms/States in India

Reduction of AT & C Losses to 15%

Emphasis on increasing reliability, efficiency and safety

Smart GridOpportunity for existing AGING systems to leapfrog by envisioning a futuristic power grid

Current Status ‐ Distribution

Smart Grid CharacteristicsEmerging technology

Integrates new technologies to enable re-look at design & operation of power system

• Detect & address emerging problems before they impact service

• Respond to local & system-wide inputs• Incorporate measurements & Feedback controls that

quickly return to stable system operation after disturbances• Automatically adapt protective systems to accommodate

changing system conditions• Re-route power flows, improve voltage profiles, change

load patterns etc. during contingencies• Enable loads & Distributed generation to participate in

operations• Self-healing & adaptive

Smart Grid Technological Drivers

Advanced metering Infrastructure (AMI)

Key component of smart grid

Able to dynamically monitor & price electricity consumption

Real Time pricing leading to Peak demand reduction – AMI may result in long lines

Encompasses all endpoint meters, networking Hardware and IT

Smart Grid Technological Drivers Demand Response

• End-customers change normal consumption patterns based on changes in electricity price

Leads to products of high efficiency and savings

Advanced Transmission & Distribution

Includes new technologies to enhance power delivery, reliability, security an management (Eg: FACTS, Custom Power)

Self healing, adaptive, accommodates all types of generation & storage options

Distributed energy resources (DER) to supplement conventional generation

Technology Development Needed

Two-way Integrated communication technologies Sub station automation, AMR, Demand response, SCADA

&EMS

Sensing & Measurement technologies To evaluate equipment health, aid in theft control, congestion

management, WAM, Time of use, real-time pricing etc.

Advanced components R&D in superconductivity, large storage systems, FACTS

systems etc.

Technology Development Needed

Advanced control strategies Devices & algorithms that enable rapid doiagnostics and

solutions to grid disturbances

Improved Interfaces & Decision support tools For grid operation Convert complex data into easily understood information for

decision making Visualization techniques Knowledge management

2300

Installed Capacity : 1,37,000 MWPeak Demand : 1,04,000 MWPeak Availability : 96,000 MWEnergy growth : 8-9% / annum

34,280 MW

35240 MW16680

35,800 MW

2440

Surplus Regions

Deficit Regions

NEW Grid

SouthGrid

South

West

NorthEast

Northeast

Five Regional GridsFive Frequencies

October 1991East and Northeast

synchronized

March 2003West synchronized

With East & Northeast

August 2006North synchronized

With Central Grid

Central Grid

Five Regional GridsTwo Frequencies

SalakatiBirpara

DehriSasaram

SahupuriAllahabad North-

eastern

Eastern

Northern

BudhipadarRourkela

KorbaRaipur

Auraiya

Malanpur

Western

Southern

Balimela

Upper Sileru

Jeypore

Gazuwaka

Singrauli

Vindhyachal

Talcher

Kolar

Kota

Ujjain

Gorakhpur MuzaffarpurBalia Patna

BiharshariffBalia

SipatRanchi

Agra

Gwalior

BarhBaliaGayaBaliaSasaram

RanchiWR PoolingZerda

Kankroli

Fatehpur

Agra

NER Pooling3000MW

5000 MW12650MW

3250 MW

3650 MW2700 MW

7250 MW

With Krishnapattanam UMPP

BongaigaonMalda

BongaigaonSiliguri

Chandrapur

Ramagundam

Kolhapur

Nagjhari

Ponda

Belgaum

Inter Regional Links by 2012 – 40,000 MW Capacity

EASTERN REGION

37,150 MW OF INTER-REGIONAL POWER BY 2012

8500 MW

2250 MW8500 MW

7600 MW

2700 MW3600 MW

4000 MW

SOUTHERN REGION

WESTERNREGION

NORTHERN REGION

NORTH-EASTERN REGION

EASTERN REGION

INTER‐REGIONAL LINK CAPACITY BY END OF 11th PLAN (2012)

Peculiarities of Regional Grids in India

SOUTHERN REGION

WESTERNREGION

EASTERN REGION

NORTHERN REGION NORTH-

EASTERN REGION

REGIONAL GRIDS

Deficit Region

Snow fed – run-of –the –river hydro

Highly weather sensitive load

Adverse weather conditions: Fog & Dust Storm

Very low load

High hydro potential

Evacuation problems

Industrial load and agricultural load

Low load

High coal reserves

Pit head base load plants

High load (40% agricultural load)

Monsoon dependent hydro

CHICKEN-NECK

REQUIREMENTS 2022

Installed =145,000 MWProduction=110,000 MWDemand=140,000 MWDeficit =30,000 MW

Installed =80,000 MWProduction=60,000 MWDemand=10,000 MWExport =50,000 MW

Installed =135,000 MWProduction=100,000 MWDemand=130,000 MWDeficit =30,000 MW

-Eastern region/ Installed =106,000 MWProduction=60,000 MWDemand=10,000 MWExport =50,000 MW

Installed =135,000 MW Production=100,000 MWDemand=130,000 MW Deficit =30,000 MW

15,000MW, 2 nos 1200kV,AC15,000MW2 nos 1200kV, AC

20,000MW2nos 1200kV,AC

10,000MWnos 1200kV, AC

27,000MW2 nos 1200kV, AC

23,000MW2 nos 1200kV, AC

Southern region

Western region

Northern region North-Eastern region

/ Sikkim/Bhutan/Mynmar

NEW CHALLENGES TO THE ELECTRICITY NETWORK

Main Challenges being faced by Power Utilities

Increasing demand for energy and electricity

1

RAISING THE NETWORK’S COMPLEXITY

2 Moving towards an environmentally-friendlier energy mix

(lower carbon emissions, more renewable energy…)

3

Volatile energy prices and critical energy losses

4 Emerging large regional transmission networks

Coal

Oil

Gas

NuclearHydroOther

Coal with CCS

Gas

Gas with CCS

Nuclear

Hydro

Other renewablesSolar

Wind

Biomass

For a 50% reduction in CO2 by 2050

2005

46%renewables

Global electricity production

IEA 2008 report on future energy technologies

Scenario for a 50% reduction of CO2 by 2050

Calls for 32 new nuclear power plants per year

46% coming from renewables (including Hydro)

A dramatic penetration of renewable in the energy mix

REINFORCING CUSTOMERS NEEDS

REINFORCING EXISTING NEEDS

Reliability and qualityEnsure security of supply, reliability of the network and quality of the electricity delivered

The network must be smarter with more intelligence at all levels

StabilityMonitor oscillations and manage the network to prevent blackouts and maximize availability of power

Environmental concernsProvide clean energy (CO2 free) and reduce environmental impact

Market efficiencySet up tools and processes to fully enable energy marketsEnable customers / end-users dynamic participation

Energy efficiencyDeliver the maximum of electricity to the end-user, starting from a given quantity of energy and from existing assets

…WITH SUPPORT FROM NEW TECHNOLOGY AND REGULATION

► Emerging governmental energy policies for energy & environmental efficiency: Energy supply Blackout prevention Energy demand management

Energy policies / Regulatory pushEnergy policies / Regulatory push

New technologyCapabilities

New technologyCapabilities

► New technology capabilities Technological Convergence Modeling and simulation Complex systems control Energy storage Power electronics…

© ABB Group July 15, 2009 | Slide 34

Smart Grid Objective

Expectation from a smart grid“A smart grid should deliver electricity from suppliers to consumers using digital technology to save energy, reduce cost and increase reliability and transparency. It should also address energy independence, global warmingand emergency resilience issues”


Smart Grid Constraints in Implementation – Indian Scenario

Vast geographical spread of our networksRequirement of large scale project integrationHuge costs

The regulators on one hand have insisted-upon utilities for meeting strict supply reliability, they are also stringent to approving CAPEX for expenditure

Time requirement for implementation


Smart Grid – A Novel Approach Introduction

A proven methodology has been suggested for real time monitoring and smarter distribution grid, the prototype is quite replicable for transmission utilities alsoA real time monitoring systemonline and offline analysis of network Planning, and CAPEX optimizationIt works on a number of inputs and calculation methods

Partly data measurement from SCADAPartly from GIS data-base / ERPPartly from Synthetic load curves of consumers (Statistical tool)Output of a power system simulation / analysis tool NEPLAN®

The entire network may be analyzed, planned and operated on actual hour-by-hour values rather than peak estimates.


The major challenge would be continuous collection of large chunk of data from MV and LV network, processing it into information and reacting to it.

However the proposed prototype of solution is currently working in a system having more than 900,000 customers and associated LV & MV network

Smart Grid – A Novel Approach Solution Overview


Smart Grid – A Novel Approach Data from Primary & Secondary Sub-stations

Primary substations are proposed to be monitored with a traditional SCADA DMS (Distribution Management System). Following data can be imported to Smartgrid -Bus configuration at primary substationsBus voltagesLoad currents at feeder headSwitching state (topology) in MV network

Incoming measurements validation through “Rules Engine”


Smart Grid – A Novel Approach Data from ERP / GIS

In order to build an exact model for continuous calculations, network data can be imported say every 24 hours from two sources - SAP PM and GIS.

MV linesHV/MV and MV/LV transformersNetwork structureLine lengthsSubstation locations Consumer details & Category


Smart Grid – A Novel Approach Load Data

Load data are essential for making a reliable network state estimation. Load data can be collected from a combination of following sources:

Hourly energy sales, remotely read customersHourly energy production, embedded generationAnnual energy sales, small customersTelemetered MV/LV stations


Smart Grid – A Novel Approach Load Data – Large Consumers

It is proposed that large Consumers e.g. Industrial / commercial should be remotely read

This may be used as an estimate for mean load in that specific hour. Power factor if not measured, can be taken into consideration suitably

Hour by hour values can be transformed in 10 minute values by interpolation for comparison with actual measurements.

Hourly energy production, embedded generation – Data treatment Similar to large consumers


Smart Grid – A Novel Approach Load Data – Small Consumers

Minimised mesurement points – crux of the approach, small consumer data to be captured as following

From consumer database, following information for the consumers should be retrieved every 24 hours-

Expected annual consumptionLoad categoryTopological connection to network

Since neither power factor nor reactive power is known, suitable estimate can be made by Smartgrid. Energy sales are then converted into synthetic load curves, detailed in subsequent slides


Smart Grid – A Novel Approach Load Data – Small Consumers – Development of load Curves

The approach would be -Divide customers into different unique categories, it is proposed to

have as many categories as possibleConvert the annual energy sales Q per category to peak load Pmax,

using Velander’s formula:Pmax [kW] = A * Q [MWh] + B * √Q

Where the parameters A and B are determined statically for each category or from up to date load measurements

Convert Pmax to apparent peak power Smax, assuming a mean cos(phi) for the load

Calculate ∑Smax of apparent peak power for all categories and substations on feeder

Since individual peak loads do not occur simultaneously, ∑Smax will exceed peak load measured at feeder head, Smeasured head.

Consequently, substation loads are downscaled by a factor k = Smeasured / ∑Smax


Smart Grid – A Novel Approach Continuous network state estimation

From the information imported to Smartgrid data base, full model including loads and generators is built.

The calculation engine proposed here is NEPLAN®. NEPLAN® calculates load flow using load balancing feature

Calculated flows and voltages are returned to Smartgrid where the ‘virtual’ measurements are stored alongside real measurements with a tag identifying them as virtual.

Should calculations on single feeders or primary substations fail for some reason; the system will notify the operator but continue calculations on remaining part of the network.


Smart Grid – A Novel Approach Off-line analysis with NEPLAN

Smartgrid database can transfer all the network information to NEPLAN in a project file containing the entire network - for any point back in time.

This is a very powerful feature for medium and long term network planningNEPLAN capabilities for online and offline analysis is as listed below -

Load flow with load profilesOptimal distribution networkOptimal separation pointInvestment analysis (Net present value)3-ph and 1-ph load flow (unsymmetrical network, loads)Convergence check, starts from predefined pointArea and zone controlContingency analysis

With single mode / common mode outageRanking of severity of violation

Results in table and online diagram (customizable)Results summary, overloads, voltage violations, comparison of variants.


Smart Grid – A Novel Approach NEPLAN’s Integration with GIS Data-base

• Micro‐Grids : Dispersed Distribution Sources• Smart Grids : defined as the secure integration of two infrastructures – namely, the electrical and the information infrastructure * viewed as an enabling engine that : ‐ is intelligent ‐ is quality focused ‐ is efficient ‐ is flexible‐ self healing

Smart Grid Technological Drivers

AMI

The characteristics of a ‘Smart Grid’?

• Enable Active Participation by Consumers• Accommodate All Generation and Storage Options• Enable New Products, Services, and Markets• Provide Power Quality for the Digital Economy.• Optimize Asset Utilization and Operate Efficiently.• Anticipate and Respond to System Disturbances

(Self‐heal).• Operate Resiliently to Attack and Natural Disaster.

Technical challenges for achieving a ‘Smart Grid’

• Smart equipment. • Communication systems. • Data management. • Cyber Security • Information/data privacy. • Software applications.

• Documentation : Success / Failure stories

Power Sector Planning Ppt

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