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Fear of going to school was first termed school phobia in

1941. An alternative term, school refusal, was used in GreatBritain to define similar problems in children who did notattend school because of emotional distress.

Most children find going to school exciting and enjoyablealthough of course nearly all children have times when they

don't want to go. This happens commonly at ages wherechildren are faced with tougher school activities or exams ormay have fallen out with friends. All of this is a normal part ofgrowing up. Children who develop school phobia, however,become terrified, trying every avoidance tactic in order to stay

away from school.To overcome this school phobia several treatment plans may

need to be tried like helping the child to relax, develop bettercoping skills, improve social skills, using a contract and gettinghelp with parenting or family issues are all examples of possible

treatments.


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School refusal and school phobia is not a formal diagnosis.

However, children with school refusal may suffer from significantemotional distress, especially anxiety and depression. Children maycling, cry and/or have temper tantrums when they are separatedfrom their parent. However, some older children continue to havedifficulty being away from home. The parents of these children are

often attentive and loving, but may be overprotective. As a resultsome students lack self-confidence and the ability to cope withschool life. A child who shows a higher risk for school phobia is onewho has no siblings, the youngest child or a chronically ill child.

It has been estimated that one in every 20 children in

England and Wales suffer from the medically-recognized conditionthat causes one to feel physically ill with the thought of school.Studies in the US showed that 5% of school-aged children areidentified as school refusal.


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Keeping in view of the findings in literature, theresearcher felt that stress is very common prevalent problem

among parents of primary school children. India is a developingcountry under which Mysore is one of the fast growing cities inIndia due to increased globalization in the field of medicine,information technology, industries etc. Due to urbanization andrapid changes in the life styles of people, working and job

related stress is more common. Based on the above facts andfigures, investigators personal experience motivated to conductthe present study. The findings will have impact on stressreduction and coping among parents of primary schoolchildren.


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AA DescriptiveDescriptive StudyStudy toto AssessAssess thethe KnowledgeKnowledge onon CopingCoping

StrategiesStrategies ofof SchoolSchool PhobiaPhobia Among Among ParentsParents ofof PrimaryPrimarySchoolSchool ChildrenChildren inin SelectedSelected VillageVillage atat MysoreMysore..

1. To assess the knowledge on coping strategies of schoolphobia among parents of primary school children.

2. To find out the association between the knowledge oncoping strategies of school phobia and selecteddemographic variables among parents of primary school

children.3. To improve the knowledge on coping strategies of school

phobia among parents of primary school children by meansof pamphlets.


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H1: There is a significant association between the knowledge oncoping strategies and selected demographic variables of parentsof primary school children.

It is the information, one has acquired through learning orexperience.

In this study it refers to the awareness and understanding ofparents of primary school children regarding coping strategies ofschool phobia and is measured by the structured questionnaire.

It is the behavior that helps us to function better in a givensituation.

In this study it refers to the way the study participantsfinding their relief from stressful experiences of school phobia,whether they use positive or negative styles.


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It refers to an extreme separation anxiety disorder ofchildren, usually in the elementary grades, characterized by a

persistent irrational fear of going to school or being in school likebehavior.

It refers father or mother; one who begets or one who givesbirth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the roleof guardian.

In this study it refers to the married couple either father andmother who have primary school children.

It refers to the individuals who are studying in 1st to 5th

standard.

It refers to the characteristics or attributes of subjects thatare collected to describe the sample.

In this study the socio-demographic variables include age,gender, monthly family income, type of family, religion, education,and source of information.


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Individualcharacteristics

Behavior specific toaffect and cognition.

Health PromotingBehavior

Individualcharacteristi

cs of theparents arethe socio

demographic variableslike age,

educationalstatus,

religion,Family

income permonth, type

of familyand source

ofinformation

Knowledgelevel of

parents ofprimaryschool

children oncoping

strategies

for schoolphobia

in selectedareas

of Mysore.

Adequatelevel of

knowledge

Moderatelyadequatelevel of

knowledge

Inadequatelevel of

knowledge Absence of healthpromoting behavior


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A quantitative approach was used to assess theknowledge on coping strategies of school phobia among parentsof primary school children.

A Descriptive survey design adopted for assessing the levelof knowledge on coping strategies of school phobia amongparents of primary school children

The variable in this study is level of knowledge among parents ofprimary school children on coping strategies for school phobia.

The demographic variables include age, gender, monthlyfamily income, type of family, religion, education, and source of

information.


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The present study was conducted in Hanchaya village inMysore, which is located 6 Km from Cauvery College of Nursing. Thetotal population of Hanchaya village is 18,602. The selected settingincluded the availability of the sample, availability of time, thegeographical accessibility and population of the subjects in theselected village.

The population of the present study includes parents of primaryschool children.

Sample

In this study samples are the Parents of primary school childrenthose who are residing in Hanchaya village of Mysore.

Sample Size

The samples selected for this study are 60 parents of primaryschool children.


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In this study subjects were selected by non probabilityconvenience sampling technique, which is the cheapest and simpletechnique that entails the use of the most conveniently availablesubjects in a study.

Inclusion criteria:

The samples are the parents of primary school children.Both males and females are included in the study.

Both literate and illiterate were included in the study.

Exclusion criteria:

Those who were having serious health condition at the time of

study.Those who were not willing to participate.

Those who underwent any educational program about copingstrategies of school phobia since one year.


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The instrument used in this study is semi structuredquestionnaire cum interview schedule on coping strategies of schoolphobia.

The tools are divided into two part1 and part 2.PART I

Socio demographic variables consist of age, gender,educational status, religion, monthly family income, type of family,and source of information.

PART IIThe semi structured questionnaire cum interview schedule on

coping strategies of school phobia includes 30 items. The 1 to 11 itemmeasuring the basic concept and causes of school phobia and 12 to 30items measuring the coping strategies of school phobia.


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SCORING OF MULTIPLE CHOICES QUESTIONNAIRE

Each correct answer scored as 1 remaining scored as zero. Thescoring interpreted as follows.

The tool was pre-tested with 6 parents who were similar incharacteristics to that of population under study. The pre-testing ofthe tool was done to check clarify of the items, ambiguity of thelanguage and feasibility of the tool.

Level of knowledge on coping strategies of school phobia

among parents of primary school children.

Category Range

Inadequate


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Content validity of the tool was ensured by a team of sevenexperts. The experts included five nursing experts, one psychiatristand one bio statistician. Based on the expert suggestion, the tool gotits final form. Validity of the tool was assessed using content validity.The opinion and remarks of the experts were pooled together and it was seen that the experts felt that the items/statements are inaccordance and specification and the instruments is having contentvalidity.

Reliability of the tool was assessed by using test re testmethod. Internal consistency of semi structured questionnaire cum

interview schedule on coping strategies of school phobia was assessedusing test re test method the value obtained was 0.8. Hence the toolwas found reliable.


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The pilot study was conducted on by selecting 6 parents ofprimary school children who were not participated in the main

study. After explaining the purpose of pilot study the parents ofprimary school children were demonstrated with the selected sociodemographic profile first and the semi structured questionnairecum interview schedule on coping strategies of school phobia.

The data collected during were coded numerically and tabulated

and entered into a spread sheet by keyboard entry .A conciseanalysis was done using the statistics. The pilot study was helpful toestimate total time required to conducting the study including thebudget.

Pilot study shown that there was the inadequate level ofknowledge on coping strategies of school phobia among parents ofprimary school children.


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As the first step in the data collection procedure, the

investigator met the Medical officer of Hanchaya PHC in Mysore, inorder to establish rapport and cooperation to conduct the studysuccessfully. The formal permission was taken from the authorityfor the data collection procedure.

After obtaining the permission the investigator met the parents of

primary school children and established rapport with them. Awritten informed consent was taken separately from each subject.Appropriate orientation was given to the subjects about the aim ofthe study, nature of the questionnaire and adequate care was takenfor protecting the subjects from the potential risks includingmaintaining confidentiality, security and identity.

The prepared semi structured questionnaire was administered tothe parents of primary school children and collected the neededinformation. After assessing the knowledge, the pamphlet wasdistributed to improve the coping strategies of school phobiaamong parents of primary school children.


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In order to achieve the stated objective of the study, the

data obtained from the subjects were coded numerically andtabulated .After tabulation and coding entered into a spread sheetby the keyboard. The responses on tools were analyzed withdescriptive and inferential statistical measures. Descriptivestatistical measures used to measure the mean, median, and

standard deviation. To associate the level of knowledge on copingstrategies of school phobia with socio demographic variables the chisquare test was applied.


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The analyzed data has been organized and presented in thefollowing sections.

Section 1: Description of selected socio demographic variables of

the parents.Section 2: Analysis and interpretation of level of knowledge of

parents on coping strategies of school phobia.

Section 3: Associating the socio demographic variables of parents

with the level of knowledge on coping strategies of

school phobia.


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Section 1:Distribution of parents according to sociodemographic variables by frequency and percentage n=60

1. Age:

a) 18 - 25years 11 18.33%

b) 26 - 35 years 39 65%

c) 36- 45 years 10 16.67%

d) 45 years and above. 0 0%

2.Gender:

a) Male 20 33.30%

b) Female 40 66.70%

3. Religion:

a) Hindu 55 91.70%

b) Muslim 4 6.70%c) Christian 1 1.60%

4. Monthly family Income:

a) < Rs. 5000 40 66.70%

b) Rs.5000- Rs.10000 16 26.60%

c) >Rs.10000 4 6.70%


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5. Type of Family:

a) Nuclear family 43 71.70%

b) Joint family 17 28.30%

6. Educational status:

a) Primary education 14 23.30%

b) Secondary education 20 33.30%c) Higher education 12 20%

d) Graduates 13 21.70%

e) No formal Education 1 1.70%

7. Source of information about school

phobia:

a) Friends 16 26.67%

b) Health professionals 16 26.67%

c) ANM and VHN 18 30%

d) Mass media. 10 16.66%


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Section 2: Mean, SD and percentage of parents on differentaspect of knowledge on coping strategies of school phobia.

Two aspects of

knowledge

No. of

questions

Min Max

score

Mean score

SD

Mean

Percentage

Basic concepts of

school phobia and

its causes

11 0 - 113.76 1.78

34.23%

Coping strategies

of school phobia 19 0-19 7.6 2.26 40%


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Distribution of parents of primary school childrenaccording to the level of knowledge regarding coping

strategies of school phobia.

Level of knowledge Range Interpretation

of score

Frequency Percentage

Inadequate 0-15 < 50% 56 93.3%

Moderately adequate 16-23 50%-74% 4 6.7%

Adequate 24-30 75% 0 0.0%

Total 30 _ 60 100%


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Section 3:Association between level of knowledge with

socio demographic variablesBy Associating the level of knowledge with selected

socio demographic variables like age, gender, religion, monthlyfamily income, type of family, educational status and source ofinformation about school phobia, the chi square value shows

that there is no significant association between the level ofknowledge with selected socio demographic variables.


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The finding of the study has implication in nursing education,nursing practice, nursing administration and nursing research.

Nursing Profession present and future require qualified

nurses to meet the challenges and deliver the health care in allsetting. The student nurses are the growing buds of our nursingprofession. The special work shop can be conducted among the postgraduate pediatric and psychiatric nursing students and alsoundergraduate nursing students .It gives dual profit such as it can

be used for the educating the parents as well as including in theclinical practice during the delivery of nursing care.


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Nursing personnel need to be aware of common childhoodpsychiatric problem. Protocol can be used to manage school phobiaamong the parents and children caregivers. Nurses also need to givemore attention to the psychological aspect of care in their delivery ofcare during the general practice. They can teach the parents aboutthe managing the school phobia.

Administration plays an essential role in delivery of holisticand quality nursing care. The function of administrator not onlyplays their role in hospital setting and also they are the right personto introduce awareness about the coping strategies of school phobia

in community setting also. A small continuing education programabout the coping strategies of school phobia will provide guidelinesfor the health care workers. The hospital policy can implement theguidelines for the nurses working in the pediatric as well aspsychiatric ward.


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Research about the coping strategies of school phobia variousguidelines protocol among nursing personnel and help theparents and school teacher to identify the psychological need ofschool children. This will increase thirst for the evidence basedpractice and effective utilization research approaches in healthpromotion.

Comparative study can be conducted between the father andmother

Comparative study can be conducted between male and female

school teachers.The study can be conducted as experimental by manipulatinginterventions.


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