Poultry Digest February/March 2012

PrintPost Approved PP243096/00007 ISSN 1444-8041

Volume 27, Number 4

February/March 2012

New technologyfingerprints 37 different mycotoxins

in feed

Murphy’s CrossingFree Range Eggs –an evolving andsuccesful family

business

AustralianPoultryScienceSymposium2012

PoultryDigest

PDFebMar2012:PDFEBMAR09 5/04/12 4:27 PM

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CHaNGe OF aDDRess FOR sUBsCRIPTIONsONLy: send details, along with the old addresslabel, to GPO Box 1846, sydney Nsw 2001(subscriptions only).aLL MaTeRIaL COPyRIGHT (editorial and advertisements)and may not be reproduced without the written consent ofthe publishers. whilst every care is taken to ensure the accuracy of the contents of POULTRy DIGesT, the pulishersdo not accept any responsibility or liability for the material herein.

editorial enquiriesPeter Bedwell or Rosemary embery0419 235 288 or 0409 944 472

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News

4 Australian Poultry Science Symposium 2012

The 23rd Australian Poultry Science Symposium (APSS) 2012, held on February19-22 at the University of Sydney Camperdown Campus, offered a record 250attendees a packed program and added new dimensions to a proven format.

18 10th Alltech APSS Breakfast

After an opening address by Alltech’s Business General Manager, Adam Naylor,the first speaker at the 10th Alltech Australian Poultry Science Symposium (APSS)Breakfast was Jorge Pena, Alltech’s Technical Manager who described the LatinAmerican commercial industry and that of Chile in particular.

32 BEC celebrates 25 years of successful operation

Brisbane based BEC Feed Solutions held a lunch on February 24 2012 at itsCarole Park facility for customers, suppliers, friends and staff to celebrate its 25thyear of operation.

10 COVeR sTORy Murphy’s Crossing Free Range eggs – an evolving and successful family business

Murphy’s Crossing Free Range Eggs, located at Wasleys in South Australia, is a successful family run business operated by Stephen and Trish Simpson. Originally thefarm was a conventional cage layer operation but has evolved into a free range configuration housing 10,000 hens in three sheds.

26 MaNaGeMeNT FeaTURe

Comparison of performance of commercial conventional and free range broilers

Comparisons of the performance of free range and conventionally housed broilerchickens are scarce. A new free range operation was recently established and an opportunity to compare its progressive performance with conventional broilers under similar management practices and nutrition was taken.

20 NUTRITION FeaTURe New technology fingerprints 37 different mycotoxins in feed

In view of changing weather and the changing volumes of grain and commodities traded internationally, mycotoxins are front of mind with many producers inAustralasia. There are more than 500 identified mycotoxins, yet until recently, the ability to test for mycotoxins has been limited to relatively few mycotoxins, and theaccuracy of some tests is considered by many to be only semi-quantitative at best.

Stephen Simpson, Murphy’s Crossing

February/March 2012Volume 27, Number 4

Contents

PoultryDigest

Vaxsafe® PM is a new product funded by the Australian Poultry CRCfor the Australian poultry farmer to help control Fowl Cholera.

This live vaccine o�ers signi�cant improvements in controlof Pasteurella multocida (PM) over previous vaccines.

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Phone (03) 9876 0567Fax (03) 9876 0556bioproperties.com.au

Vaxsafe PM

The new vaccine for Fowl Cholera

POULTRY DIGEST, February/March 2012 3

PRODUCT NEWS40 New solutions to old problems from OEC


4 POULTRY DIGEST, February/March 2012

News

The 23rd Australian Poultry ScienceSymposium (APSS) 2012, held onFebruary 19-22 at the University of SydneyCamperdown Campus, offered a record250 attendees a packed program and addednew dimensions to a proven format.

On Sunday 19, an informal AvianScience Forum held at RydgesCamperdown resulted in two thought provoking presentations from MamduhSifri (ADM Alliance Nutrition USA) andNan-Dirk Mulder, Rabobank Europe.

‘Future Challenges in the Poultryindustry – Biological and NutritionalResponse Limits’ was Mamduh’s topic.‘Crossroads for growth: changing commod-ity markets urge poultry industry tochange’, was the subject of Nan-Dirk’spaper.

Both presenters are absolutely at thetop of their game and the informal natureof the forum allowed for plenty of discussion before the drinks and snackswere served.

The evening set the tone for what wasto be a great symposium.

Judy O’Keeffe, President of the PoultryResearch Foundation (PRF) and AaronCowieson, Director of the PRF, opened theSymposion and SARDI’s Bob Hugheschaired the first session, ‘Free RangeCompared with Conventional PoultryProduction’.

There was no doubt about the factthat this subject was of vital interest – therewas hardly a spare seat in the WebsterTheatre as Birger Svihus from theNorwegian University of Life Sciencesdelivered his paper, ‘Gastrointestinal TractDevelopment: Implications for free rangeand conventional production.’

“By allowing birds access to an outdoorarea in free range poultry production, theywill be able to consume forage such asfibrous plant materials and grit stones.

“This will facilitate gizzard develop-ment potentially resulting in better nutri-ent utilisation and a bird more resistant toenteric diseases,” Dr Svihus said.

In summing up Dr Svihus pointed outthat, “birds (in free range production) willpossibly be stimulated to a more extensiveuse of the crop as an intermediate storageorgan, and that these changes could resultin improvements in nutrient utilisation.”

‘Nutritional immunity: Possible chal-lenges in free range production’, was thetopic prepared by Brooke Humphrey of

Cargill Animal Nutrition USA, but delivered by Eugeni Roura from theUniversity of Queensland.

“The objective of the study was to provide a basic understanding of nutritionalimmunology with a special emphasis onhow use of free range production systemsmay influence applicability of this approachto affect animal productivity and welfare,”Dr Ruora said.

Don Thomas from Massey UniversityNZ spoke next on the topic of ‘Influenceof whole wheat inclusion and pellet diameter on the performance and gizzarddevelopment of broilers’.

Berger Svihus got his second run of theday when he presented a paper prepared byAdam Sacranie of Nutreco Spain whosetravel plans were upset by Australia’s visarequirements.

“The effect of insoluble fibre and inter-mittent feeding on gizzard development,gut motility and performance in broilerchickens,” were the subjects of the study.

Tugrul Durali, a postgraduate studentat Sydney University, is studying the effectsof free-range production on broiler produc-tivity.

As farm manager at Red Lea Chickens,he is in a unique position to deal with thistopic as Red Lea has established new free-range broiler farms as well as expanding itsconventional tunnel ventilated fullyenclosed production.

His paper ‘Comparison of performanceof commercial conventional and free rangebroilers’, is run at length in this issue ofPoultry Digest.

The free range compared with conven-tional poultry production session continuedwith Paul Iji from University of NewEngland in the chair and the first invitedspeaker Juha Apajalahti from Alimetrics,Finland posed the question, ‘Does thecomposition of intestinal microbiota deter-mine or reflect feed conversion efficiency?’

“The importance of intestinal micro-biota for the performance of broiler chick-ens has been studied for decades,” he statedas he introduced his paper.

Robert Swick from University NewEngland revealed interesting research into‘The effect of litter material and dietaryfibre on gut development, gut microfloraand performance’.

“Results of trials indicated a perfor-mance benefit for dietary oat hulls inyoung broilers especially those reared on

australian Poultry science symposium 2012

1.Sonia Yun Liu, University of Sydney.2. Shokri Oramary, University ofQueensland. 3. Penelope Steer,University of Melbourne. 4. MichaelKidd, University of Arkansas, USA.

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News


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paper litter,” he revealed.Ken Bafundo from Phibro Animal

Health USA spoke on the topic of‘Semduramicin and nutritional responses:the effects of protein source and concentra-tion’.

Stuart Wilkinson from the Universityof Sydney has long been associated withAPSS, making sure that presentations survived digital technology and appearedon the screen in the Webster Theatre.

Now he is at the other end of that verytechnology presenting his own research:‘Exploiting the calcium specific appetite ofbroilers’.

“In this research a group of 144 Cobb500 broilers were used to investigate ifmodern broilers can regulate calciumintake using choice feeding,” he said.

“The final paper of this session waspresented by Eduardo Serrao from theUniversity of Queensland in which hedescribed “small scale poultry productionin Timor-Leste”.

“Village chickens contribute a criticalsupply of protein to families in the country,”he said.

Wayne Bryden, University ofQueensland, in the chair for the First ShortCommunication Session: Nutrition, wasmerciless with the stopwatch as 15 speakersdelivered their five-minute papers.

That they achieved this on time is acredit to their skills in delivering conciseinformation in a small package.

The final paper of the day, The AvianTaste System was delivered by EugeniRoura, who in summing up currentresearch stated that, “taste receptor researchis far behind that being conducted inmammals”.

“A thorough validation of the sequenceand expression patterns of taste related aviangenes orthologous to those known in mam-malian systems is needed,” he concluded.

On the evening of the first full day ofAPSS, the Gourmet Barbeque WelcomeReception, apart from being an opportunityto enjoy good food, liquid refreshment,catch up with old friends and make newones, is the event which sees the introduc-tion of post graduate and masters students.

This year 26 students were introduced,some already well into their studies as wellas new faces. The Poultry CRC sponsorsthis event.

On February 21 the first session of theday was devoted to ‘Feed Additives:Mythbusters’ and Aaron Cowieson was inthe chair.

The first of the keynote speakers inthis session was Michael Kidd, University

of Arkansas, USA, and in his paper askedthe question ‘Feed additives mythbusters:how should we feed synthetic aminoacids?”

In summing up and in response to thisquestion he stated that, “from an environ-mental standpoint, the inclusion of eachsubsequent amino acid (L-isoleucine and L-arginine) into broiler diets allows for formulating closer to the bird’s require-ment, which reduces overages.

“This leads to a reduction in nitrogenpollution and a likely reduction in theamount of nitrous oxide produced, whichprovides a significant portion of the CO2

equivalence in greenhouse gases,” heexplained.

Michael Bedford from AB Vista UK inthe second of the keynote mythbusterspapers, spoke about ‘Enzymes in the spot-light’.

“Over the past twenty years the use ofenzymes has been refined in practice to thepoint that in most cases they are used successfully and with a good return oninvestment,” he said.

“However some grey areas remain intheir use and in the case of phytase therehas been the association of wet litter.

“Recent work suggests that the ‘wet lit-ter effect’ may be more due to the formula-tion changes made to accommodate theenzyme rather than the use of the enzymeper se,” he concluded.

Greg Siragusa from Danisco USA inhis paper ‘Modern Probiology – Direct fedmicrobials and the avian gut microflora’introduced his paper by stating that,“Direct fed microbials (DFM) – microor-ganisms, which when fed exert beneficialeffects on poultry performance, health andimmunity, routinely demonstrate efficacyin enhanced feed conversion and growthperformance that is comparable to subther-aputic antibiotic usage,” he said.

“The mechanistic basis of the probioticis largely unknown,” he added.

“In concluding his paper Greg Siragusastated that, “though used for over a centuryDFMs were frequently disparaged by skeptics.

“From these very humble beginningshas evolved a scientific foundation tounderstand the biological mechanisms andimprove the technology of probiotics forlivestock.

“Used properly, the efficacy of modernDFMs is rarely debated. Probiotics are notantibiotics: they are a different approach toachieve efficient poultry production.

“This author considers the myth that

v

1. Michael Bedford, AB Vista. 2. IanLean, SBScibus Australia. 3. Bob Pym(left) President WPSA with TrevorBagust, President WVPA. 4. GregSiragusa, Danisco USA.

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Murphy’s Crossing Free RangeEggs – an evolving and successful family business

By PETER BEDWELL

South Australia and is still involved withthe farm that has evolved into a free rangeconfiguration housing 10,000 hens in threesheds and attached foraging paddocks.

Poultry Digest was introduced to theSimpson family and their innovative layerfarm by long time formulater of the hen’sdiets, Tina Grech, Animal Nutritionist atLienerts Australia, based at Roseworthy inSouth Australia.

Tina has supplied Murphy’s Crossingthrough its transition period to free rangeand worked with the business to obtainoptimum performance using a combinationof supplied materials and the farm’s owncrop production.

The Simpsons didn’t rush into freerange production.

“It was at least a five year process andStephen took much advice from SAARDI’sPhil Glatz whose research work in thepoultry industry is highly regarded,” Trishexplained.

A happy result of working with Philhas been that many students have been onthe farm when trials have been organised. w

Of the three sheds now in operationtwo are hoop barn designs, the first to gointo operation being an adaption of a com-mercially available shed supplied byJacksons of Murray Bridge and the second,a larger unit, was built by a local engineer-ing company Sharmans of Long Plains.

Started pullets, Hy-Line Browns, aresupplied by Scott Harley who representsHy-Line in South Australia. Stephen ishappy with both the performance of thehens and the service provided by Scott.

In the sheds the Jensen automated nestsystem has virtually eliminated any prob-lem with floor eggs, according to Stephen.A Big Dutchman chain feeder system delivers the diets and bell drinkers thewater.

With the move to free range camelower stocking densities in the shed andhoop barns and this, Stephen states, hasresulted in very low mortality rates.

The Simpsons have, by managing theirflocks, eliminated the need for antibioticuse with the exception of one outbreak ofspotty liver some time ago.

Hoop sheds are ideal for free rangehousing at Murphy’s Crossing.

Today Murphy’s Crossing FreeRange Eggs, located at Wasleys in SouthAustralia, is a successful family run businessoperated by Stephen and Trish Simpsonwith the help of sons Lachlan and Angus.

Originally the farm was a conventionalcage layer operation established back in1959 by Stephen’s father, John Simpson.

He set up the farm as an alternative todealing with miscreants as a policeman in

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12 POULTRY DIGEST February/March, 2012

Though plenty of thought has goneinto the design and equipment in the shedsthemselves and the management of the Hy-Line Brown birds in a free range environ-ment, the Simpsons’ innovation in the pad-docks is a key element in the success andsustainability of Murphy’s Crossing FreeRange eggs now and into the future.

To create a better overall environment,remediation tree planting has been under-taken and with 400 hectares there is amplescope to grow mostly winter crops – barley,clover peas and triticale have all been successfully grown and now contribute significantly to the overall diets of the hens.

The availability of significant foddercreates opportunities for Tina Grech to puther experience and the capabilities ofLienerts to use in making the most of thefeed materials grown on the Simpson’sfarm.

“Though the hot dry summer monthssignificantly reduce the ability to grow fodder crops, the low moisture levelsreduce disease risk and this combined withan isolated biosecure farm location meanthere is little or no requirement for antibi-otics,” Tina points out.

“Also for consumer appeal of theMurphy’s Crossing Brand, issues likeantibiotic and GE free feed are significantfactors in feed formulation.

“We have to take factors like this intoconsideration and formulate diets that suita variety of housing systems from large cagelayer farms to alternative systems like theSimpson’s farm,” she added.

“Stephen has experimented with deepbanding fertiliser application on their pad-docks and it appears that this practice hasresulted in improved protein levels in theirgrain crops.

“We have developed diets based onthree different rations for the age groupsegregated flocks which are early lay, midlay and late lay, all based on Hy-Line speci-fications.

“Lienerts has an NIR facility in-housewhich greatly assists in the accuracy of ourlayer nutrition program,” Tina explained.

“Obviously in the case of the Murphy’sCrossing Free Range operation, we assumea valuable forage intake during the wintermonths from crops like barley and triticale,”she added.

Good shed design, winter forage cropsand good layer performance are obviouslyvital to the success of the Simpson’s freerange business but so too is their marketingstrategy.

Building the Murphy’s Crossing FreeRange brand through a simple but effectiveweb site and regular participation at grow-ers markets, has generated plenty of bothconsumer and retailer awareness in their

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Top: Though paddocks offer little forage in summer, winter crops of barley and triticale offer variable diet opportunities. Centre: Hy-Line Brown age group segregated flocks. Above: Ability to deliver fresh eggs that suit consumer needsmeans a growing business.


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locality and further afield.“About 25% of our production sells

through the markets and the rest we deliverto our retailers within 24 hours of lay,”Stephen explained.

“We do our own grading and packingon site and pride ourselves on quick turnaround resulting in the consumer beingable to enjoy fresh eggs – this is veryimportant to us,” he said.

Having tackled optimal shed designand the growth of fodder crops as well asoverall paddock improvement, the nexttask that has attracted Stephen’s interest issustainability.

“We pride ourselves on being able toproduce our eggs with minimal powerusage and we avoid water wastage.

“In the future I would like to look atthe possibility of being able to generate atleast some of our energy requirementsthrough solar cells and utilise our roofspace to harvest rain water.

“In the next 25 years I think that ener-gy and water use will be as significant toprotein production as feed costs have beenin the last two decades,” Stephen predicted.

So where will the Murphy’s CrossingBrand go next? Well like it or not, the areain which the farm is situated will soonbecome a major development area for newhousing.

Though WA and Queensland are mostoften mentioned as the states where growthis being propelled by the minerals andenergy boom, the South Australian econo-my will also be boosted by similar factors aswell as a growing industrial and hi-techcapability.

This means that in the not too distantfuture the Simpsons could be living inclose proximity to thousands of potentialnew customers.

With 400 hectares and plenty of accu-mulated experience the family is wellplaced to expand its business to meet possi-ble future needs in a sustainable and eco-nomically viable way that suits their brandmessage.

It’s not all work on the Simpson’s farm- the family has an interesting collection ofold military vehicles including a WW2Chevy Blitz.

But Trish’s passion is for old LandRovers and lurking in one of the machinesheds is a particularly rare, running andoriginal early Series 1 Landy that almostcertainly was originally acquired for workon the Snowy Mountains Hydro Scheme.

Subsequently it may have spent sometime in military use when South Australiawas host to UK atomic tests and missile tri-als in the fifties.

Trish plans to restore it to roadworthycondition without loosing its originality.

Top: It looks simple but a lot ofresearch with SAARDI went into setting up the free range operationhousing. Centre: Stephen Simpsonwith Lienerts’ Nutritionist Tina Grech.Left: John Simspon (left) set up theoriginal farm in 1959. It was convertedby Stephen (right) to free range.Above: WWII Chevy Blitz, one of anumber of historic vehicles on thefarm.


For more information please contact: Potters Poultry, Willey Fields Farm, Willey,Rugby, Warwickshire CV23 0SQ UK Telephone: +44 (0)1455 553234 Fax: +44 (0)1455 [email protected]@potterspoultrFax: +44 (0)1455 550593elephone: +44 (0)1455 553234 T

wickshire CV23 0SQ UK ar, WRugbyRugby, W,illeyilley,illey Fields Farm, W, Wyy, WPotters Poultr

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1. Adam Naylor, Alltech’s BusinessGeneral Manager made the openingaddress at the Alltech APSS Breakfast.2. Jorge Pena, Alltech’s TechnicalManager. 3. Andreas Kocher, Alltech’sAsia Pacific Regulatory Manager.

Michael Seidel (left) from LohmannTiezucht GmbH with Dr GregUnderwood.

Call for a quote: Etienne Misfud on Mob: 0428 481 811 or 0417 481 811 Office: (02) 4774 8764

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News

10th alltech aPss Breakfast

Lohmann Layers australia to launch in 2012Inghams phases out layer breederoperation

After an opening address by Alltech’s Business General Manager, Adam Naylor,the first speaker at the 10th AlltechAustralian Poultry Science Symposium(APSS) Breakfast was Jorge Pena, Alltech’sTechnical Manager who described theLatin American commercial industry andthat of Chile in particular.

“Chile is a country with a populationof 17 million which consumes 3.42 bilioneggs annually and 27.7 kg of chicken meatper person per anum,” Jorge said.

“The country’s poultry industry is challenged by exotic diseases such as AvianInfluenza, Newcastle Disease, andSalmonella – antibiotic use is vet only andit is a particulary sensitive issue as Chileexports to the EU,” he said.

“Use of Bio Mos instead of resorting toantibiotics during nine months of the yearwhen weather is a challenge in Chile,resulted in a mortality drop from a high inmale broiler birds of 12% to 5.34% and infemale birds of 5.34% to 3.71%,” he added

“On the topic of Actigen use in trials,FCR in broiler production was reducedfrom 1.92 to 1.81 while mortalities werereduced from 3.5% to 1.79%.

“Actigen was developed on the basis ofour knowledge on yeast cell wall chemistryand the understanding of the interactionsof carbohydrates with key receptors in theintestine,” Jorge said.

“It is well established that any

production animal is faced with sub-clinicalchallenges, this challenge will lead to a pro-inflammatory immune response and ultimately a reduction in available nutrientsfor growth.

Up to 9% of dietary nutrients can berequired for the immune response.Dampening this pro-inflammatoryimmune response will make more nutrientsavailable for growth, hence permittinggrowth for the animal. This can mostnotabley be seen in a significant improve-ment in FCR.

“In summary Actigen effectively bindsbacteria with type-1 fimbriae. It is a naturalgrowth permitter developed and testedthrough the science of Nutrigenomics andit helps the animal to effectively utilisenutrients without compromising thedefences,” Jorge concluded.

Nigel Meads, Corporate AccountsManager Alltech NZ, spoke on the topicof mycotoxins in Australian and NZ live-stock production and his outline on Alltechinitiatives to deal with growing mycotoxinconcerns are covered in an article in thisissue of Poultry Digest.

Andreas Kocher, Alltech’s Asia PacificRegulatory Manager was the final speakerat the Alltech APSS Breakfast 2012 and hismain topic was catabolic reaction.

Catabolism refers to chemical reactionsresulting in the breakdown of more complexorganic molecules into simpler substances.

In a significant move for the Australianlayer industry, a new organisation headedup by Dr Greg Underwood with JoeWegryzyn as National Sales and MarketingManager will be officially launched at PIX2012.

Lohmann Layers Australia has signedan agreement with Lohman TiezuchtGmbH to distribute this leading geneticbrand in Australia.

“The launch of Lohmann Brown layerhens will offer the latest internationalgenetics to the Australian layer industry,”said Dr Underwood.

“The Lohman Brown is sold in morethan 100 countries and has proven perfor-mance in a variety of management systems,and especially in alternative and free rangeoperations,” he added.

This initiative comes at a time ofmajor change in the layer industry asInghams exits the sector and the trendtoward alternative production systems continues in 2012.

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Ingham’s Enterprises has taken the decisionto phase out its Hisex Brown CommercialLayer Breeder operation during the remainder of the fiscal year 2012.

The Hisex customers have been advisedand the phase out is progressing smoothly.

Ingham’s Stockfeed (Layer Feeds) salesremain unchanged. Contact Joe Wegrzynfor any further enquiries 0407 261 922.

Business relationships are forged overmany years. Ingham’s Enterprises wishes tothank everyone for their ongoing supportand friendship in the past, and during thistime of change.


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NUTRITION FEATURE

New technology fingerprints 37 different mycotoxins in feedBy NIGEL MEADS, Corporate Accounts Manager, Alltech New Zealand

In light of the changing climatic patterns and adverse weather in Australia,New Zealand and the rest of the world,producers are experiencing more difficultieswith mycotoxin contamination in rawmaterials.

In view of this changing weather andthe changing volumes of grain and commodities traded internationally, mycotoxins are front of mind with many producers in Australasia.

There are more than 500 identifiedmycotoxins, yet until recently, the ability totest for mycotoxins has been limited to relatively few mycotoxins, and the accuracyof some tests is considered by many to beonly semi-quantitative at best.

Mycotoxins can have negative conse-quences on the profitability of animal production operations. With recent poorharvest conditions throughout Australiaand New Zealand, it is clear that there is aneed for a wide ranging assessment technology to assist producers make decisions in the face of threat.

Recently in Sydney, representativesfrom the poultry industries in bothAustralia and New Zealand were given aninsight into the latest establishment of newtechnologies that will equip them withaccurate assessments of mycotoxins in theirfeedstuffs.

Traditional methodology has usedeither enzyme linked immune-suppressionassays (ELISA) or thin layer chromatogra-phy (TLC). Both these technologies havehad their limitations, potentially leading toan underestimation of toxicity in feed.

A new technology has been developedby Alltech, a company that is well poised todeliver breakthroughs in the area of myco-toxins. Having supported the research the-sis of 16 PhD and 19 Masters students, thecompany has over 60 peer reviewed articlespublished utilising both in vitro and invivo models.

Following on from a research programat its US bioscience centre, Alltech hasdeveloped exclusive methodologies to

analyse the presence of mycotoxins throughthe use of liquid chromatography doublemass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to finger-print mycotoxins both in raw materials andin feed.

Termed 37+, this new approach confersseveral advantages over other technologies;• up to 37 toxins are both identified andquantified in a single test.• the 37+ programme helps detect ‘maskedmycotoxins’ – mycotoxins joined to sugarmolecules that are otherwise missed by traditional methodology. This exposes amore accurate picture of the true toxicity ofthe feed. • rapid analysis, needing only a 16 minuterun time of the equipment, which meansresults are relevant.• Accurate to parts per billion, meaning nosecond guessing is required on the marginsof error.• 37+ can be done on complete feed.Traditional tests lose accuracy when testinga compound feed, now producers havemore flexibility in monitoring.• The 37+ programme allows for the iden-tification of the so called ‘silage’ mycotoxingroup. This is only the second testing facility in the world with this capacity, theother being a research laboratory inScandinavia.

The silage mycotoxins are unfortunately

mis-named. They appear in all feed types,not just silage. In fact, in a recent survey ofNorth American feeds and raw materials,25 from 72 samples had the silage myco-toxin group present, and of those, 21 samples were not silage.

To date, survey work completed inSouth Asia, North America and Europe hasturned up surprising findings.

One phenomenon was the presence ofmultiple toxins. In fact, over 60% of samples in North America containedbetween two and 10 toxins in a single sample.

At the time of writing, current surveywork has been commissioned and is under-way on the 2012 harvest of Australiangrains.

Work on the 37+ programme contin-ues, by constantly researching the futureexpansion of testing beyond 37 mycotox-ins, and with more facilities being estab-lished throughout the Asia Pacific region.

The 37+ programme forms one part ofa four pronged approach that collectivelymakes the Alltech Mycotoxin Managementprogram.

The presentation in Sydney of the 37+programme generated discussion on a topicthat is relevant to all animal producers.Different regional surveys conducted byAlltech show that mycotoxins are anunavoidable risk in animal production.

The 37+ programme offers an excitingnew level of quantification that will helpthe producers make the best decisions inthe face of challenge.

Nigel Meads, Alltech New Zealand.

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On February 23 following APSS 2012, agroup of representatives from feed andpoultry producers in key Asian markets visited the Poultry Research Foundation atthe Camden Campus of the University ofSydney.

Following this the group proceeded toa Red Lea Chickens contract broiler farmat Marulan NSW.

The event was organized by Dr DavidCresswell, principal of Cresswell Nutritionand sponsored by AB Vista. The visitorsincluded representatives from Malaysia(Federal Flour Mill and GymtechFeedmill), Charoen Pokphand, (CP)Indonesia, AB Vista (Singapore &Thailand) and from Thailand, PNP,Sunfeed, Betagro, Topfeed, Thai Food,Varluaid, and CP.

Liberato Castro from Crown PacificBiotechnology, Singapore was also in thegroup.

At the Camden Campus Dr AaronCowieson, head of the Poultry ResearchFoundation and Dr Cresswell welcomedguests and after explaining the researchwork being undertaken by the research unitthe group was shown specific research

projects and visited the feed mill atCamden.

There was a lot of interest in Australianpoultry diets including the use of wholewheat and canola meal. In the SE Asianpoultry sector corn soy diets dominate butas corn costs rise other raw materials arenow more frequently being adopted indiets throughout the SE Asian poultry sectors.

After lunch at the Camden site visitorswere taken to the Marulen broiler farm runby Steve and Keely Lichtenberger whereSydney University post graduate researcherand Red Lea Farming Manager TugrulDurali explained typical features of a

News

asian representatives visit Poultry Research Foundation, Camden

modern Australian broiler farm.“Each of the six sheds has a Skov

computer system tunnel ventilation andhouse up to 45000 birds, “Tugrulexplained.

“Arne Overgard from Skov Australiajoined us for a brief explanation about theSkov tunnel computer system.

“Another reason for the visit was todiscuss wheat based diet and the benefits ofwhole wheat addition.

“We talked about broiler productionin Australia overall with a focus on wheatand sorghum based diets and specificallythe effect of whole wheat addition post pellet on GIT,” Tugrul concluded.

Top: The group at University of Sydney Camden Campus and (centre left)at the Marulen broiler farm belonging to Steve and Keely Lichtenberger.Centre right: Aaron Cowieson explains wheat and sorghum based diets atCamden feed mill. Right: Dr David Creswell (Creswell Nutrition), StuartWilkinson and Aaron Cowieson, Sydney University. Above: The Marulen 6shed farm has 45,000 birds per shed with Skov controllers.



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MANAGEMENT FEATURE

Comparison of performance of commercial conventional

and free range broilersBy T. DURALI*, P. GROVES and AJ COWIESON

Comparisons of the performance offree range and conventionally housed broiler chickens are scarce.

A new free range operation was recentlyestablished and an opportunity to compareits progressive performance with conven-tional broilers under similar managementpractices and nutrition was taken.

Growth, mortality and feed conversionof eight paired batches of broilers from thesame breeder flocks and hatchery in a similar geographical location over 16months was compared.

Although the initial batch performanceof the free range sheds was similar to conventional, the free range performancedemonstrated a continuous decline, withslower growth, higher mortality and deteri-orating feed conversion efficiency overtime. The implications for the industryand consumer and the need to betterunderstand the reasons for this poorer per-formance are discussed.

IntroductionFarm animal welfare is an important

subject in higher income countries particu-larly in the EU, Switzerland, Canada,Australia, New Zealand and the USA especially for commercial poultry production.

It has been demonstrated that there is astrong relationship between Gross NationalIncome and Animal Welfare Legislation(Van Horne and Achterbosch, 2008).According to Bennett’s (1996) study, 21%of respondents were ‘very concerned’ andanother 60% were ‘concerned’ about thewelfare and mistreatment of farm animalsin food production.

Harper and Makatouni (2002) reportedthat the two main reasons behind the pur-chasing of free range products were animalwelfare and a perceived health benefit.

Consumers identify free range productsas more advanced than conventional prod-ucts in terms of health benefits.

Free range broiler production is in its

infancy in Australia but is growing rapidly.In the mid-1990s in Victoria, it was estimated that free range broiler productionper week was around 1000 birds, with totalbroiler production around 171,000 perweek (less than 1% of total broiler produc-tion) (Dixon, 2002).

In 2006, free-range broiler productionaccounted for 4% of total broiler produc-tion and today it is around 15% of totalbroiler production (ACMF, 2011).

Free-range broiler production is associ-ated with poorer bird performance, higher

feed conversion and higher mortality com-pared with conventional broiler produc-tion. This ‘performance gap’ is not wellunderstood but is thought to be as a resultof poorer digestive health, coccidiosis anddysbacteriosis challenge, nutritional inade-quacy and variable pasture consumption.

These performance challenges con-tribute to poor economic sustainability inthe industry.

It is the purpose of this paper todescribe performance of free-range andconventionally-reared broilers at the samelocation, under commercial productionconstraints.

Comparative benchmarking is animportant prerequisite to further exploratoryempirical or mechanistic research.

Materials and methodsTwo farms from the same geographical

area (1.5 km apart) were selected in orderto compare flock performance over time.Placements of day old chicks were synchro-nized as much as possible using the samedonor flocks.

Both farms received an identically formulated diet from the same feed milldiffering only in that the free-range dietdid not contain in-feed antibiotics as perthe requirements of Free Range Egg &Poultry Australia (FREPA, 2009). w

Table 1: Mortality rates by age and production system

ProductionSystem

Free Range

Conventional

P value <

RMSE

0-7 d.

1.262

1.032

0.06

0.2245

0-14 d.

2.025

1.482

0.01

0.3087

0-21 d.

2.806

1.798

0.001

0.3922

0-28 d.

3.819

2.180

0.001

0.7076

0-35 d.

5.281

2.893

0.01

1.2547

Differences between growth rates for each production system were significantonly from day 28-35, resulting in an interaction (P<0.01) between age andproduction system.

Tugrul Durali



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MANAGEMENT FEATURE Dead birds were collected and recorded

daily. Birds on both farms were weighed at7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days. Feed conversionwas calculated at the end of each batch foreach farm and corrected to 2.45 kg liveweight to be able to compare differentkilling age and final weights. Data wereentered into an Excel spreadsheet andexported to JMP v.8 (SAS Software).

Production system and age were usedas leverage terms in a least square model toexplore the main effects of both and inter-actions between the two on body weightand mortality.

As FCR was only known for a wholebatch (not by age) the main effect of production system only was explored.Significance was set at P < 0.05 and wheredifferences existed means were separatedusing Tukeys HSD.

Results The effects of age and production

system on mortality rate and body weightare shown in Tables 1 and 2. There was asignificantly higher mortality for free-rangecompared with conventional production.Mortality rates for the first week did notdiffer between production systems.However mortality rates from the secondweek and thereafter were significantly different.

Differences in mortality especially inthe second week were mostly the result ofyolk sac infection. Antibiotic treatment isnot allowed in free range broiler produc-tion due to FREPA regulations. On theother hand, in a few batches, predatorattacks occurred (mostly chicken hawks),and resulted in high mortality due to pack-up in the free range broiler farm when freerange broilers had range access.

Discussion and conclusions That free range production systems

return poorer performance in broiler chickens has been previously observed.Weeks et al. (1994) showed that conven-tionally reared broilers had heavier (4.49 ±0.08kg) body weight than free range broil-ers (4.08 ± 0.08kg) at ten weeks of age.

This performance gap was attributed tothe fact that free range broilers performwalking, running and ground peckingbehaviours more often than conventionallyreared broilers and so the poor performancewas associated with increased activity.

The results of the study by Weeks et al.(1994) are comparable to the results presented herein where, at 35d, bodyweights of the conventional birds werearound 7.5% greater than their free-rangecounterparts (Table 2).

Extrapolating the results from the

v current study to the free range broilerindustry in Australia, the impact of thishigher FCR in free range production wouldcost around $8,000,000 per year. Further,the higher mortality in free-range systemsmay be indicative of stronger disease challenges and/or metabolic disorders.

Considerable demand exists for chickenmeat that has been produced under free-range systems and this is expected to growin the foreseeable future. This demand ispartially emotive and linked to anthropo-morphic interpretation of intensive animalpractice.

However, the performance gap is sub-stantial and may not be sustainable in thelong-term. The reasons for this perfor-mance gap are obscure and further researchis required to delineate the effects of theabsence of antibiotic growth promoters andthe effects of range access.

A greater appreciation for the challenges that free-range broilers face,whether immunological, nutritional orbehavioural, will allow more appropriateand strategic intervention by producers onone or all of these axes.

AckowledgementsThe authors gratefully acknowledge the

assistances of free range farm managersNoelene Lewis, Graeme Stewart and conventional farm owner Mark Attard. Thestudy could not have been conducted with-out the support of Red Lea Chickens andthe Poultry CRC.

References:ACMF (2011)http://www.chicken.org.au/page.php?id=6 Bennett RM, (1996) Animal Welfare, 5, 3-11. Dixon J, (2002) The Changing Chicken.University of New South Wales Press Ltd. Pp89-90. FREPA (2009)http://www.frepa.com.au/standards/meat-standards/ Harper GC, Makatouni A, (2002) BritishFood Journal, 104, 2887-299 Van Horne PLM, Achterbosch TJ, (2008)World’s Poultry Science Journal, 64, 40-52. Weeks CA, Nicol CJ, Sherwin CM, KestinSC, (1994) Animal Welfare, 3, 179-192.

*Tugrul Durali is a post graduate researcherat the University of Sydney, Camden Campusand this research for his PhD has been supported by the Poultry CRC.

He is also the Broiler Manager for RedLea Chickens and qualified as a vet inTurkey. He worked in the growing poultryindustry there before coming to Australia.

Table 2: Bird live weights by age

Table 3: Effect of production system on feed conversion rate and growth rate

ProductionSystem

Free Range

Conventional

P value <

RMSE

Production System

Free Range

Conventional

P value <

RMSE

FCR Corrrected to 2.45 kg

1.975

1.874

0.05

0.067

Age Corrrected to 2.45 kg(days)43.25

41.20

0.05

1.551

7 d.

151

156

NS

10.776

14 d.

398

419

NS

25.674

21 d.

803

816

NS

43.674

28 d.

1283

1318

NS

45.485

35 d.

1776

1917

0.001

65.129

FCR corrected to 2.45kg body weight was higher (P<0.05) in the free rangeproduction compared to the conventional production (Table 3). Growth ratewas significantly slower in the free range system than in the conventional production system. Birds in the free range production system required 2 moredays to reach 2.45 kg body weight than those in the conventional system.



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How can the poultry industry keep up with the increasing demandfor poultry meat and also stay profitable in a world where trans-parency and sustainability are paramount?

Alltech’s 28th Annual International Symposium, held May 20 –23 in Lexington, Kentucky, aims to answer this question by lookingat solutions from the areas of nutrition and genetics, and fromhighly successful poultry regions in the world.

“Poultry meat has a fantastic reputation for being one of theworld’s healthiest and most versatile products. This has resulted in arise in global demand and also an increasing consumer focus onfood safety, animal welfare and environmental impact,” said NickAdams, co-chair of the poultry seminar.

“At this year’s Symposium the focus will be on maintainingconsumer confidence while sustaining profitability. Both are essential if this industry is to grow at the rate necessary to meetglobal needs.”

Poultry focussed session topics will include:• Smarter Feed Solutions to Start your Birds Better – The facts. • What do Birds Really Need? – The Brazilian perspective on realnutrient requirements, so different from ours. • Reaching New Limits – Genetic advances in poultry and the challenge for nutritionists. • Econometrics – Delivering more eggs by delivering the rightnutrients at the right time.

The 2012 Symposium will be the forum for more than 100presentations by industry experts.

Among the speakers at the poultry session will be Peter Ferket,North Carolina State University, USA; Osler Desouzart, ODConsulting, Planning and Strategy, Brazil; Gertrudes Corção,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and BillWilliams, Tegel Foods, New Zealand.

Looking to 2050’s burgeoning population, Alltech’s 2012Symposium will focus on ideas for better use of resources,improved business practices and natural nutritional solutions.

New in 2012, breakout sessions will include legal, marketing,information technology and designer food in addition to the popular aquaculture, beef, dairy, equine, poultry, pig, pet and regulatory-focused offerings.

The event is expected to draw more than 2,500 delegates fromaround the world making it the industry’s largest symposium. Tosecure your place at the 2012 Alltech Annual InternationalSymposium, visit www.alltech.com/symposium or contact [email protected].

Act now to save 20% on registration through April 14.

NEWS

Balancing profitability and comsumer demands at alltech’s 28th International symposium

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Potters Poultry International was recentlyawarded the Manufacturers Seal ofApproval by the American HumaneAssociation for their bird welfare friendlyAviary the Avitier 125-4 + Avinest.

Potters has been making and design-ing aviary systems for more than 22 yearsand this is the latest in the design basedon work carried out on their own farmsand customers around the World.

The Seal was presented to Potters atthe IPE 2012 in Atlanta recently by KathiBrock – Senior Director and Will GillisTechnical Co coordinator for the FarmAnimal Program.

“We are extreamly pleased to achievethe high standards set by the AmericanHumane Association for equipment andwe see this as an endorsement of theresearch we have done in producing aunique, welfare friendly multi-tier systemand nest boxes,” said Mike Button,Export Manager for Potters Poultry

International. “With the changing market to

welfare friendly systems in America we look forward to working further with the industry and AmericanHumane.

Go to [email protected] formore information on these products.

Auspac Ingredientshas appointedHarun Rashid

American Humane Association awardsSeal of Approval to Potters Poultry

AusPac ingredientshas appointedHarun Rashid asManager –TechnicalServices.

Harun qualifiedas a Veterinarian(DVM, 2002) inBangladesh.

After gradua-tion he worked forSquare Pharmaceuticals Ltd (2004 –2009) in the department of VeterinaryTechnical Services and ProductManagement.

He then joined Rivalea (Australia)Pty Ltd (2009 – 2011) where he had theopportunity to work in a large integratedpig production system.

Harun remained at Rivalea until hisenrolment in Veterinary Science atCharles Sturt University.

Overall he has seven years of solidexperience working in intensive poultryand pig production.

LtoR: Justin Potter, Mike Button of PottersPoultry with Kathi Brook and Will Gillis ofAmerican Humane Association.



Brisbane based BEC Feed Solutions held a lunch on February 24th2012 at its Carole Park facility for customers, suppliers, friends andstaff to celebrate its 25th year of operation.

Originally established as Brisbane Export Company, an exporttrader of rural commodities, mainly to Europe and Asia, back in1985, the company quickly developed into a domestic supplier.

Richard Reeder one of the founder members of the original andon-going enterprise, described the early days when 3 family groupswith an investment of $10,000 each.

“Our slender resources taught real fiscal diligence as we grew thebusiness,” he said.

“We sent out 8000 letters, got 400 replies which we converted to20 customers in an era when the phone and telex where, apart fromthe mail, the main means of communication.

“Having achieved the original goal of establishing an export ori-ented company the partners were bought out and the businesschanged into a domestic feed supply organization,”Mr Reeder said.

“In 1988 a premix blending facility was established at Carole Parkto be an adjunct to the development and expansion of the feed ingre-dient and additive product portfolio: further expansion took placewhen we acquired an adjacent property and opened a new office andwarehouse facility in 1998.

“Our manufacturing operation was rebuilt in 2005 and thisnot only modernised and greatly increased our production capacitybut enabled us to implement process control and state of the artconcepts that further tightened our quality assurance and auto-mated traceability.

“We aimed to achieve QA systems that would satisfy pharma-cutical rather than feed industry standards,” he said.

“In 2007 we acquired the Adisseo Australia premix and addi-tive business in Carole park and in 2009 this site was designated adedicated non-medicated site, making it the only premixing facility in Australia with this feature.

“Now with a staff of more than 50, many of whom have beenwith us since early days we have developed a business that by giving good service, has grown along with the growers we supply,”Mr Reeder explained.

“Tony Reynolds our finance officer, for instance, has beenwith us for 22 years.

“Our growth through the last 25 years has not been withoutits challenges, including merging companies and a period in thelate 1980s when interest rates hit 23%.

“Every so often we have had to focus on why we are here andhow we intend to face the future, “he said.

“We could not have got to where we are without the help ofour suppliers, consultants, and yes- our bank.

Brett Antonio, the current Managing Director of BEC FeedSolutions said that “Richard Reeder’s optimistic outlook on life

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NEWS

BeC celebrates 25 years of successful operation

CONTINUED ON PAGE 43 w

Richard Reeder left) and Brett Antonio, current ManagingDirector of BEC Feed Solutions.



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NEWSCommercial free range broiler farm sold for $3.06 million

Colliers International Rural & Agribusinesshas sold a quality commercial free rangebroiler farm located approximately 58 kilo-metres north of Adelaide near Mallala for$3,060,000 and in a separate transaction,the former ‘Pro Poultry’ chicken processingplant at Tailem Bend for $300,000.

“The free range broiler farm known as‘Banero’ was being marketed online onlywhen an approach was made by a motivatedprivate buyer,” said Jesse Manuel, Rural &Agribusiness Executive at ColliersInternational.

He said there is increasing activity inthe general market place for poultry industryassets and most of this is occurring off-market or with limited marketing.

“As well as existing producers andagribusiness funds, there are several partiesfrom outside the industry looking at invest-ment in the sector.”

Mr Manuel said Banero Broiler Farm isa quality chicken grow-out complex whichcurrently operates as a free range farm andcomprises a total land area of approximately50.49 hectares.

“The broiler operation consists of sixclimate controlled tunnel sheds and is contracted to Baiada Poultry, Australia’slargest chicken meat processor.

“This is a significant commercial farm-ing operation, modern compared to manyother broiler farms recently offered to themarket and well located within close prox-imity to Baiada’s processing facility,” hesaid.

“This was an opportunity to secure aproperty with an instant cash flow with agood balance of lifestyle and business.”

In a separate transaction, Mr Manuelsaid the former ‘Pro Poultry’ property wassold to a local investor for $300,000 afterbeing offered for sale late last year.

The property is located approximately100 kilometres east of Adelaide at TailemBend and comprises a site area of approxi-mately 45,980sq m.

“The improvements were constructedover 2006 to 2007 and designed to processup to 50,000 birds (chickens) per week,”he said.

According to Mr Manuel, Australia’spoultry industry continues to emerge as akey sector for property investors as globaldemand for poultry products helps to driveindustry growth.

If you would like to advertise in the

PIX Preview edition of POULTRY

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call (02) 4368 2220 or

Mobile: 0419 235 288.


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News

Santrev, one of Australia’s leading poultryhouse builders, is well on the way to meet-ing the tight build timelines at theIngham’s South Australia Hamley Bridgebreeder complex.

The 4 farms at the complex will bemore than tripled in capacity and are dueto be completed in the middle of the year;bringing the monumental project of building new sheds and refurbishing theold sheds to a close.

Farm number one was completed ontime and within budget in November withthe first batch of breeders having beenplaced.

Steve Buckley, Inghams Breeder ServicePerson said “the Santrev team has beenmaking excellent progress.

“We have very tight timelines for allfour farms.

“Santrev has been fantastic, working onthree farms simultaneously with up to 80

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Interior of shed number one at Hamley Bridge breeder complex with Jansen nestsytems and packers, Skov controllers and drinkers and mini-vents from FarmMark.



men across the sites. Our CEO KevinMcBain inspected the first farm and wasvery impressed”.

Santrev Director, Garry Sanday who isoverall construction manager, made thedecision to relocate to live near the site forthe duration of the project to ensure therewas hands-on, experienced control, underwhich the project is thriving.

“This project is very important toInghams and to us and we wanted to makesure that we delivered on all our undertak-ings and build a world class breeder facilityto support Inghams in South Australia,”Garry said.

“Santrev was selected by Inghamsbecause of our outstanding success indesigning and bringing large and complexdevelopment projects on time and withinbudget,” Garry said.

“The current success of the project hasnot come without setbacks, but any con-cerns have and will continue to be metwith lasting enthusiasm.”

“There has been some interesting issuesto solve, for instance, the conversion of theexisting breeder sheds to full tunnel,extending them and marrying in the oldwith the new as well as planning for thefull conversion to automated egg collection, packing and storage,” Garrycontinued.

“This is contained within the require-ments of a fully biosecure, shower in/show-er off facility.”

“The redeveloped complex will safe-guard Ingham’s fertile egg production forthe state into the future.

“In an ever more frequent role, Santrevwas engaged as the prime contractor allowing Inghams to only have to deal withone supplier.

“This meant that Santrev took on overall responsibility for all the sub-contractors and equipment suppliers,”Garry said.

“We have worked closely with Inghamsto ensure we are delivering a facility thatwill perform and be reliable for now andwell into the future at high efficiency.

“Products specified include Jansen nestsystems and packers and VDL chain feeders and feed pans supplied through ourexisting arrangements; SKOV controllersand drinkers and mini-vents suppliedthrough FarmMark.

“This will be a facility to rival any ofthe best in the world and we at Santrev arevery proud to be a part of it”.

News

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News

PIX 2012 running from 20-23 May 2012 at the Gold CoastConvention Centre features the trade show with more than 100exhibitors booked for the event.

“This is by far he biggest trade show ever put on for the poultry and stockfeed industries in Australia and in fact twice thesize of PIX 2010 (the first to be held at the Gold CoastConvention Centre).

“In fact, the trade show has come to be seen as a must doevent for suppliers to the poultry industry,” said Rod Jenner,President of the PIX organizing committee.

The Tunnel Ventilation Workshop on Wednesday 23rd May2012 is back by popular demand.

Run by Mike Czarick with Brian Fairchild (University ofGeorgia US), the one day tunnel ventilation management work-shop is aimed at meat chicken growers, though some sections willbe useful to egg producers.

“Mike and Brian will lead discussion about getting the mostfrom your equipment, understanding your flock’s requirements,managing ventilation in various climatic scenarios and innovationin shed design,” revealed Rod.

“In the past this event has been booked out so it is importantto book as soon as possible (www.pix.org.au/program/workshops)to ensure a place,” Rod added.

During the two days of PIX/AMC 2012, a number of freeworkshops will be conducted, covering areas such as breeder management, hatchery management and disease investigation allrun by leaders in their field

“For breeders, Dr Keith Bramwell from the University ofArkansas will lead workshops discussing how to optimise egg quality and viability – with a maximum of 50 attendees per work-shop (one and half hours repeated x 4) there will be plenty ofopportunity to get your questions answered,” Rod said.

PIX 2012 Trade show – morethan 100 exhibitors

Dr Kevin Whithear accepts his 2012 Australian Poultry Awardfrom Julie Roberts at the APSS Dinner. Professor Whithearhas made an outstanding contribution to Poultry Sciencethroughout his career and has also played an important roleas an unselfish mentor to colleagues, helping the develop-ment of their careers.

“Scott Martin from Cobb Vantress will again lead our successfulhatchery workshop (1 hour sessions x 4) and the groups are limited to27 participants.

“”Ask a Vet – four of Australia’s leading poultry veterinarians aremaking themselves available to lead discussions on disease manage-ment in both chicken meat and layer flocks.

“These workshops are for farmers and technical service personnel.“Check the times for these workshops in your programs of events:

bookings are not essential but advise us early if you want to guaranteeyour place,” Rod suggested.

The key message apart from resolving to attend the biggest PIXever in 2012 is to plan early so that you achieve the maximum benefitfrom what’s on offer be it talking to suppliers at the trade show orattending one of he special interest workshops.

Got to www.pix.org.au to book.



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OEC has recently introduced some newproducts that offer a solution to longstanding problems in broiler sheds.

The first is algae and scale in coolingpad systems which lower efficiency andultimately lead to expensive pad replace-ment.

The answer, according to MartinSimmons, Managing Director of OEC isfirstly OEC BioStrip, “which eliminatesalgae from within the pads, without thedamage that can be inflicted by chlorineuse in algae control”.

“Then OEC ScaleStrip prevents thebuild up of mineral scale in the cooling padpipes and tanks that restricts water flow:this two stage approach will increase theworking life of the pads and save on costlyreplacement, “Mr Simmons said.

“It’s not high tech or expensive, youjust add OEC BioStrip and ScaleStrip tothe cool pad basin once a month.

“The strips dissolve slowly over the firstmonth releasing the ingredients that eliminate algae and scale: these chemicalsare safe to use for birds and animals.

“Once scale is under control, the OECScaleStrip needs only to be added to thewater supply every two months.

“Each OEC BioStrip and OECScaleStrip covers 25 linear metres of cool-ing pad length,” Mr Simmons stated.

The other problem tackled by OEC isPoultry shed heating.

“Poultry shed heating presents riskssuch as fire hazard, fumes and attendentrisk to both birds and farm staff, as well asserious financial and production implica-tions,” warned Martin Simmons fromOEC.

“One solution is the new OEC ‘Ozi-Heat’ heat exchange and destratificator system which eliminates shed fire risk byusing external heating systems with waterheat exchange transfer to the sheds,” hesaid.

“In each shed the destratificator systemtakes the hotter air from the shed roof,passes it through the heat exchange thendelivers the hot air at ground level.

“This operation delivers the freshestand warmest air to the chickens, and at thesame time flushes away ammonia odours.

“The OEC Ozi-Heat system simplytakes advantage of the phenomena of hotair rising by drawing the hottest air in theshed, at roof level, into the heat exchangeand delivering it at ground level.

“OEC is the Australian distributor forthe critical components of the systemwhich are manufactured in Italy.

“While the heat exchange system is primarily designed for oil or gas burningpower sources it has potential for burningshed related products including old oil orused chook litter so it offers a ‘green’ aswell as a safe shed heating solution,”Martin concluded.

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News


There are no overall performance advantages associated with free range production, said Dr Kenneth Anderson,Department of Poultry Science, NorthCarolina State University, during the EggProduction Workshop at the 2012 MidwestPoultry Federation Convention in St. Paul,Minnesota in the US.

The workshop presented study resultsconducted at the Piedmont ResearchStation comparing free range, cage-free andconventional egg production.

The study observed the performance,egg quality and component percentages ofeggs from hatch mates of two commercialbrown egg strains and a heritage strainamong the three housing environments.Man-hour requirements and beak trim-ming were also examined. The birds withinall three environments were raised with thesame rearing program.

Eggs produced by the hens with fullfree range access had no quality advantage,but there were differences associated withthe yolk color and shell strength, with thefree range hens producing eggs with darkerpigmentation of the yolk material.

The cage-free hens produced eggs withthe lowest percentage of blood spots. Otherquality factors were similar between allthree environments.

Beak trimming appears to positivelyimpact production characteristics, accord-ing to Anderson, which favors the continued use of beak trimming to controlcannibalism mortality and feather peckingin egg layers. Mortality was the highest

among the free range hens at 22%.Moving from intensive to extensive

production systems requires significantincreases in time commitments: a 45%increase in man-hours from conventionalto cage-free, a 279% increase in man-hoursfrom conventional to free range, and 161%increase in man-hours from cage-free tofree range.

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efficiency and longevity key to success ofGasolec G12 shed heaters

Dr Kenneth Anderson.

Martyn Templeton, Sales Manager atGameco for livestock heaters, reports newinterest in the Gasolec G12 Radiant SpaceHeater.

“The heater, made in Holland, is ofexcellent quality and built to withstand theoften corrosive atmosphere typical of poultry housing.

“Stainless steel is used in the construc-tion of the Gasolec G12 unit which nowhas Australian Gas Association (AGA)approval,” Martyn said.

“Though a compact heater that is easyand simple to install (or move location inthe shed), it has a 45 megajoule capacityand is designed to deliver even heat distrib-ution to a diameter of up to 12 metres.

“There are two models; a stand aloneoption and a unit suitable for centralisedcontrol via a typical modern computer

based shedcontrol system,” he added.

“Theheater has been in service throughout thepoultry industry for many years and thereputation of the Gasolec G12 just contin-ues to grow and the fact that Gameco,Australian agents for the product, main-tains a comprehensive stock of spares forour heaters ensures that they continue todeliver excellent service over a long lifespan,” Martyn explained.

“When first introduced, the initial costof the Gasolec G12 was sometimes an issuebut now as the reputation of the heatergrows customers appreciate that theirinvestment has resulted in sustainedlongevity as well as efficiency,” he said.



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HEALTH FEATURE

Biofilm and water quality – why arethey gaining importance in modernpoultry production systems?Supplied by CHRISTINE CLARK, Auspac Ingredients Pty Ltd

What is Biofilm? Biofilm is agelatinous tough layer consisting of cellsimmobilized in an organic polymer matrixof microbial origin.

Biofilms are collections of microorgan-isms (ie bacteria, yeasts, and protozoa) thatform on a hard surface with the presence ofwater.

Some examples of biofilms are theplaque that forms on teeth and the slimethat forms on surfaces in watery areas surrounded by slimy secretions. Over 90%of all bacteria live in biofilms.

Formation of biofilmBiofilm development is a result of

successful attachment and subsequentgrowth of micro-organisms on a surface.Biofilm harbours colonies of pathogenicbacteria.

Biofilm formation is a multi stepprocess whereby bacteria adhere to equip-ment surfaces, surround themselves with aprotective layer of polysaccharides andgrow into a network of microcolonies andwater channels (Geldreich & Rice, 1987).

Three development phases:1) The surface is modified by attachmentof organic molecules (eg. glucose, milk, vitamins etc.)2) Reversible attachment of microbes to theorganic layer and colonization3) Irreversible attachment and biofilm formation. In a mature biofilm, the cellsare organized into columns surrounded bylarge void spaces that form channels tocarry nutrients (O2) deep into the biofilm

Thus enclosed watering systemsdesigned to keep birds and animals healthy,turn into the sources of delivery of

pathogen rich water.

Detrimental effects of biofilmsSeveral investigators have shown that

the multiplication of micro-organisms inbiofilms along the distribution systemsresults in the deterioration of the bacterio-logical quality of drinking water, the devel-opment of odour or colour as well as theacceleration of the phenomenon of corro-sion within the pipe network (Nagy &Olson, 1985).

The most alarming results of biofilmformation are the presence and multiplica-tion of pathogenic and opportunisticpathogens such as Escherichia coli,Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas,Mycobacteria, Campylobacter, Klebesiella,Aeromonas, Legionella spp., Helicobacterpylori and occurring within the biofilms(Engle et al., 1980; Wadowsky et al., 1982;Burke et al., 1984; Mackey et al., 1998)

Problems caused by biofilms• Clogging of pipes and water filters andnipple drinkers. This can cause the drinkersto leak.• Poor water flow leading to higher watertemperatures, low flushing effect and limited water supply to the animals• Can cause proliferation of diseases mainlydue to the source of E. coli and Salmonella• Can form almost anywhere that water ispresent, including water and liquid feedchannels• Extra cost for maintenance and cleaning

Control and prevention of biofilms• By preventing the initial adhesion of bacteria, but practically very difficult• By decreasing humidity, reducing leaksfrom pipes and improving poor drainage • By allowing the surface to dry on whichthe biofilm is formed. This is effective butdifficult to perform.• By removing biofilms once they have



NEWSbusiness have to worry about shareholder returns, potentialtakeovers, or worse (maybe), lack of interest in being takenover!

Those behind BEC Feed Solutions have basically taken thelong term view and 25 years on that view has got them towhere they want to be.

It is often said that one of the reasons for the rise of Asian success in global business is that where western oriented devel-oped economies think in terms of five years, in Asia there maybe a five year plan but its just part of a 25 year philosophy.

Twenty five years on since the Brisbane Export Companyopened its doors as a commodity trader with just $30,000 tosupport the business, it has developed into an organisation thatoccupies a commanding position in its chosen sector – the livestock industry.

formed. This is difficult to achieve but is the only current practicalapproach in poultry housing.• By proper cleaning and disinfection by Chlorine, Hydrogen Peroxideetc. Chlorine has limited use due to inherent odour and a negativeeffect on live vaccine and medications. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) willeffectively remove the biofilm, but is very unstable.• Control and prevention can be achieved successfully once the system iscleared of biofilms by frequent and routine sanitation of the system witheffective organic acid products designed for this purpose.

Sources:http://www.biofilmsonline.comAHMAD et al. / J. Agri. Soc. Sci., Vol. 4, No. 2, 2008.Biofilm Formationand Drinking Water Quality in Relation to Escherichia coli at CommercialPoultry Farms:Lehtola, M.J., T. Juhna and I.T. Miettinen, 2004. Formation of biofilm indrinking water distribution networks, a case study in two cities in Finlandand Latvia. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 31: 489–94Mackay, W.G., L.T. Gribbon, M.R. Barer and D.C. Reid, 1998.Biofilms indrinking water systems – A possible reservoir for Helicobacterpylory. WaterSci. Technol., 38: 181–5

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had instilled decades of loyalty in BEC staff and his ambition to trans-form the company into a leading stockfeed supplier through both driveand investment in infrastructure and people, had been truly realised.”

It is good that a company like BEC Feed Solutions can celebrate its milestones by getting together with all who contribute totheir current and potentially future success at an event like the one theyheld on February 24.

Though Richard Reeder and Brett Antonio spoke of steps in thegrowth of the business there was plenty of focus on just having a goodtime.

The master of ceremonies and talented entertainer at the event keptproceedings from ever getting too serious.

BEC Feed Solutions today is an interesting company that has its rootsin people involved in farming and livestock generating a business forfarmers and their livestock.

Richard Reeder spoke of keeping focus and ‘who we are and what wedo’, and without doubt keeping that focus has contributed to the emer-gence of a highly successful business.

As a private company with long held family interests it contrasts with public companies who in addition to running their core

v CONTINUED FROM PAGE 32

Friends and staff and suppliers of BEC Feed Solutions enjoy the 25thanniversary celebrations.

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NEWSprobiotics could not replace subtheraputicantibiotics to be no more, i.e, myth busted!

DFMs offer a great potential as a tech-nology for producing poultry meat in thepost-antibiotics era, and assure a sustain-able livelihood for farmers and poultry producers,” he concluded.

Nasser Odetallah from NovusInternational USA next spoke on ‘Effects ofprotease supplementation on broiler perfor-mance and in vitro digestibility’.

In the session after lunch on Feb 21with Julie Roberts from University of NewEngland in the chair, ‘Poultry and vet science association global addresses,’ twoindividuals who have truly exerted a globalinfluence on poultry science explained thefunctions and achievements of their respec-tive organizations.

Trevor Bagust, Global President ofWVPA spoke first: his paper, ‘Enhancingpoultry production: the world veterinarypoultry association (WVPA) and Australiato present and beyond 2020’.

In his address Dr Bagust warned of theproblem of zoonotic food-borne pathogensparticularly Campylobacteria, Salmonellaspecies serotypes and Listeria monocyto-

genes; “they can present huge threats to theeconomic viability of commercial poultrycompanies in both the egg and meat sectorsof the industry,” he warned.

“In dealing with these issues and others,our best approach lies in forward defense,by ensuring that we have well trained professionals in place within the poultryindustry and then we must support themwith accurate information from past andcurrent occurrences,” he said.

Dr Bob Pym, Global President of theWPSA spoke of the “100 years of service tothe worldwide poultry industry”.

Firstly Dr Pym pointed out that notonly had the WPSA contributed to theworld’s poultry industry but since 1956had a significant effect on the ever growingAustralian poultry industries.

“In response to the major projectedincrease in poultry meat and egg produc-tion as well as consumption in developingcountries, WPSA has focused increasingattention on facilitating efficient, sustain-able and socially equitable poultry produc-tion in these countries.

“Associated with this, WPSA andWVPA are working towards a closer degreeof cooperation and collaboration,” he said.

v CONTINUED FROM PAGE 8

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It is worth noting that, in what mustbe a unique circumstance in the history ofboth of these important and globally signif-icant organisations, a pair of highly regardedand experienced scientists like TrevorBagust and Bob Pym are global presidentsof the WVPA and WPSA.

In the second of the short communica-tion sessions: ‘Health & Welfare’ 13 fiveminute papers were delivered including,‘Determination of the virulence and patho-genicity of Australian Fowl Adenovirusfield strains in chickens at two differentages,’ by Penelope Steer, a post graduatePhD student from Melbourne University.

This paper won the Poultry CRCAward for the ‘Best Presentation by aStudent’ which was presented by PoultryCRC CEO Dr Mingan Choct.

For the Symposium Dinner 2012 delegates took to the magnificent waters ofthe Harbour aboard the Star Ship Sydneyfor a fabulous dinner cruise.

The quality of APSS Dinners in recentyears has risen magnificently and the 2012event will be a challenge to beat – food,scenery, company all excellent!

The Australian Poultry Award, presented

annually to an Australian resident who hasmade a long term outstanding contributionto poultry science and/or the Australianpoultry industry, went in 2012 to Dr KevinWhithear.

On February 22, the final day of formal proceedings with Bob Swick fromUniversity of New England in the chair thefirst of the Hot Topic sessions – ‘Layinghens: current issues and opportunities’ wasintroduced.

James Kellaway, CEO of AECL delivered the first keynote paper ‘Majorstrategies and challenges within AECL’.

“The Australian Egg Industry contin-ues to evolve into a large scale professionalbusiness servicing a dynamic market with arange of eggs and egg products by farmerswho care about producing the highest quality, safest product, our environment,providing choice, the welfare of our hensand feeding our growing population,” MrKellaway said, in his introduction.

He went on to describe an industrywhich has managed to dramatically increaseconsumption in the face of major challenges from minority interest groupsand ever-rising production costs.

The next keynote speaker, MichaelElliot from A&E Nutritional Services inthe USA spoke about ‘New concepts inlayer nutrition’.

“This is an exciting time to be involvedwith laying hen nutrition,” he said.

“Genetic potential improves with eachgeneration with earlier maturity andimproved production persistency: all thiswith smaller body weight and reduced feedintake capacity.

“The ever increasing cost of feed ingre-dients has made us more acceptable ofalternate ingredients and additives.

“Available to us are various enzymes,pro and pre-biotics, organic minerals andan assortment of synthetic animo acids.

“Universities and suppliers continue tohelp us advance nutrition knowledge andprovide us with tools to properly evaluateingredients.

“It is our job as commercial nutritioniststo put all this knowledge together and deliver a nutrition package that best opti-mizes the cost of production,” he concluded.

In the final session of the 2012 APSSwith Peter Groves in the chair from theUniversity of Sydney, the 2nd Hot Topic

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NEWSwas ‘Retailer pressure and global commodity markets – a ticking timebomb’.

Ian Lean from SBScibus, Australia, spoke passionately and convincingly on the topic of, ‘Effects of retailer pressure on the effi-ciency of agricultural industries.

He painted a picture of a developed and potentially developingworld, (and Australia in particular), where growing populations withincreasing food requirements are sleep walking into potentially cataclysmic food shortages as a direct result of the influence of sectional interests.

“It is very clear that we will need more food in the future.“The increase in production will need to substantially come

through the adoption of new technologies.“The rejection of technologies such as antibiotics in chickens or

HGPs in beef, that increase producer profit, improve animal well being, provide safe highly nutritious food at reasonablecost and that reduce the environmental impact of production shouldbe regarded as unethical,” he said.

“The additional risks that may increase the costs and barriers toadoption of new technologies needed to feed the future population should be regarded as extremely worrying.

“The ban on HGPs by Coles stimulated an unprecedentedresponse by senior leading agricultural and veterinary scientists forthese reasons,” Ian Lean concluded.

“Crossroads for growth; changing commodity markets urge poultry industry to change feed grains outlook’ was the critical topictackled by Dean Smith, senior analyst in the Food & AgribusinessResearch and Advisory division at Rabobank Australia & NewZealand.

Mr Smith warned that when it came to global feed stocks we werein effect ‘running on empty’.

“When it came to corn stocks there is likely to be a seven milliontonne deficit in 2011/2012,” he warned.

“The US corn to ethanol strategies were using 130 million tonesof crop – the equivalent to the total global barley crop

“The poultry industry needed to minimize volatility in its feedcost by managing changes,” he said.

These are just a selection of papers mentioned mostly concentrat-ing keynote and overseas-based invited speakers.

There is plenty of good material in the shorter presentations fromAustralian based scientists also postgraduate students who contributed5-minute presentations.

Another innovation at the 2012 APSS was electronic postersshown on video screens during meal breaks.

For a PDF file of the proceedings go to: http://sydney.edu.au/vetscience/apss/documents/2012/APSS2012Proceedings.pdf

Full marks to the organisers, the Poultry Research Foundation(University of Sydney) and The World’s Poultry Science Association(Australian Branch).

Without sponsors theses events just don’t happen. Invited SpeakerSponsors were: AB Vista Feed ingredients, AECL Egg Program, ADMInternational, Danisco, Poultry Research Foundation, RIRDCChicken Meat Program.

Gold Sponsors were: DSM Nutrition Products Pty Ltd,Feedworks/Danisco, Poultry CRC.

Silver Sponsors were AB Vista, Alltech Biotechnology Pty Ltd,BEC Feed Solutions, Evonik Degussa Australia Pty Ltd, Kemin (Aust)Pty Ltd, Novus International Pty ltd, Pfizer Animal Health.

Bronze Sponsors were: Aviagen Australia Pty Ltd, BiominAustralia, Elanco Animal Health, JEFO Australia, Kemin (Australia),Kemira, Phibro Animal Health

Alternative Sponsors: Taylor & Frances.

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Poultry Digest February/March 2012

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Transcript of Poultry Digest February/March 2012