Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will...

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Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di Indonesia Dep.Teknologi Industri Pertanian Institut Pertanian Bogor 2011 TITI CANDRA SUNARTI

Transcript of Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will...

Page 1: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di Indonesia

Dep.Teknologi Industri Pertanian Institut Pertanian Bogor2011

TITI CANDRA SUNARTI

Page 2: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

Starchy staples is providing the highest portion of energy, 1990-1992

Asia & Africa : >70% of total calories comes from this crops

Page 3: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

Major sources of carbohydrate production in the world

Page 4: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

Natural Sources of sugar

Sugar cane, tebu (Saccharum officinarum)

•Tropical grasses need a lots of sunlight and water.

•The cane will be harvested after12 months

•Yields ~ 100 tons caner per haor 10 tons sugar per ha

Page 5: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

Sugar beet, bit (Beta vulgaris)

Sugar beet is a temperate climate biennial root crop. The beet stores the sucrose in the bulbous root which bears a strong resemblance to a fat parsnip.A typical sugar content for mature beets is 17% by weight Sugar production is only about 7 tons per hectare.

Page 6: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

Nutritive value of major cereals/100g edible portion

Cereal Energy kJ

Moisture %

Protein g

Fat g

CHO* g

NSP* g

TDF* g

Starch g

Sugars g

Wheat 1318 14.0 12.7 2.2 63.9 9.0 12.6 61.8 2.1

Maize 1515 12.0 8.7 0.8 77.7 na 11.0 71 1.6

Rice 1531 11.8 6.4 0.8 80.1 2.0 3.5 80.1 1.0

Barley 1282 11.7 10.6 2.1 64.0 14.8 17.3 62.2 1.8

Sorghum 1610 14.0 8.3 3.9 57.4 na 13.8 (50) 1.3

Millet 1481 13.3 5.8 1.7 75.4 na 8.5 60 4

Rye 1428 15.0 8.2 2.0 75.9 11.7 14.6 75.9 na

Oats 1698 8.9 12.4 8.7 72.8 6.8 10.3 72.8 1.2

* CHO = carbohydrate; NSP = Non-starch polysaccharides; TDF == Total dietary fibre

Page 7: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

Industri2%Pakan

11% Lain29%

Pangan78%

Konsumsi Karbohidrat di Indonesia

Page 8: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

Jagung9%

Ubi Kayu20%

Beras57%

Ubi Jalar4%

Lain22%

Gandum8%

Sumber Karbohidrat untuk Pangan di Indonesia

Page 9: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

Ekspor-Impor Pati dan Pati Termodifikasi IndonesiaTahun 2003

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Pati Pati Termodifikasi

Ekspor Impor

Page 10: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

Ekspor-Impor Pati di Indonesia Tahun 2003

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Tapioka Jagung Gandum Kentang Lain-lain

Ekspor Impor

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Pati Termodifikasi

17%

Hidrolisat Pati54%

Pati Alami29%

Konsumsi Pati di Eropa Barat

Pati Alami30%

Pati Modifikasi

23%

Pengental47%

Produk Pati Dunia

Penggunaan Pati di dunia

Page 12: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

Sumber Bahan Baku Industri Pati

Jagung Hampir di seluruh dunia

Gandum Eropa Barat, Amerika Utara, Australia

Kentang Eropa

Ubi Kayu Asia

Page 13: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

Sumber pati biji-bijian, umbi-umbian, dan batang

(1) Biji-bijianSerealia : Beras (Oryza sativa), Gandum (Triticum sp.)

Jagung (Zea mays), Sorgum (Sorgum bicolor),Millet (Eragrotis tef), Barley (Hordeum sp.), Oat (Avena sativa), Rye (Secale cereale), dll

Leguminosa : Kacang hijau, kacang Bogor, kacang merah, dll(2) Akar, umbi, rhizoma

Singkong (Manihot utilisima), Ubi jalar (Ipomoea batata), Kentang (Solanum tuberosum), Talas (Colocasia esculenta),Kimpul (Xanthosoma sp.), Garut (Maranta arundiacea),Uwi (Dioscorea sp.), Suweg (Amorphophallus campanulatus),Iles-iles (A. variabilis), Ganyong (Canna edulis), dll

(3) BatangSagu (Metroxylon sago), Aren (Arenga pinnata), Kelapa Sawit

Page 14: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

Produksi dan Konsumsi Sumber Pati di Indonesia

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Beras Jagung UbiKayu

UbiJalar

Sagu Umbilain

Produksi Konsumsi

Page 15: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

JagungTanaman jagung (Zea mays)

Produk utama : biji jagungLimbah hasil pertanian :

Limbah lignoselulosik-Pelepah Jagung

pakan ternak-Klobot jagung

kemasan produk, rokok-Tongkol jagung (Xilan)

xilosa, xilitol, furfural

Page 16: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

Jenis-jenis jagung :berdasarkan kualitas, kuantitas, dan pola komposisi

endosperma jagung

1. Dent2. Flint3. Flour4. Sweet5. Pop6. Pod

Berdasarkan kandungan Amilosa1. Normal Corn 76% Amilopektin2. Waxy Corn 99% Amilopektin3. High Amylose Corn 20-50% Amilopektin

Page 17: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

(1) Dry milling- Jagung pipilan pakan ternak- Tepung jagung (corn meal)

(2) Wet milling : pemisahan komponen jagungProduk : pati (maizena), gluten, maize oil, Hasil samping : corn steep liquor, bungkil

(3) Penggunaan langsung sebagai bahan pangan- Alkali cooked corn based productCo. Tortila, Taco, Corn Mass

- Sweet corn kaya akan phytoglikogen- Popcorn, snack tertua di dunia

maksimum rasio ekspansi 40 kali- Sayuran, baby corn

Pengolahan Jagung

Page 18: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

Pengembangan produk berbasis pati

Page 19: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

Varietas Singkong manis(var. palmata)

Singkong pahit (var. aipi)

Toksisitas (HCN per kg umbi)

HCN < 50 mgTidak beracun

HCN ~ 250 mg

Kandungan pati Lebih rendah Tinggi

Aplikasi Produk pangan Bahan baku Industripati

Singkong/Ubi KayuUmbi kayu tanaman singkong(Manihot utilisima)

Jenis umbi dibedakan atas kandungan HCN dalam umbi

Page 20: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

Umbi

Kulit umbiUbi kayu

Pengeringan

Ekstraksi Basah Onggok

Pati (Tapioka)

Tepung Singkong

Tepung Asia

Pengeringan TapiokaPengeringan Onggok

Page 21: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

Produk olahan dari singkong (di Amerika Selatan)

Page 22: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea batatas)1. Konsumsi langsung

Rebus, bakar, goreng2. Produk pangan olahan

- Tepung ubi jalar, chips3. Pakan Ternak4. Pati ubi jalar industri

Co. Industri gula cair

Jenis-jenis ubi jalar1. Warna umbi

putih, jingga, ungu2. Tekstur umbi setelah dimasak

Keras, kering Lunak, berair, lengketUmbi yang kasar

Page 23: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

Masalah dalam Industri PatiProduksi Pati di Indonesia didominasi oleh industri kecil dan RT

Ind. Rumah Tangga

79%

Ind. Kecil18%

Ind.Menengah dan Besar

3%

Page 24: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

Masalah di Industri Pati

Penggunaan teknologi dan peralatanyang sederhana

kualitas pati rendah- Kadar air tinggi- Derajat asam tinggi- Serat dan kotoran tinggi

Prasarana dan sarana yang tidakmemadai, misalkan pengangkutanyang membutuhkan waktu bahan baku mudah rusak

Kebijakan lain : pajak, subsidi bahanbakar, izin impor, dll.

Page 25: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

Memilih Pati yang Tepat untuk Produk Pangan

Apa sistem produk target ?- Produk yang perlu dimasak atau produk instant ?- Produk makanan beku atau makanan kaleng ?- Berapa lama waktu simpan produk ?- Dalam bentuk fisik apa, pati digunakan ?Apa bahan lain yang terkandung di dalamnya ?Gula ? Asam ? Lemak ? Protein ?Apa pengaruh bahan tersebut terhadap pati & sifat fungsionalnya ?Bagaimana kondisi proses produksinya ?Waktu ? Suhu ? gesekan ?Tentukan jenis pati yang akan digunakan.

Presenter
Presentation Notes
ar
Page 26: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

Prospek Pengembangan Industri Gula (Pemanis) Non-Tebu

Departemen Teknologi Industri PertanianInstitut Pertanian Bogor

2011

TITI CANDRA SUNARTI

Page 27: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

World map of sugar productionSugar is produced in 121 countries in the world.Annual global production : 120 millions tons

~70% is produced from sugar cane, and the remaining 30% from sugar beet

Page 28: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

Produksi dan Konsumsi Gula Tebu di Indonesia

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Produksi Impor Suplai (Produksi + Impor) Konsumsi

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Dekstrosa5%

Glukosa26%

HFS69%

Konsumsi pemanis per kapita di USA

Low-caloricsweetener

13%

Caloricsweetener

87%

Gula Rafinasi

47%

Corn

Sweetener

53%

Page 30: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

Substitusi Gula Sukrosa1. Gula Palm2. Madu3. Low calory sweetener

- Natural Sweetener- Pemanis sintetis

4. Hidrolisat pati

Page 31: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

Gula Palma

Gula Palma Potensial :- Kelapa- Aren- SiwalanPengembangan Produk- Gula cetak- High density invert palm sugar- Gula semut (crystal palm sugar)

Page 32: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

Indonesia Palm Sugar

Component Palm Juice (Nira)Aren Siwalan Nypa Coconut

Dry matters (g/l)Sucrose (g/l)Reducing sugar (g/l)Protein (g/l)Lipid (g/l)Ash (g/l)N (mg/l)P (mg/l)K (mg/l)Ca (mg/l)Mg (mg/l)

140-180130-1702-441010120010100

100-1506-102

170-180130-1807-94-536011019006030

150-200120-1807-101-60.41–4300–51060-1001200-200010-2030-50

pH 8 6.5 7.5 7.2Sumber : Flach dan Rumawas (1996)

Page 33: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

Gula Turunan Pati dan Bahan Lignoselulosa

Pati

Hidrolisis

Glukosa

Selulosa

Hidrogenasi

Sorbitol

Isomerisasi

Fruktosa

Mannitol

Hemiselulosa

Hidrolisis

Xylan

Xylosa

Hidrogenasi

Xylitol

Maltosa

Maltitol

Page 34: Potensi Bahan Baku Industri Pati dan Pati Modifikasi di ... · sunlight and water. •The cane will be harvested after 12 months •Yields ~ 100 tons caner per ha or 10 tons sugar

Tingkat kemanisan relatif gula & polyol

Gula Kemanisanrelatif (%)

Fruktosa 170

Gula invert 130

Sukrosa 100

Glukosa 75

Maltosa 30

Galaktosa 30

Laktosa 15

Sugar Alkohol(polyol)

KemanisanRelatif (%)

Manitol 40-50

Sorbitol 40-50

Xilitol 100

Arabinitol ~100

Isomaltitol 50

Laktitol 30

Maltitol ~90

L-sorbosa 60-80

D-xilosa 50

Laktulosa ~60