1

MARITZA

TULCANAZA

Fourth level

State Polytechnic

university of

carchi

2

INDEX

TITLE PAGE…………………………………………..……………….…1

PERSONAL INTRODUCTION………………………………………….6

DOSSIER

TASKS

Security in Tulcan……………………………………………………………………...9

My Life in University…………………………………………………………….…...10

Problems of Adolescents…………………………………………………….11-12-13

E-mail of Suggestions…………………………………………………..……………14

Paragraphs

Railroad Station………………………………………………………………………15

Plan…………………………………………………………………………………….15

Symbols……………………………………………………………………………….16

Pants………………………….……………………………………………………….16

Ceremonies…………………………………………………………………………...17

Patrol……………………………………………………………………………….….17

Remain………………………………………………………………………………...18

Origin…………………………………………………………………………………..18

Adult……………………………………………………………………………………19

Face to face………………………………………………………………………......19

My Family……………………………………………………………………………..20

Biography………………………………………………………………………....21-22

Letter of Application………………………………………………………………22-23

Wonders of Ecuador

Yahuarcocha lagoon…………………………………………………………………24

3

Historic Center of Quito…………………………………………………….……..…24

Chimborazo Volcano…………………………………………………………………25

Global Warming………………………………………………………………………26

Shopping Center Snail……………………………………………………………….27

Shopping Center Yolis……………………………………………………………….28

Shopping Center Hurricane…………………………………………………………29

Aki…………………………………………………………………………………...…30

An Invitation Letter…………………………………………………………………...31

Sports………………………………………………………………………………….32

EXPOSITIONS

Why is Technology Important……………………………………………………….34

The Great Wall of China…………………………………………………….……….35

Yahuarcocha………………………………………………………………………….36

Shopping Center Snail……………………………………………………………….37

Shopping Center Yolis……………………………………………………………….38

Shopping Center Hurricane…………………………………………………………39

Aki…………………………………………………………………………………...…40

PERSONAL RESOURCES

Sun Safety for Kids

Sun-protective Hats and Clothing…………………………………………..42-43-44

Sun-Protective Clothing................................................................................45-46

Sunscreen………………………………………………………………………….....46

UVA UVB………………………………………………………………………47-48-49

Shade / UV Index…………………………………………….……………….49-50-51

Sunglasses…………………………………………………………………………....51

Curriculum……………………………………….………………………………..51-52

4

Personnel………………………………………………………………………….52-53

Communication…………………………………………………………….……..53-54

Vitamin D………………………………………………………….…………..54-55-56

Project

Tips to Avoid Becoming a Friend of the Crime Victim……………………………56

An Email Giving Advice……………………………………………………………...57

Project Question……………………….…………………………………………..…58

Dialogue from a Friend who had an Accident…………………………………..…59

That should do and Should not do Online…………………………………………59

Comparing my Family Members………………………………………………...….60

Biography of Beatrix Potter………………………………………………….61-62-63

An Application Letter……………………………………………..………………….63

Project

Tradition of Ecuador……………………………………………………………….…64

Job Interview……………………………………………….…………………………65

Should Children Work? Why not? .....................................................................65 Imagine you are a 15-year-old Victorian Boy……………………………..………65 Project Statements About Places in the World…………………………………………….66 Project

A Tour Guide………………………………………………………………………….67

A Pros and Cons Essay……………………………………………………………..68

Ecuador Nature Reserve…………………………………………………………....69

Donation……………………………………………………………………………….70

Air Pollution………………………………………………………………………..….71

My Eating Habits Personal……………………………………………………….....72

5

An Invitation Letter………………………………………………………………...…72

Project

Food Idioms………………………………………………………………...…73-74-75

Dialogue Birthday of a Friend……………………………………………………….75

Food Chain……………………………………………...........................................76

Olympic Games………………………………………………………………………77

My Favorite CD……………………………………………………………………….78

Project

Proclamation of Fellowship.........................................................................…...78

Dialogue to Buy Movie Tickets...........................................................................79

Project

Soundtracks in Horror Movies………………………………………………………79

CONCLUSIONS……………………………………….………………80

6

PERSONAL INTRODUCTION

My name is Maritza Tulcanaza, I'm in sixth semester of foreign trade

and international trade negotiation, course the fourth level of English

for my, this portfolio has as benefit; nurture my knowledge, through

a confrontation with my previous knowledge about the methods of

an investigation. And, by the measure of its development, trying to

overcome the difficulties presented before me. Also look for support

my methodological conceptions and my production of ideas, in

addition there is a reason very strong and it is to serve as my

learning with the sole purpose of everything investigated is useful,

not only for this subject, but for others in the course of my career.

My Portfolio is based on the knowledge acquired through inquiries

that each day will require more effort, more discipline, they are

looking to form my profile as a future professional.

7

8

9

SECURITY IN TULCAN

The authority’s Carchenses and the state Police have reinforced the security in

Tulcan due to the Summit Binacional that will have the presence of the

presidents Rafael Correa and Manuel Santos, of Ecuador and Colombia

respectively with their respective minister.

DECLARATION Edmundo Merlo Major Provincial of Carchi, it indicated that

"the security in the county has been reinforced."

At least 40 uniformed they arrive until this city coming from Ibarra to reinforce

the security.

From I Remove it arrived the Group of Operations and Rescue (GIR) besides

the aero one police that will guard from the air the summit National Bi to be

developed in the facilities of the UPEC. To this he/she sinks personal of

Colombian and military security of both countries.

In the streets of this city it is observed members of the National Police guarding

to the citizenship.

On Sunday night representatives of the Colombian police met with Ecuadorian

authorities in the State Polytechnic University of the Carchi (UPEC).

It has been planned that with the arrival of the Ecuadorian minister to Tulcan,

the measures of security were increased.

10

MY LIFE IN UNIVERSITY

Introduction:

My name is Mary during the sixth semester of foreign trade and international

economic negotiations and the fourth level of English at the State Technical

University Carchi.

Development

Being back in the University I did a little difficult because I still do not get used to

achieve the new form but I think the other half that follows and can acoplarme.

I have to go to class four days a week beginning on Tuesday where I have

logistics at two in the afternoon and where no task force for the next class and I

have to leave at four in the afternoon.

On Wednesday I have international economic policy in the same way I have to

be at the two p.m., in the class we should only be talking about politics, as the

country is so but sometimes bores me to hear so much politics, I think the

magister could make more dynamic class not tired, so we always have to

generate work and I let out at four in the afternoon.

On Thursday I have logistics and we must come back at two in the afternoon,

the class should discuss the issue of consultation that leaves us and I have to

leave at four in the afternoon.

On Friday, I have no classes is my day of rest and relaxation.

And finally on Saturday I have i English at two in the afternoon, this matter is of

paramount importance and that English is spoken in many countries but still I

have difficulty that three years ago leaving the English and I have not much

knowledge but little by little I learned and I have to leave at seven in the

evening.

Also something that I can do is being on time to class.

In the University I have also new friends with whom I can share ideas and

concerns.

Conclusions

Being in the state technical university is a privilege Carchi because every day

I'm gaining knowledge should serve in the future.

11

PROBLEMS OF ADOLESCENTS

INTRODUCTION:

Importantly, we go through different stages of adolescence and is the most

complicated and causing more problems, the teen encounters many new things

that you want to experience, risk is part of the fun in your life, there is concern

and act without realizing it, that's why I fall into problems which eventually

repent, as these leave traces of pain in his life, and happiness is fading.

Many problems are achieved when each person is on the road to face

responsibility acts being committed and should not be influenced by others,

each person is master of his own destiny.

Friends in the adolescent's life mean a lot to him, as these are what convey joy

to your life, at this stage the adolescent feels the need to be free to act without

restriction, is why are detached from the power of parents, yet do not realize

that this world we are in, he has many things to get your attention, the teen

should not let current crawl error and being the master of his body, has the duty

of care and intelligence capacity has to distinguish between what is good and

bad for their future.

For the teenager in love is the cause of your problems, because when you are

attracted to someone will do anything to get his attention by exposing their own

health and that your partner is more damage is done.

The family is a fundamental part in the development of adolescents, and that if

parents do not atocha due importance to the problems facing their children,

make these more vulnerable to fall into errors.

DEVELOPMENT:

First Alcohol. Over 60% of adolescents between 12 and 20 years consume

alcohol as adults. They do it anytime and anywhere.

Alcohol is the drug most often causes problems in adolescents. Parents should

be alert to any sudden and severe change their children's behavior.

It must maintain a fluid and ongoing dialogue with the children so they can

attend our meeting when needed. This requires that they feel listened to, not

judged and not subjected.

12

Second Drugs. A significant proportion of young people, about 30% have tried

marijuana. Schools and teachers can help intervene and prevent drug abuse.

Third unwanted pregnancies. Despite the overdose of information out there, not

familiar adolescent contraception, and other issues related to healthy sexuality

and responsible.

Fourth Bullying by peers. Today mobile phones and social networks have

become the bane of many who cannot defend themselves from attacks by guys

in their environment.

Eating disorder fifth and image. In a world where image is paramount, according

to mass media and society, the boys dream to have perfect bodies, very far

from reality. Anorexia and bulimia are the main diseases in deriving these

unrealistic ideas, but by 95% for women.

Sixth Depression and emotional disorders: factors have become responsible for

10% of deaths of adolescents. Today many young people suffer from

depression, which is aided by continued uncertainty adults living on the job,

your future, etc.

Accidents Seventh. Here help, and much, uncontrolled consumption of alcohol,

lack of driver education they have and totally irresponsible. Adolescence, time

of life where they can feel strong emotions torments and frequent clashes

between the young and the adults.

Eighth Violence and abuse. A quarter of the complaints made by women victims

of abuse and violence are under 20 years.

Ninth Problems of Internet misuse. Internet addiction affects mainly older guys.

These are young people who spend more than 20 hours a week to the web and

use it to play "online", or watch pornography.

Sects and socio Tenth addictions. Sects subjected to bondage and seek

unhealthy dependence of thought, affection and will. Teenagers are often easy

targets.

Eleventh: Juvenile delinquency most times detention policies, expulsion and

punishment have not been effective in reducing crime. However, schools with

strong authority, fair discipline, which include the participation of students in

decision-making and to invest heavily in educational achievement of both

students and staff, has a greater opportunity to curb crime. The most important

thing is to improve the quality of education of young people from impoverished

environments.

13

CONCLUSIONS:

The age of adolescence is the age most problematic of all stages of life, but in

turn is the most comfortable. Unfortunately the teenager of today has different

problems that darken their beautiful age.

Drugs, alcohol, smoking and nutritional diseases were always part of this stage

but never being as protagonists. Unfortunately, today, are the main attractions

of the adolescent.

Adolescence brings with it the consolidation of formal logical thinking allowing

you to apply it to your personal life now, understand and grasp universal values,

like allowing you to plan your future or make a realistic career choice according

to their abilities. Extraversion where the teenager, who has already achieved its

identity as a unique, directed his interest toward reality allowing you to develop

feelings generous.

The teenager who is going through the youth crisis is especially susceptible to

developing depression, either by the changes you are facing or in the amount of

conflict that now has this. You can also drop in criminal behavior under the

influence of drugs. This behavior are not only the product of an internal process,

but is strongly influenced by the type of relationship with their parents and their

group behavior.

The teenager must achieve sexual identity, for this we should do with integrity

require that questions the sexual patterns culturally assigned gender, since this

condition involves a cross-developing the potential of each sex, giving the

opportunity to train in as completely as possible. Adolescent sexual activities

are becoming more frequent and intimate, with the consequent risk of early

pregnancy, which prevents the teenager to live fully this stage, jumping to

maturity, without the necessary features that stage requires.

Improving communication between teachers, tutors and parents to take better

control of the adolescent.

Increase resources for teachers to conflicts that may arise in the classroom.

Parents also need to intervene because if the household's understanding and

communication may avoid this kind of problems.

LINKS:

http://www.buenastareas.com/Problemas-De-Los-

Adolescentes/13148.html

http://problematicasactualesenelestado.blogspot.com/2009/03/sobre-las-

problematicas-de-los.html

http://html.rincondelvago.com/adolescencia_14.html

14

E-MAIL OF SUGGESTIONS

Dear Friend,

Sorry to hear that you're going through an awkward and difficult.

But the best thing you can do is tell your parents what happened to your brother and so they can find a solution to the problem in your brother with alcohol.

In these cases you lose trust with your brother, but then eventually you will know everything you do thank him.

I really hope things are resolved.

With love,

Mary

15

PARAGRAPHS RAILROAD STATION

A railroad station is a railroad facility with pathways that can

get and from which trains may be issued. It consists of several

tracks, with deviations between them, and is delimited by input

and output signals. Additionally they are a point of access to

passenger and freight railroad.

PLAN

The business plan is a formal statement of business objectives,

contained in a written document, which develops, systematizes

and integrates the activities, business strategies, analysis of

the market situation and other studies that are necessary for an

idea business to become a viable company.

16

SYMBOLS

National symbols or symbols are those representing states,

nations and countries, and so are recognized by other states.

Generally these symbols are formulated from visual or verbal

representations that seek to promote the values of history or

famous people of the country or nation.

PANTS

The pants are making different fabric materials (cotton, denim,

polyester, corduroy, etc.) Can be long pants, in which case they

reach the ankles or below, or may be short in different rankings,

ranging from the calf (pirates) knee (shorts) or groin (mini-

shorts). When the length reaches mid-calf is called Capri pants.

17

CEREMONIES

Mayan ceremonies, is an essential element of Maya cultural

identity is a practice of religiosity and spirituality of the Maya, is

a sacred activity through which human beings seek to have

closer contact and communication with the Supreme Being, the

Creator of Heaven and Earth.

PATROL

A military patrol is a group of soldiers to comply a

reconnaissance or combat, the number of members of a patrol

varies depending on the type of mission. Reconnaissance patrol,

for example, is arranged with one or more security features and

one or more recognition elements and command elements.

18

REMAIN

Because public disclosure laws, it may be difficult for a person

who wins the lottery remain secret. That said, the task is not

impossible. Anyone trying to do this is to hire a lawyer as soon

as possible, establish a blind trust so that the trust becomes the

legal beneficiary of the profits.

ORIGIN

The origin of man based on the origin or beginning of the human

species, refers to two very different perspectives. The scientific

view places the human species as a more biological evolution of

living organisms on Earth. The religious vision, conceived, in

general, the origin of man as an act of will of the gods.

19

ADULT

An Adult in Fullness is a person who has reached the stage of

life according to various legal, begins between 60 and 65 years

is a period of time and lived experience and according to how

we lived encounters our machinery worn due to normal wear,

and needs to be repaired until you stop working.

FACE-TO-FACE

Generations have now changed considerably, especially in

relation to the way people communicate and interact. Now,

social media has created a parallel world in which face-to-face

relationships are more common because of the ease of access

to such social networks.

20

MY FAMILY

Introduction:

My family consists of six members.

Development:

We are tall except for my husband and son. We are thin. The face of my father,

my husband and my son is round, the face of my mother, my brother and I am

long. The skin color of my father and my husband is dark, the skin color of my

mother, my brother, my son and I am clear. We have dark hair. We have brown

eyes. The long nose is all except for my husband and my son is wide. We have

thin lips. We are intelligent and clever, my father is kind, cheerful, and my

mother is serious, boring, my brother is shy, serious, my husband is sociable,

brave, my son is sociable, naughty and I cheerful, brave.

My father is more sociable than my mother.

My mother is greater than my brother.

My brother is taller than my husband.

My husband is braver than my son.

My son is naughtier than I.

My father and I are happy.

Conclusions:

My family is united and loyal.

21

BIOGRAPHY

Introduction

Name:

Jennifer Lynn Lopez Rodriguez

Date of Birth:

Castle Hill, the Bronx (New York, USA) the July 24, 1970

What famous for:

Being a singer, actress and dancer

Early years:

He took dance classes at Baruch College, studied biology at the Catholic

school, high school female.

Years later:

Installed in your life the handsome actor Ben Affleck, whom he had met during

the filming of the film "Gigli", in 2000. In late 2002, they were seen together and

begin to be considered a perfect couple; they were both baptized as "Bennifer".

Quickly speculated that Affleck has proposed marriage to the winter of 2003,

but the official date is another: on September 13.

Everyone is invited to the ceremony, to be held in Miami, but an hour before the

link is suspended, arguing that the press coverage they have gotten out of

hand. Ben travels to Las Vegas and J Lo stays in his house and destroys the

expensive wedding dress on a voodoo ritual designed to eliminate the negative

charges.

Back in February 2004, the breakdown is a fact. Affleck enjoys his

bachelorhood in California, while Jennifer takes the first steps, in public,

accompanied by the Puerto Rican singer Marc Anthony, with whom he played in

1999, the single "Do not love me" from the album "On the 6".

Only five months after his bullado break with the handsome actor, Jennifer

Anthony married in secret ceremony, June 5, at his mansion in Beverly Hills.

The actress and singer declares, then everybody that he is your soul mate

which tirne Marbiel two children Emme Muñiz and Maximilian David Muñiz

Anthony but the relationship did not last and divorce.

22

Job:

His big break was obtained in July 1996, when he won the national cast to star

in the film Selena, which interpret the missing singer Selena. The film premiered

on March 21, 1997. For his performance he won a million dollars, becoming the

highest-paid Latina actress until then. His work in Selena received positive

reviews, thus obtaining a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress in 1998.

Also work in U-Turn (Giro to Hell), along with actor Sean Penn and directed by

Oliver Stone, and George Clooney in Out Of Sight (Out of Sight), tape that

Jennifer won two million dollars. From this point part his career as a singer,

actress.

Achievements:

Actress, singer, model, record producer, dancer, designer and television

producer.

His feelings:

Currently holds a romantic relationship for a year with dancer Casper Smart.

Comments:

I think it's a great singer and actress and has managed awning which has been

proposed in your life despite the difficulties encountered.

LETTER OF APPLICATION

Dear Mr. North Group

I am writing to apply for sales management position as advertised in Sunday's trade.

I am a woman of thirty-four years old, I am International Master in Marketing, New Media and Sales currently need the work. I have seven year experience in management position; I am an honest and hardworking. I am friendly and I like meeting new people and I feel these are the right qualities for the job.

I am available for an interview at any time. Thanks for your consideration. I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours sincerely,

Maritza Tulcanaza

Maritza Tulcanaza

Attached curriculum vitae,

23

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA

Name: Maritza Anabel

Name: Tulcanaza Enríquez

Nationality: American

Identity Card: 1720774326

Marital Status: Married

Date of Birth: December 10, 1978

Age: 34 years

Address: 68 Northampton Street, Boston MA 02118

Phone: (617) 541-4455

Email: mary_poder@hotmail.com

STUDIES CONDUCTED

School: Kingsley Montessori School

College: Boston Latin Academy

University: Boston University

International Master in Marketing, New Media and Sales

PERSONAL REFERENCES

Name: Engineer Walter Castaneda

Phone: (617) 541-1357

Name: Doctor Dylan Gómez

Phone: (617) 541-2345

24

WONDERS OF ECUADOR

YAHUARCOCHA LAGOON

It is one of the main tourist attractions of Ecuador, located 3 km from the city of

Ibarra, surrounded by natural viewpoints, terrestrial environment and indigenous

cultures, at a height of 2,190 meters above the sea.

Yahuarcocha is historically important because studies claim that there is large

and still unexplored archaeological evidence, so it is declared as the third

sacred lake in the country.

HISTORIC CENTER OF QUITO

The historic center of Quito is located in the city center, in an area of 375.2

hectares and is considered one of the most important historic areas in Latin

America.

Has about 130 monumental constructions (which hosts a variety of art) and five

thousand properties registered in the municipal inventory of heritage properties.

It was declared by UNESCO as the first World Heritage Site. At night, when the

lights of the city, you can take a stroll through the historic center in a horse-

drawn carriage, the style of the colonial era.

25

CHIMBORAZO VOLCANO

The volcano Chimborazo is the highest mountain in Ecuador and the closest

point to the sun.

The Chimborazo is surrounded by the Chimborazo Wildlife Reserve, which is a

protected ecosystem to preserve the habitat of native Andean as vicuña, llama

and alpaca.

The top of Mount Chimborazo is completely covered by glaciers. Its glacier is

the source of water for the population of the Bolivar and Chimborazo provinces.

A tradition of the communities near the volcano is bring ice from the glaciers of

the mountain to the people to prepare their drinks.

26

GLOBAL WARMING

The Problem

The problem lies in the concentration

of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

from natural sources such as volcanic

eruptions, weathering of rocks and

artificial sources such as gas burning

cars and factories and power plants

burn coal and emits toxic gases.

Temperature Increase

Global warming is a term used to refer

to the phenomenon of the increase in

global average temperature of Earth's

atmosphere and oceans, possibly

reached the level of the medieval

warming in the mid-twentieth century,

to exceed it from then.

Water and Soil Pollution

The main effect that causes global

warming is the greenhouse effect; a

phenomenon referred to absorption by

certain atmospheric gases, mainly

H2O, CO2 and O3 followed by the part

of the soil emits energy as a result of

being heated by solar radiation.

Without this natural greenhouse effect,

temperatures would drop by about 30 °

C, with such a change, the oceans

would freeze and life as we know it

would be impossible. For this effect to

occur, are needed these greenhouse

gases, but in suitable proportions.

What worries climatologists are that a

rise in this ratio will produce an

increase in temperature due to heat

trapped in the lower atmosphere.

Solutions

The solution is that we can stop the

worst impacts of global warming if we

can get more efficient factories,

households and offices to reduce

energy waste which are produced

more cars gas mileage and using

cleaner technologies. But you need to

take action now and acted in a manner

determined to avoid serious

consequences. Each year that passes

without the global warming problem

facing a decidedly makes this problem

more difficult and more expensive to

solve. If we do not find a solution within

the next 10 years could be too late.

27

SHOPPING CENTER SNAIL

The commercial snail is located in

the Bolivar street, where offers us

some types of products such as

jewelry, pants Jeans, baby clothes,

trebles, clothes for teenage girls,

girlfrien

ds,

beauty

parlor,

facial beauty products, herbal

products, a company of buildings.

The prices are a bit more expensive

in contrast with the popular market;

the kind of people is that they have

the

potenti

al to

pay

28

SHOPPING CENTER YOLIS

Is located in Bolivar Street, where

we offer toys, decorations,

tableware, mirrors, paintings,

clothing for children, perfume,

chocolate, fitness center,

cable service and radio. The

prices are accessible to the

public. You are all kinds of

people.

29

SHOPPING CENTER HURRICANE

It is located on the street Bolivar,

where we offer clothing for all ages,

underwear, sheets, curtains,

tablecloths, backpacks,

purses. The prices are cheap

and the people who attend

are of the lower class.

30

AKI

It is located in the streets Doctor

Ricardo Iron and Luciano Coral,

where we offers household

appliances, cleaning products,

toiletries, products for animals,

cereals, fruits, vegetables, meats,

dairy products, baby products,

liqueurs, etc. The prices are

accessible and a lower cost

than to the shops, the type

people is of any social class.

31

AN INVITATION LETTER

Dear Johana

Hi! How are you? I have a party on Saturday for my birthday.

The party will have an Italian theme so there will be a variety of Italian dishes. My mom is organizing the menu and decorations. You need to bring a jacket because it's cold.

Just give me a call from the station when you arrive and my brother pick you up. The party starts at 7 pm.

Please let me know as soon possible.

Love,

Mary

32

WHY IS TECHNO

FOOTBALL

Team sport played between two

teams of eleven players each and

four arbitrators dealing with the rules

are properly followed.

The rectangular playing field is

natural or artificial turf, with a goal at

each end of the field. The object is to

move to any part of the body except

the arms or hands, a ball across the

field to try to enter into the opposing

goal. The team that achieves more

goals in 90 minutes is the winner of

the match. The game was created in

England.

BASKETBALL

It is a team sport that can develop

both indoor as outdoor, in which two

sets of five players each try to score

points by introducing a ball in a hoop

placed 3.05 meters from the floor of

which hangs a network for four

periods.

It was invented in the United States.

There is also a disabled mode in

which wheelchair plays virtually the

same rules.

ATHLETICS

It is a sport that contains a large set

of disciplines grouped in runs, jumps,

throws, combined events and

running. It is the art of outperform

adversaries in speed or endurance,

in distance or height. Tests may be

individual or team.

The Olympic Games are the most

prestigious international event. They

are held every four years since 1896.

SPORTS

Sports help you stay fit and healthy. The most popular sport is football, basketball and athletics; they can practice in appropriate

places with the right training and the right equipment!

33

34

LOGY IMPORTANT

Technology is of great importance throughout the world for its advances have

made that all of society benefits from it, as we are in an age where every day

there is a different breakthrough that makes a great contribution to the

development of the same, just as it was a breakthrough in the yesterday, today

has no relevance to humanity, everything goes into the past that is why man

has made sure that every day has something new to teach the world.

Technological advances have made man's work easier thanks to the

development of machines that cover much of the work that previously only the

operator could perform.

Every day technology seizes more smoothly in the world, known to us daily new

projects for the benefit of mankind.

35

THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA

Badaling Great Wall is located in the town of Yanqing, Beijing, China, was the

first section of Great Wall that was opened to the public. 3741 meters of wall

length, the Great Wall at Badaling has an important strategic position.

Therefore, the construction of the Great Wall in this very ambitious project, the

high walls solid and intense, along with the trend of the mountain walls, winding

ups and downs, like the coiled dragon.

The main feudal built defensive walls at their respective borders in order to

protect themselves from attacks by the Huns, one of the nomadic tribes of

northern China. After the unification of all of China, the first emperor of the Qin

Dynasty united the existing insulated walls in the north, thus making them the

Great Wall of Ten Thousand Li.

Later, the wall was repaired and rebuilt by many dynasties. Badaling, a section

of the wall, which presently attending many tourists, was rebuilt during the Ming

Dynasty based on the original work.

The Great Wall, which has a total length of over 6,700 km, runs from

Shanhaiguan in the east to Jiayuguan in the west. Across six provinces and

autonomous regions and municipality in northern China: Hebei, Beijing, Shanxi,

Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shaanxi and Gansu.

After the Liberation, the popular government has repaired and restored several

sectors of the Great Wall in order to maintain its original look of grandeur and

magnificence. The Great Wall is now a bridge linking the Chinese people from

other countries and regions.

36

YAHUARCOCHA

Yahuarcocha. It is one of the main attractions of Ecuador, located 3 km from the

city of Ibarra, at a height of 2.190 meters above the sea.

Yahuarcocha is historically important because studies by some researchers,

who claim that there is a unexplored archaeological evidence, so that the

National Institute of Cultural Heritage declared as the third sacred lake in the

country.

Yahuarcocha means "Lake of Blood", which is derived from the Quechua roots

Yaguar = blood = Cocha lake. Legend has it that a bloody Indian battle took

place on its shores and the lake was stained with blood, hence its name. In

where confrontation Caranquis and Incas.

Yahuarcocha Lagoon

Located: at 3 km from the city of Ibarra

Made of: water

Construction: 12.000 years ago

Reason for its name: By the bloody battle Yaguar = blood = Cocha lake. Lake of

Blood.

37

38

39

40

41

42

SUN SAFETY FOR KIDS

Sun-protective Hats and Clothing

Heads up!

Wearing a sun-protective hat is a simple and effective strategy for reducing ultraviolet radiation to the face, head and neck. If children could become accustomed to wearing a hat when outdoors at school it should increase the likelihood that they will routinely wear one for non-school outdoor activities as well. But, the fear of ridicule from one’s peers can certainly be a strong deterrent. Without a school policy to encourage, require, or reward, students for wearing a sun-protective hat, it is somewhat unlikely that children will allow themselves to benefit from using this practical and inexpensive cancer-prevention device.

History of Hats in Schools

Most schools have, or had, a policy to prohibit children from wearing a hat at school. Concerns about hats being used as a sign of gang identification are most frequently cited as the reason behind such policy. After learning that some California schools would not even allow a hat to be worn by a child with a strong genetic susceptibility to skin cancer and a doctor’s note, Mrs. Karen Graham took action. Following the death of her son at an early age from melanoma, Mrs. Graham initiated legislation that resulted in an amendment to the California Education Code as follows:

Each school site shall allow for outdoor use during the school day, articles of sun-protective clothing, including, but not limited to, hats. (2) Each school site may set a policy related to the type of sun-protective clothing, including, but not limited to, hats, that pupils will be allowed to use outdoors pursuant to paragraph (1). Specific clothing and hats determined by the school district or school site to be gang-related or inappropriate apparel may be prohibited by the dress code policy.

Communication Gap

Many California parents and students remain unaware that children now have the right to wear a hat outdoors at school. Although some schools and districts have amended their policy or dress code to remove the prohibition against hats, few have taken the important additional step of encouraging sun-protective hats and clothing. In effect, there is room for improvement in most schools.

43

Promoting Hats and Long Clothing

By implementing policies and incentives aimed at encouraging the use of sun-protective hats and clothing, schools have the no-cost opportunity to reduce the risk of skin cancer among the students and staff.

Many schools already sell articles of attire, such as T-shirts. Why not encourage sun safety by adding sun-protective items? A hat sporting the school name or mascot could not only promote school pride but also bring in additional revenue.

What Type of Hat Shall be Allowed?

While California law gives students the right to wear a hat outdoors at school, schools retain the discretion to determine the type of hat. Whatever policy the school adopts, the goal should be the wearing of a hat by most or all students and personnel.

Police Options:

Students may procure/wear any hat or visor that provides reasonable sun protection.

Hats meeting certain design criteria (as defined by the school or district) are allowed.

Certain types of hat (definition supplied) are not allowed. Only specific hat(s), that the school or district provides for sale or to be

ordered, are allowed.

Primary School

Young children will likely wear whatever that is recommended. Primary schools could provide a helpful service by educating parents about the features to look for in a sun-protective hat and/or offering proper hats for sale or to be ordered. Policy might be implemented to more strongly encourage, or possibly require, hat-wearing for outdoor activities at this level. As these children proceed into secondary school, they might be less likely to object to hats.

Secondary School

Teenagers are notoriously fashion conscious. For any success with a campaign to encourage hat-wearing in secondary school it might be necessary to allow students considerable flexibility in their choice of a hat. Although baseball caps are not ideal, one school of thought among sun safety advocates is that “Any hat is better than no hat.” For students who object to a hat that disturbs their coiffure, a large clip-on visor could be a satisfactory compromise.

44

Most school or physical education uniforms are not particularly stylish but they are worn because it’s the rule. If only one or a limited number of hats is allowed (equalizing the fashion disadvantage to every student), and if effective incentives are provided for wearing the hat, reasonable success might be achievable. However, there is a significant risk of total failure with this approach.

The chance of success might be improved if students are invited to participate in determining what type of hat(s), or what specific hat(s), will or will not be allowed. Securing the cooperation of school leaders, trend-setters, and teachers in wearing and promoting the hats might help to establish their acceptability. It may also be advisable to develop a strategy for discouraging and punishing harassment of a child who does wear a hat or long clothing.

Clothing

California has granted its school children the right to wear long clothing for outdoor activities while at school. Schools can now help to prevent skin cancer by promoting long clothing.

Primary School

Parents of young children should be asked to provide a long sleeved garment for their child to bring to school and slip on (unless already wearing long sleeves) before outdoor activities. This could be called a “play shirt.” To prevent overheating on a warm day, it should be lightweight and loose fitting.

Schools may re-think their dress policy about shorts in light of the increased exposure to UV radiation that they permit. It might be a hard sell to students and parents alike, but loose fitting, lightweight long pants or dresses can be just as cool and comfortable during warm weather.

Secondary School

The traditional physical education uniform consists of a T-shirt and short shorts. To promote sun safety, schools could re-configure the P.E. uniform to incorporate longer sleeves and shorts, and a sun-protective hat, for the benefit of all students. Rather than merely recommending sweatshirts and sweatpants, choose cover-up clothing that is lightweight and loose fitting to prevent overheating.

Lives can be saved

With numerous research studies clearly linking childhood sun damage to the later development of skin cancer, a passive allowance of hats and long clothing is not sufficient. With virtually no impact on the budget, schools can actively encourage sun-safe behavior so that fewer of today’s children will have to face the morbidity or mortality of melanoma as adults.

45

SUN-PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

California Education Code

A sun-protective clothing policy should address two important goals:

1. Encouraging students and personnel to cover up when outdoors 2. Specifying the type of sun-protective clothing that is, or is not, allowed

Why can't Everyone Just Use Sunscreen?

It is very fortunate that sunscreen products are available for use as a second line of defense. However, sunscreens sometimes fail, usually attributable to user error, which can result in unintentional sun damage. By contrast, clothing is:

Cost effective. A garment costs about the same as one or two bottles of sunscreen, but lasts much longer

On average, a more effective UV blocker. Less prone to “missed spots” or “under application”

Dependable. Doesn’t wash off, rub off, dissipate, penetrate, or expire Not messy. Spillproof Not an irritant. Doesn’t cause eye irritation or acne Quicker to apply. Covers large areas in a hurry

The "Play Shirt"

When the children in an elementary class prepare to go outside for physical activity, the time savings and tidiness that clothing affords will prove to be a great advantage over total reliance on sunscreen.

The parents of young children should be asked to provide a “play shirt,” with long sleeves and a collar that can be kept in the child’s backpack or stashed at school. To avoid the time and mess of applying sunscreen to the neck, shoulders, upper back, and arms, children can simply slip on their play shirt, right over whatever they are already wearing, before going outdoors. (It would not need to be buttoned down the front when worn over a tee shirt.) Children can remove the play shirt when they return indoors. If the shirt is lightweight and well ventilated, it should not cause overheating. However, during extremely warm weather, sunscreen could be used instead.

By wearing a hat and covering the arms and legs with clothing, sunscreen need only be applied to the lower face, neck, and backs of the hands. What a great savings in both time and cost!

Legs

As outlined above, compared to sunscreen, long pants and skirts would reduce cost, time, and messiness in protecting the leg skin from UV damage.

46

Physical Education

Without a sun-protective clothing policy, a dispute might arise between teacher and student if a child should independently choose to wear long clothing, as opposed to the standard uniform, for a physical education class in California.

The California Ed. Code states: “Each school site may set a policy related to the type of sun-protective clothing, including, but not limited to, hats, that pupils will be allowed to use outdoors...”

To help in the prevention of skin cancer, and to prevent student-teacher misunderstanding, here are some steps secondary schools can take:

Review the current physical education uniform for its sun protection capacity

Re-define the P.E. uniform to incorporate items that cover more skin Consider adding hats (such as legionnaire-style caps) to the uniform Recommend that uniform items be made of fabric that has a UPF

(Ultraviolet Protection Factor) of at least 15 Define allowed alternatives to the standard P.E. uniform for students who

choose to cover more skin than the amount covered by the standard uniform

Communicate your clothing and hats policy to students, parents, and teachers

Develop strategies to actively encourage students to cover up and wear a hat for all outdoor activities including, but not limited to, physical education class

SUNSCREEN

To complement more reliable methods of reducing skin exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation (such as sun avoidance, clothing, and hats) sunscreen can be very useful. However, limitations to the effectiveness of sunscreen include the following common user errors:

Failure to apply enough Uneven application / mis sed spots Failure to re-apply

Because some amount of UV radiation might pass by the sunscreen, unintentional sunburn can occur. Think of these products as a back-up to other, more effective, and sun safety strategies.

47

UVA UVB

The sun emits a broad spectrum of radiation that includes harmless visible light as well as ultraviolet radiation. The bands of wavelengths that damage human skin are categorized as UVA and UVB. UVB rays are the main cause of the skin turning red, or exhibiting sunburn. They can fracture the DNA in skin cells, resulting in mutations. UVA rays penetrate deeper into the skin and are the main cause of wrinkling, and discoloration. They cause the formation of damaging atoms called free radicals, and can inhibit the immune system from doing its job to prevent cancer. It is important to protect the skin from both UVA and UVB.

Broad Spectrum Sunscreen

If, and only if a sunscreen effectively filters out UVA rays as well as UVB rays (which is highly desirable) it may be labeled "Broad Spectrum." When shopping for sunscreen, always look for a product labeled "Broad Spectrum SPF" rather than simply "SPF." Certain antioxidants can augment the broad spectrum protection. Look for a mention of antioxidants on the product label but unfortunately there is not yet any rating system to help you compare antioxidant effectiveness between products.

Dosage

Probably the greatest drawback with sunscreen is that most people do not apply a sufficient dose. The SPF number is determined by the manufacturer using a “standard” application amount (required by the FDA) of 2 milligrams of product per square centimeter of skin. For the average adult in a bathing suit this would be a little more than one ounce, or approximately a shot glass full. (That’s one quarter of the typical 4 oz. sunscreen bottle.) When a person applies less than the “standard” amount, only a fraction of the labeled SPF will be achieved. Studies have shown that the average person applies less than half the “standard” amount of sunscreen, which results in an SPF of only about one third of that labeled on the bottle. Sprays on sunscreens are particularly subject to under dosing. By contrast, if more than the “standard” amount is applied, the SPF achieved will exceed that labeled on the bottle.

UV causes some sunscreen ingredients to gradually deteriorate on the skin’s surface in response to sun exposure. Sunscreen can also dissipate due to sweating, rubbing, and penetration into the skin. To maintain maximum effect, sunscreen should be re-applied every two hours. A single application before coming to school cannot be expected to adequately protect a child for afternoon physical education.

These products must be applied liberally and, as with paint, two coats are better than one. Thus, Sun Safety for Kids coined the phrase: “Put on a lot. And don’t miss a spot!”

48

A History of Prohibition

Because sunscreens are regulated by the FDA as over the counter drugs, many California schools either refrained from encouraging their use or prohibited them under a “zero tolerance for drugs” policy. To overcome this hurdle, in 2002 the California state government amended the Education Code as follows:

(1) Each school site shall allow pupils the use of sunscreen during the school day without a physician's note or prescription.

(2) Each school site may set a policy related to the use of sunscreen by pupils during the school day.

(3) For purposes of this subdivision, sunscreen is not an over-the-counter medication.

(4) Nothing in this subdivision requires school personnel to assist pupils in applying sunscreen.

Using sunscreen at school

Schools should actively encourage sunscreen use as a supplement to other sun safety strategies such as hats, long clothing, sun avoidance, etc.

Parents should be asked to ensure that their child has a sufficient supply for use at school. Reminders from the teacher, as well as announcements, posters, etc. will help to increase compliance.

Adopt a plan to accommodate children who forget or run out of sunscreen. Product can be sold in the student store and a supply can be stocked in the nurse’s office. If funding allows, a large pump bottle can be supplied in primary school classrooms, and in the gym at secondary schools. (A P.E. uniform with longer sleeves and pants will lessen the amount of sunscreen necessary.)

Although teachers in Australia commonly assist young children in applying their sunscreen when necessary, American teachers tend to be fearful of touching a student. Nonetheless primary teachers can be a tremendous help by demonstrating application technique on themselves and by providing appropriate supervision and reminders, focusing most closely on students who have the most lightly pigmented skin.

Risk reduction

When it’s suggested that U.S. schools could follow the Australian example of providing a supply of sunscreen in classrooms, administrators commonly raise an unfounded concern that some child might be allergic. Fortunately, allergic reaction to sunscreen is very uncommon and, if one does occur, it is generally a minor reversible skin rash.

49

This is in sharp contrast to the potentially serious type of allergy that can occur in reaction to certain foods, such as shellfish or peanuts. Any concerns about possible misuse or allergy to sunscreen should be on a par with those regarding other skin products already found at school, such as the hand soap supplied in the restroom.

A simple and appropriate risk reduction strategy would be to inform parents of the availability of sunscreen at the school. If the parent objects to the school’s sunscreen, they should be advised to counsel their child not to use it.

Summary

Due to UV, the outdoors during daylight is akin to a radiation chamber. To help protect children from sustaining damage on the playground, schools can and should strongly promote the use of sunscreen as a supplement to other sun protection methods.

SHADE / UV INDEX

“We can’t afford shade structures, so the subject of sun safety will not be considered,” declared one school administrator.

Although shade structures may indeed require acquisition funding there are numerous steps a school can take to reduce children’s exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation with little or no financial impact.

Avoid Unintentional Sun Exposure

Begin with a survey of your school site(s) to identify existing areas that are shaded. Children should not be required to spend time in direct midday sunlight if a shade alternative is at hand. For example, sometimes children are ushered into the middle of a field for a prolonged period of time during a disaster drill, or are required to sit at a lunch table that is not shaded. Establish procedures to shift activity and congregation into shaded or indoor areas when feasible. When there is no reasonable alternative, compensate by encouraging or providing other sun-protective items, such as hats, long clothing, umbrellas, and sunscreen.

Track the UV Index

The level of ultraviolet radiation striking your school varies with the altitude, season, time of day, and weather conditions. Levels are greater from March to November and from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. during daylight saving time. These are the periods when sun safety should be most strongly promoted.

The Ultraviolet Index is calculated daily to forecast the strength of ultraviolet radiation across the nation. You can determine the UV Index for your area by logging on to the EPA website at www.epa.gov/sunwise. Click on “UV Index Forecast,” and search by entering your zip code.

50

Kickoff your sun safety program each year during the first week of March, on the first day of spring, or during Wellness Week with announcements, reminders, instruction, etc. Between March and November (or year-round in high UV areas) heighten awareness by tracking and communicating the UV Index to the school community, accompanied by appropriate warnings and sun safety tips when the level is high.

Shade Trees

Trees can not only provide shade for outdoor activities, they can also help to keep school buildings cooler, reducing air conditioning costs. Look for sites on the campus that could benefit from tree shade.

Mr. Frank McDonough, horticulturist at the Los Angeles Arboretum, has provided his recommendations for the best shade trees for use on Southern California campuses. See his list on our trees.

Through their "Campus Forestry" program, Tree People (a California nonprofit) assists schools to design and develop a tree-planting program involving the participation of students, staff, and parents. Visit their website at http://www.treepeople.org/

Scheduling of Outdoor Activities

There usually aren’t sufficient resources for making substantial changes, but try to take advantage of lower UV levels before 10:00 a.m. and after 4:00 p.m. by prioritizing outdoor activities during those periods. Between 10 and 4, which is of course most of the school day, don’t discourage outdoor physical activity but, particularly during the high UV season, strongly promote sun safety measures to “Block the sun; Not the fun.”

In areas of the country where winters are cold, there is usually a gymnasium, even at elementary schools, to provide children with a protected environment for physical activity. During sunny weather, capitalize on a gym’s capacity to protect against UV radiation as well.

Architecture

The area adjacent to a building can sometimes be a good source of shade. Locate and encourage the utilization of such existing areas. Any plans for new construction or remodeling should include shade provision as an important and desirable feature. Factors such as height, positioning of the building(s) on the lot, overhangs, and breezeways can significantly increase shade availability.

51

Shade Structures

The lunch area and the young children’s play equipment are two sites commonly found on school campuses where shade is highly desirable. In some cases, a shade structure might be the best solution. Over the lunch area, a steel roofed structure might be the best choice due to the added rain-protective feature. For play equipment and large or irregular shaped areas, a UV-blocking fabric cover would be a logical choice.

Of course it wouldn’t be possible or even desirable, to shade the entire school campus. However, reasonable efforts can be made to increase the shade options currently available to the students and staff. When shade structures are desired, check for available grant, state, or local resources, and partner with parent groups to organize a fundraising drive.

SUNGLASSES

There is evidence to indicate that protecting the eyes from ultraviolet radiation may prevent the development of cataracts. The recent amendments to the California Education Code do not specifically include sunglasses, yet they are an important component of personal sun safety.

You’ll put your Eye out, kid!

Many schools discourage or do not allow students to wear sunglasses. Administrators have voiced a variety of negative opinions, such as “they might break,” “they might cause an injury,” “kids will lose them.” Yet, many children with vision impairment routinely wear their corrective lenses on the playground so it is difficult to fully justify these reservations. With a health benefit attributable to wearing sunglasses, is it in children’s best interest to prohibit them?

Nurture Informed Decision-Making

Parents and students can make their own informed decision after weighing the potential benefit against the cost and possible danger associated with wearing sunglasses. Develop a plan to inform parents and students that sunglasses are allowed and, while disclaiming liability, provide tips on sunglasses safety. For example, the lenses should provide 100% protection against UVA and UVB, and a sports band will help to hold them onto the head.

CURRICULUM

Classroom instruction is a very important component of a school sun safety program. A single intervention, such as a one-time school assembly, can be impressive but for maximum effectiveness children should receive age-appropriate sun safety instruction at every grade level. Fortunately, excellent educational materials already exist which have been designed for use by classroom teachers in existing school programs.

52

Primary School

Young children will benefit from learning how the sun’s invisible UV rays can damage the skin. They can be taught the basic skills for personal sun safety, and can be motivated to protect against overexposure.

Secondary School

Teenage students will learn about skin cancer, what causes it, and how it can be prevented. The glamour of sun tanning can be debunked by demonstrating the very ugly effects of chronic overexposure.

School Policy Reinforcement

Classroom sun safety education can include a review of the school’s sun safety policies and recommendations. Discussion might center on whether the students could do a better job of protecting themselves.

Resources fortunately, excellent instructional materials already exist, designed specifically for use by classroom teachers. Check our [link: Resources - Curriculum page] for a list and description of available products.

Ideas for Secondary School Projects Involving Sun Safety

One of the best ways to learn a subject is to teach it. Here are a few ideas for projects that could be undertaken by secondary school students with the objective of teaching or promoting sun safety to others:

PERSONNEL

Those who supervise outdoor activities, teach physical education, or provide grounds keeping services exemplify school employees who spend a significant portion of their time working outdoors.

Risk Reduction

In California, an employee injury that arises out of and in the course of employment is generally compensable through the workers' compensation system. With respect to skin cancer, California [Labor Code Section 3212.11] specifies that if a lifeguard develops skin cancer during the course of employment it will be considered work-related.

Compared to a lifeguard, who might not develop skin cancer until sometime after leaving the job, it is more likely that a school employee will develop skin cancer while still employed in outdoor work. Schools might wish to consider whether this poses a risk management issue.

53

Good Policy

All school personnel should be aware of the dangers associated with overexposure to ultraviolet radiation and be well acquainted with methods of sun protection. The Director of Nursing Services might conduct in-service training, issue periodic reminders and sun safety tips, and of course serve as a model of sun-safe behavior.

While there may be a financial constraint against requiring (as opposed to encouraging) that students wear a hat when outdoors, it might be reasonable to require, or at least strongly encourage, that personnel take certain sun precautions, such as wearing a hat.

By demonstrating their personal concern for sun safety, for example by putting on a hat, long clothing, sunglasses, and sunscreen before going outdoors, staff members can play an important role in conveying the school’s serious commitment to sun safety for the students.

COMMUNICATION

Breaking News!

Some school districts have already responded to the California law pertaining to sun protection. Unfortunately, some of these same districts have neglected to effectively communicate or encourage the implementation of their new policy to the school community.

UV radiation is a significant health hazard that is encountered at school, at school-sponsored activities, and elsewhere. We hope that schools will not only adopt a comprehensive sun safety policy but also go the distance to ensure that the policy is effectively disseminated to parents, students, and personnel.

Parents

Provide parents with background information that outlines why sun safety is so important in the fight against skin cancer. Explain the details of the school’s policy and urge parents to partner with the school to encourage student sun-safe behavior both at school and at home. Remind parents to “walk the walk” themselves. Convey messages in multiple media, such as letters, E-mail, the school website, and parent-teacher meetings. Ensure that when parents search for details pertaining to the school’s sun safety policy, such as what type of hat is allowed, it will be relatively easy to find.

54

Students

Sun safety policy and recommendations should be reviewed at the beginning of each school year and again during the first week of March. This might be combined with sun safety instruction and, in elementary school, a screening of The Sun Show. Keep sun safety on students’ radar through announcements and reminders tied to the UV index, sun safety tips, posters, items for sale (school hat, sunscreen, play shirt, etc.), and of course seeing teachers who model sun-safe behavior. Send students off for spring and summer vacation with the reminder to: “Stay sun-safe!”

Teachers

Teachers might need to be informed of certain policies directly affecting them as employees, as well as others pertaining to the student body which they could help to enforce. Pre-service and in-service training should include a policy review along with general sun safety education. In order to increase their level of motivation and willingness to model sun-safe behavior, help teachers understand the stakes. They must know that they and their students can reduce the risk of dying from skin cancer through the practice of sun safety. Ask teachers to devote extra attention to children whose skin cancer risk is higher due to light skin color.

VITAMIN D

The one health benefit that sunlight has on human skin is the production of vitamin D. unfortunately, the ultraviolet rays that stimulate vitamin D production (UVB rays) are the same ones that cause sunburn and skin cancer.

There isn't very much vitamin D in the typical American's diet. Some is present in oily fish (e.g., salmon, mackerel, and sardines) milk, and fortified cereal or orange juice, but dietary sources alone are usually not sufficient for a healthy blood level without the addition of substantial sun exposure or a vitamin supplement.

Vitamin D deficiency can cause rickets in children, and osteoporosis in adults. An increased risk of other ills, such as cancer of the colon, breast, or prostate, as well as multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes might be linked to vitamin D deficiency. More research is needed before all of these associations can be considered certain but in the meantime it seems reasonable for everyone to take prudent measures to maintain an adequate blood level of vitamin D.

During summer months, particularly in the southern latitudes, some individuals acquire enough sun exposure to achieve an adequate vitamin D level. However, while sun exposure is an effective source of vitamin D, it can simultaneously increase the risk of skin cancer. When sunscreen is applied to the skin, it not only reduces sun damage, but unfortunately it also blocks vitamin D production.

55

Darkly pigmented skin, advanced age, and low UV index (e.g., winter months in northern latitudes) are some of the factors that decrease the amount of vitamin D produced by the skin in response to sun exposure. Because of the dual impact of the sun's UV rays (skin cancer induction and vitamin D production) those with the lightest skin pigment are at the highest risk of sun damage resulting in skin cancer, while people with darker skin pigment are at lower risk of skin cancer but higher risk for vitamin D deficiency.

Some authorities recommend routine limited or "sensible" sun exposure for vitamin D. However, too many variables affect the amount of exposure time needed (e.g., season, time of day, weather conditions, skin color, age) making it impossible to give a simple recommendation such as "[X] minutes of sun per day" that would be assured to provide sufficient vitamin D for all people. This introduces the risk that people will unintentionally over-expose (fall asleep while sunning) and increase their risk of skin cancer in the process. Sun Safety for Kids agrees with the American Academy of Dermatology which "does not recommend getting vitamin D from sun exposure (natural) or indoor tanning (artificial) because ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun and tanning beds can lead to the development of skin cancer1.”

The amount of Vitamin D in food or in a supplement is commonly listed in International Units (IU). Evidence is still emerging to determine the ideal safe and effective amount of vitamin D that average healthy people should ingest. At present, the National Institutes of Health2 recommends an intake of 600 IU per day for Americans 1 to 70 years of age. Some experts recommend a higher intake, in the range of 1,000 - 2,000 IU/day but the NIH warns that intakes in excess of 4,000 IU/day might lead to vitamin D toxicity. The NIH also discourages intentional sun exposure as a source of vitamin D, saying "it is prudent to limit exposure of skin to sunlight."

Because vitamin D is fat soluble, vitamin D supplements are most effective if taken with food.

The directors of Sun Safety for Kids believe that optimum health will be achieved if people practice careful sun protection year round and compensate by ingesting a sufficient daily amount of vitamin D.

Blood Test

A simple blood test called "25-hydroxy vitamin D" measures circulating vitamin D and provides a fair assessment of the body's vitamin D status. The NIH recommends that the level should be 21 ng/ml or higher, but some experts suggest that blood levels in the range of 30 to 50 ng/ml are preferred. There is no evidence that levels above 50 provide any added benefit and vitamin D toxicity becomes a concern with higher levels. Levels tend to fluctuate with the seasons (lower in winter/higher in summer) due to incidental sun exposure. A doctor might order the blood test to help in determining the amount of vitamin D supplementation that will provide optimum vitamin D status year round.

56

LINKS:

http://www.sunsafetyforkids.org

http://www.aad.org/media-resources/stats-and-facts/prevention-and-care/vitamin-d/vitamin-d

http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-QuickFacts/

http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm258416.htm.

PROJECT

TIPS TO AVOID BECOMING A FRIEND OF THE CRIME VICTIM

Dear friend,

I'm glad you go travel to another country to learn new customs and languages but beware of becoming a victim of a crime.

What you must do is move in appropriate times and places with lighting, preferably concurrency and surveillance by the authorities. You must carry the least amount of cash, if possible only for the day's expenses. You must exercise a low profile, not carrying conspicuous clothing, jewelry, or show in public money and belongings. I really hope my tips help. It's the best you can do and things you can do better. Write me soon I want to know how it went on the trip.

With love,

Mary

57

AN EMAIL GIVING ADVICE

Dear Friend,

I'm sorry you're stressing, but I know it will get better.

The best thing to do is to make notes as you read. In this way more easily remember. You can also get a good night's sleep. In this way, you will feel relaxed. I really hope my tips help.

Write me and tell me describing your.

With love,

Mary

58

PROJECT QUESTIONS

What Special Police Forces there in your Country?

GOE (Special Operations Group)

GIR (Group Intervention and Rescue)

GEO (Special Operations Group)

UNASE (Kidnap Unit)

INTERPOL (International Police Organization)

GEMA (Mobile Panel narcotics)

What to Wear?

Special Forces Groups National Police are civilian state institutions, army, art,

hierarchical, disciplined, professional and highly specialized, whose mission is

to address public safety and public order, and protect the free exercise of rights

and safety of people within the country. The members of the Special Forces

Group of the National Police have a human rights-based training, specialized

research, prevention, control and prevention of crime and the use of deterrents

and conciliation as alternatives to the use of force. For the development of their

tasks Special Forces Groups National Police coordinate their functions with

different levels of autonomous governments.

What are its Functions?

Reducing or neutralizing terrorist gang members, armed or dangerous

criminals.

Open and entry into the places used by the components of terrorist and

organized crime groups.

Run the protective devices of people and goods entrusted to them and

require special qualifications.

Perform underwater surveys aimed at finding victims, explosive devices

or any other effect used for the commission of a crime.

Perform any service whose implementation required special

qualifications.

Prominent Politicians reassure the country.

Custodian will held in maximum security prison and criminal Coastal

Garcia Moreno

Provide support when requested, usually for seizures, together with the

SRI, the CAE, or Fire.

59

DIALOGUE FROM A FRIEND WHO HAD AN ACCIDENT

Mary: What happened?

Michael: I cut my finger

Mary: But are you okay?

Michael: if it hurts a little

Mary: Let me see you help

Michael: if thanks

Mary: I take you to the hospital!

Michael: No need, I'll get Alcohol and gauze

Mary: Well I hope all is well

Michael: thanks.

THAT SHOULD DO AND SHOULD NOT DO ONLINE

You should never send personal information, it is better to remain

anonymous.

You must use a good antivirus to prevent viruses Line.

You should visit interesting sites to feed their minds.

When entering social networks use a nickname in the user name in order

to have a comfortable conversation.

Remember that people online may not be who they seem.

It is best to avoid meeting online friends face to face.

And things they do not tell you to do.

It is better to use it responsibly.

60

COMPARING MY FAMILY MEMBERS

My brother is shyer than my mother.

My father is kinder than my father.

My husband is more skilled than my brother.

My husband is braver than my son.

My son is as smart as me.

I am more sociable than my husband.

My son is nicer than my husband.

My father is better than my mother.

My mom is older than my son.

My brother is taller than my husband.

My mother is fatter than me.

My husband has the darker skin color than me.

I have longer hair than my father.

My son's eyes are bigger than me.

My mother has the pointy nose than my husband.

My husband has thicker lips than mine.

I have more tattoos than my brother.

61

BIOGRAPHY OF BEATRIX POTTER

INTRODUCTION

Name: Helen Beatrix Potter.

Date of birth: July 28, 1866.

What famous for: Writing your first book The Tale of Peter Rabbit.

EARLY YEARS

SCHOOL: In 1872 Ms. Hammond Florrie first used as Beatrix's governess. In

1878 he received his first art lessons with Miss Cameron are used to give art

lessons. In 1883 a new governess is appointed by Beatrix, Miss Annie Carter. In

1885 Annie Carter leaves home to marry Edwin Moore Potter and Beatrix

education is considered finished.

STUDIES: In 1880 Art Prize give grants a Certificate of Art Student of the

Department of Art and Science Museum in South Kensington, for freehand

drawing and model.

LATER YEARS

In 1893 the story of Peter Rabbit: Holiday in Dunkeld in September, Beatrix

sends a letter to the photo of Annie Moore son Noel, who tells the story of Peter

Rabbit, for the first time.

In 1901 Beatrix Potter privately printed an edition of The Tale of Peter Rabbit

Illustrated in black and white. In 1902 the commercial edition of The Tale of

Peter Rabbit was first published by Frederick Warne & Co. In 1903 Beatrix

Peter Rabbit doll made and recorded in the Patent Office.

FAMILY: In 1905 Proposed Beatriz editor Norman Warne, July is proposed. In

1905 Norman Warne died of leukemia on August 25. In 1913 Beatrix Potter

Cumbria marries his lawyer, William Heelis, in Kensington, London, on October

15. In 1913 Beatrix and William move into Castle Cottage. In 1914 Beatrix

Potter's father, Rupert, died on May 8, 81 years. In 1918 Beatrix Potter's

brother, Bertram, died of a cerebral hemorrhage, aged 46. In 1919 Beatrix

Potter Lindeth How to purchase a house in Windermere, his widowed mother,

Helen. In 1932 Beatrix Potter, the AM mother, Helen, died on December 20

aged 93. In 1943 Beatrix Potter died at Castle Cottage, Sawrey on December

22, 77 years old, leaving all his land to the National Trust.

In 1945 William Heelis, Beatrix's husband dies at Sawrey on August 4, 73.

62

JOB: In 1919 Beatrix Potter helps nursing establishes a trust that provides local

district nurse. In 1921Pierre Lapin (Peter Rabbit) and Jeannot Lapin (Benjamin

Bunny) are published in French by Frederick Warne & Co. In 1921 the first book

of Peter Rabbit was published in Braille by the Royal Institute for the Blind. In

1924 Beatrix Potter purchasing 2,000 acres Trout beck Park Farm and employs

Tom Storey as their pastor for Herdwick sheep breed there.

ACHIEVEMENTS: In 1928 Beatrix Potter raises funds for a campaign to save

the picturesque Windermere Cockshott Point developers. In 1930 Beatrix wins

Silver Challenge Cup for Best Herdwick sheep in the Lake District. In 1943

Beatrix is elected President of Herdwick Sheep breeders, AO Association.

YOUR FEELINGS

In 1941 an entire edition of The Tale of Peter Rabbit are lost in a bombing

during the war in London. In 1966 the Journal of Beatrix Potter, a full transcript

is published by Frederick Warne & Co. In 1967 sixty paintings by Beatrix Potter

fungus are used to illustrate PTC Wayside Doctor Findlay and forest

mushrooms.

In 1971 ballet film, Tales of Beatrix Potter, Royal Ballet dancers choreographed

by Frederick Ashton, sieved. In 1980 Beatrix Potter Society was founded to

promote the study and appreciation of his life and works. In 1987 Frederick

Warne & Co. photography work of Beatrix Potter's 23 tales and make new

printing plates for each book, dramatically improving the quality of artwork.

In 1992 the world of Peter Rabbit and his friends, animated television series,

begins on BBC TV. In 2002 on the centenary year of the Tale of Peter Rabbit,

Frederick Warne & Co. theme "reoriginated" new editions of the 23 stories,

using modern technology to improve all aspects of their production.

In 2006 the film Miss Potter is launched, directed by Chris Noonan and starring

Renée Zellweger and Ewan McGregor. In 2012 the 110th anniversary of The

Tale of Peter Rabbit is celebrated with the release of a brand new story of Peter

Rabbit, The Tale of Peter Rabbit addition, written by Oscar-winning actress and

screenwriter Emma Thompson. In 2012, a new animated series Peter Rabbit

brand is in development. In 2013 Brand new animated series launches with

impressive award winning animation studio Brown Bag Films, and created in

collaboration with Penguin, Nickelodeon and Silver gate Media. After a

Christmas special in 2012, 52 brand new episodes begin airing in 2013.

COMMENTS

I find it interesting the life of Helen Beatrix Potter tales since she think that were

rejected but gave up front and followed that with effort and dedication

everything is possible and it achieved its goal was the publication of his books.

63

LINKS:

http://www.peterrabbit.com

http://www.peterrabbit.com/en/beatrix_potter/beatrixs_life

AN APPLICATION LETTER

Dear Mrs. Brown,

I am writing to apply for the position of part-time salesperson as advertised in the newspaper.

I am a student of twenty four years old; I am currently at university in studying External Trade. Although I have no work experience, I am a reliable and hardworking. I am friendly and I like meeting new people and I feel these are suitable qualities for the job.

I am available for an interview every morning. Thanks for your consideration. I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours sincerely, Maritza Tulcanaza

Maritza Tulcanaza

64

PROJECT

TRADITION OF ECUADOR

ALL SOULS' DAY

Elaborate colada morada and bread, two products in Ecuador religious

Catholicism, when reminded of death, which for some is the end of life and to

others as a dimensional shift.

Flowers and memories covering the graves on this day long for their deceased

loved ones.

Although the practice is declining, still seen in some cemeteries tasting

Ecuadorian favorite food of the deceased who have been visiting and left your

food portion.

Also less attachment, Ecuador uses dark clothing on the day of the dead,

especially black and purple in sorrow.

Aside from the costumes, the tradition is evident in the culinary colada morada

made with black corn flour, mortiño (a plant native to the moors) that, along with

Sango rache grass adds color and flavor to the soup, cinnamon flower (tap),

cloves, boil verbena, orange leaves.

The preparation may vary, but most include discharges pineapple small squares

at the end of cooking, regardless of the recipe, red is always bruised.

There are many ways they can express a sense of brotherhood with the dead

on this day. Importantly, despite the wide inference of Catholicism today, the

ancient customs of our people are still, and with them an identity that identifies

us worldwide, so you should be very proud and strive to maintain these habits

over time.

65

JOB INTERVIEW

Michael: Good morning. Please take a seat.

Mary: Good morning. Thank you.

Michael: So, why do you think you will be a good cashier, Mary?

Mary: Well, I am honest and hardworking person and reliable.

Michael: It says here you are a good student.

Mary: Yes, that's right. I have excellent grades.

Michael: I see. Are you able to work Saturdays?

Mary: Yes, that's not a problem.

Michael: Well, I think l'll give you a try. Could you come in for a couple of hours

tomorrow?

Mary: if I can

Michael: Ok. Come in at 8:00. I'll show you how everything works and if all goes

well, you can start next week.

Mary: thank you very much.

SHOULD CHILDREN WORK? WHY NOT?

Children should not work because it is the responsibility of the parents work, the children were procreated to be protected and give those lots of love, then they grow them adequate education to have a good future and so then they can educate their children in the best way.

IMAGINE YOU ARE A 15-YEAR-OLD VICTORIAN BOY

If I was a girl of 15 years old and lived in the Victorian era would like to work in

the cotton mill because I would feed and feed my family even dangerous, they

work long hours and wages are very low, but try to take my family on and try to

take care of the most accident and my health.

66

PROJECT

STATEMENTS ABOUT PLACES IN THE WORLD

1. In Ecuador there are lakes that have dried.

2. Yahuarcocha means "Lake of Blood", which is derived from

the Quechua roots Yaguar = blood = Cocha lake.

3. Currently Yahuarcocha lagoon has become one of the main

tourist centers of the province of Imbabura.

4. The Willandra Lakes Region in Australia is considered one of

the most important archaeological sites in the world.

5. The Acropolis of Athens is the most famous historic site in

Greece.

6. The historic center of Quito is located in the south of the city

center of Quito, Ecuador, on an area of 375.2 hectares (3.75

km ²) and is considered one of the most important historic

areas in Latin America.

7. At night, when the lights come on in the city, you can take a

stroll through the historic center of Quito in a carriage drawn

by horses, the style of the colonial era.

8. The volcano Chimborazo is the highest mountain in Ecuador

and the furthest point from the center of the Earth.

9. Mount Chimborazo is completely covered by glaciers.

10. The Chimborazo, on clear days, open skies, has been seen

from the city of Guayaquil, which is 142 km.

67

PROJECT

A TOUR GUIDE

YAHUARCOCHA LAGOON

Located: at 3 km from the city of Ibarra

Made of: water

Construction: 12.000 years ago

Reason for its name: By the bloody battle Yaguar = blood = Cocha

lake. Lake of Blood.

Historic center of Quito

Located: in the center of the city of Quito

Made of: monumental buildings

Construction: in 800 BC

Considered: World Heritage the September 18, 1978

Chimborazo Volcano

Located: located in the Central Andes 150 km southwest of Quito

and 20 km northeast of Riobamba.

Made of: rash

Construction: about 550 BC

Cover, for glaciers

Dangers: lava flows

68

A PROS AND CONS ESSAY

Introduction:

Can you imagine yourself having a wild animal as a pet? It sounds

exciting, but is it right to have one at home?

Main body:

There are certain advantages to having wild animals as pets. First, it

is a good way to learn about them, because they show their

qualities, characteristics which we can capitalize on the relearning of

skills. Second, you help protect their species, because we can offer

them a safe place to live and eat.

On the other hand, there are certain drawbacks to having wild

animals as pets. First of all owners don’t know how to take care of

them because they are very difficult to control animals and eat a lot.

Also, they can be dangerous, because they could devour people

and animals.

Conclusion:

To sum up, wild animals should be in their natural habitat, where

they have ample space and enjoy freedom. I believe having them as

pets would not be right for the dangers it represents.

69

ECUADOR NATURE RESERVE

MACHALILLA NATIONAL PARK (PNM)

It is an ecological reserve and archaeological importance. Its charm lies in the

combination of desert, lowland areas of the park are dry and semi, have

beautiful scenery, beaches, bays and cliffs. It has an infinite range of marine

and terrestrial species.

The park is a true natural museum of pre-Columbian history of Ecuador and

South America. For several investigators dry forests are most important in the

world for its high degree of endemism.

Have safe, tranquil beaches, to stand out from its shores rocky cliffs. These are

the islands of La Plata and Salango, several smaller islands and islets

picturesque marine area two nautical miles jutting into the sea from the coast.

Date Created: July 26, 1979

Location: Located southwest of the province of Manabí, in the cantons of

jipijapa, Puerto Lopez and Montecristi.

Extent is one of the largest protected areas of the Ecuadorian coast and

comprises two zones: a land (56,184 ha) and navy (14,430 mn)

Climate: Dry, however, marine air masses produce moisture. The average

annual temperature ranges from 23.5 to 24.5 ° C.

¿Where is it?

It is located southwest of the province of Manabí, in the cantons of jipijapa,

Puerto Lopez and Montecristi.

¿What can you see there?

Fauna, flora, beaches, etc.

¿What can you do there?

Can visit the beaches and fun.

70

DONATION

Walter: Hello, organization saving whales. How can I help you?

Maritza: Hi. I am interested in making a donation.

Walter: That is fine. Do you want to make a one-time donation or

would you prefer to make a regular monthly one?

Maritza: A monthly donation, please. Let’s say $ 50 per month. Can I

pay in cash?

Walter: Sure. You can deposit it into our bank account. It’s First

Interstate Bank, Account No. 400 100 843. Could I have your full

name and address, please?

Maritza: Of course. My name is Maritza Tulcanaza and I live in San

Francisco and Argentina Avenue, Habana Neighborhood, Ecuador.

Walter: Thank you very much, Ms. Tulcanaza. We’ll send you our

magazine every three months and regular mail about our

campaigns.

Maritza: Thanks a lot.

71

AIR POLLUTION

The Problem

The main problem is caused by man

already reached dangerous levels in

many parts of the world. It is a serious

threat to human welfare and survival of

other beings on Earth.

Health Effects

There is evidence that there is a close

relationship between environmental

pollution and deaths from

cardiovascular disease, bronchitis and

all types of cancer. In addition,

pollutants irritate the eyes, throat and

lungs, causing sore throat, cough, etc.

Ozone, a pollutant that is also

generated by motor vehicles, has

deleterious effects on the performance

of athletes. At build, difficult breathing,

damage tissue and can cause death.

Clearing the Air

In an effort to combat pollution of the

atmosphere have initiated several

international, national and local

concern in particular the establishment

and enforcement of air quality

guidelines.

Following this, the industry is forced to

produce ovens, machines and cleaner

and more efficient methods. Micro

particles can be removed emitted by

factories, homes and cars with a

variety of filters, washing devices and

electrostatic precipitators.

Conclusion

Air Pollution refers to any naturally

sucomposición alteration.

Air pollution can be caused by natural

factors or product of unconscious

human activities.

Air pollution has consequences for

human beings, animals, plants,

materials and environmental problems

such as smog, greenhouse effect, acid

rain and decrease in the ozone layer.

Automobiles are major air pollutants.

But we can reduce this pollution when

we take measure.

72

MY EATING HABITS

My eating habits are my breakfast usually consists of juice and scrambled eggs

with bread, lunch of vegetable soup, rice with beans, beef or chicken, salad and

a drink, snack on junk food and soda.

I eat too much rice, lot of junk food, too much soda as few fruits.

What I would change would be the junk food, soda and rice because they are

fat, dyes that harm my health.

AN INVITATION LETTER

Dear Nicole

Hi! How are you? I have a party on Friday for my birthday in Tulcan.

The party has a French theme so there will be a variety of French dishes. My mom is organizing the menu and decor. You need to bring a coat because it's cold.

Just give me a call from the station when you arrive and pick up my brother. The party starts at 17:00.

Please let me know as soon possible.

Love,

Maritza

73

PROJECT FOOD IDIOMS

1) Buscarse / win chickpeas.

I will ask my father more money from me by myself now I'll keep working.

2) Give the grapes (someone).

As not finish this job soon we will be here until midnight.

3) Be something brainer.

You will not have problems with the exercise of verbs, is easy.

4) Send pumpkins (someone).

Poor Ignacio, spent months trying to get out with Sophia, but she always says

no.

74

5) Be like a noodle.

Irene gives me so jealous! It is very thin but eats all you want.

6) Cut the cod

My house is my mother in charge.

7) Getting like a soup

It suddenly started to rain and I had no umbrella. Come completely wet.

8) Import a pepper / cumin / radish (someone)

Andrew has already started dating another girl, but I do not mind anything.

9) Being bad milk / grape

Do not talk to Michael when she wakes up in the morning you always in a bad

mood.

75

10) Get him out (someone) up the pieces

It takes a lot of nerve! I always ask them to solve problems that messes.

DIALOGUE BIRTHDAY OF A FRIEND

Mary: Here is my gift. Hope you like it.

Lucia: That's very kind of you. What is it?

Mary: Open and view.

Lucia: Wow! It's a nice dress.

Mary: Try it to see if it fits.

Lucia: Ok. Wait a second. That's it. It is exactly my size. What do you think, as I

have?

Mary: It really looks good on you. This matches the color of your hair.

Lucia: Really? Thank you very much.

76

FOOD CHAIN

PRODUCERS

Organisms are capable of transforming organic inorganic

substances. The producers are represented by plants and algae,

which have the power to transform the energy of sunlight into

chemical energy. All animals depend directly or indirectly

community of producers, demonstrating that without green plants is

impossible life on our planet.

CONSUMERS

The power of consumers is from producers or other consumers.

Within this group there are a lot of species, from the smallest to the

largest predators. Animals that eat plant organisms (cow, horse,

lobster, and giraffe) are primary consumers (or first order). The

animals that eat primary consumers (fox, frog, tiger, and eagle) are

secondary consumers (or second order). Every living organism is a

link in the chain. Typically, each chain having from two to five or six

membered.

DECOMPOSERS

The decomposers are responsible for disintegration of the dead

bodies of plants and animals. In addition, other power supply of

these organisms are animal droppings, hair and wool that mammals

lose, leaves and fruits of the trees that fall to the ground, etc..

Bacteria and fungi are the main living organisms that are

responsible for transforming the organic matter of dead organisms

into inorganic substances or minerals, to make them available to the

plants.

IMPORTANCE OF THE FOOD CHAIN

They are important as they maintain a balance in the environment

and also because from all the members of this takes place the

transformation of energy, on the other hand all living things are part

of the food chain, consumers still plants primary, the secondary

herbivores and predators including man is the tertiary.

LINKS:

http://hnncbiol.blogspot.com/2008/01/cadenas-alimentarias-

clic-en-link-azul.html

http://www.ecokids.ca/pub/

http://www.ecokids.ca/pub/kids_home.cfm

http://www.ecokids.ca/pub/eco_info/topics/frogs/chain_reacti

on/index.cfm

http://www.ecokids.ca/pub/eco_info/topics/frogs/chain_reacti

on/play_chainreaction.cfm

77

OLYMPIC GAMES

SOCHI BIATHLETES CARRY COURSE LEADERS

The Laura Ski and Biathlon Center - a venue of Sochi 2014 Winter Olympic

Games next year - has hosted the final stage of the IBU World Cup 2012/2013,

the penultimate round of the 2012-13 seasons.

Most of the world's best biathletes tested the new stadium, the scope and single

tracks, sprint and relay competitions against March 7 to 10 shots.

The individual competitions include challenging tracks, which include long

climbs and technical descents.

During the Winter Games next year, the Laura skiing and biathlon center both

biathlon host and cross-country evidence. The place has two different stages,

with their own output and finishing areas and separate sets of tracks cross

country skiing and biathlon.

LINKS:

http://www.olympic.org/sochi-2014-winter-olympics

http://www.olympic.org/sochi-2014-winter-olympics?articlenewsgroup=-

1&articleid=194226

http://www.olympic.org/olympic-games

http://www.olympic.org/

78

MY FAVORITE CD

PROJECT

PROCLAMATION OF FELLOWSHIP

Name: Fellowship

Type: Street Cry

Location: Tulcan-Ecuador

When it takes place: April

Activities: Dozens of cultural, academic, art, music, sports and concerts, among

other activities.

Artist: Selena Gomez Album: Dance Stars Most popular song: Slow Down Album also includes: Birthday Stars Rating: Five Stars

‘Dance Stars' Selena Gomez

'Stars Dance' is an album by American singer Selena Gomez. Selena is a talented singer who is popular with teens around the world. She has a contralto voice, powerful music, and exciting characters, so expect it to be for long!

The most popular song of the album so far is Slow Down. "This album is full of catchy melodies amazing. Includes other themes that their fans can enjoy as well as an excellent track, "Birthday Stars".

The album is sure to be on top of the charts for months!

Rating:

79

DIALOGUE TO BUY MOVIE TICKETS

Mary: Two tickets for Pirates of the Caribbean three at 4 pm, please.

John: Sorry but there are no tickets left.

Mary: Oh, that's too bad.

John: We still have tickets for the 7 pm and 10 pm showings.

Mary: Oh, OK. Two tickets for 7 pm then, please.

John: That's $24, Please.

Mary: Is there a discount for children?

John: Yes, Tickets are $8 for children.

Mary: OK. Here you are.

John: Thank you. Enjoy the movie!

PROJECT

SOUNDTRACKS IN HORROR MOVIES

The music accompanying the films helps

underscore the scenes and makes them

more powerful. Through it, increases the

feeling of what you see on screen,

whether you hear a song or instrumental

piece.

Their presence in the horror genre is

essential to make the viewer feel the

anguish experienced by the characters

on the screen. So Omghorror sites and

Cinematically published their lists with

the best musical themes of horror film,

pieces that have accompanied tapes left

their mark on its viewers.

These soundtracks helped make famous

that accompanied the films. These

issues are to listen; we remind the public

fear that caused the tapes.

80

CONCLUSIONS

This folder has managed to meet all the basic goals I have set.

Different modules have been developed to obtain information,

organize it and scored to level the study of us. All this is done for the

benefit of us because it allows an easy understanding of the subject.

This has allowed me to experience satisfies me, as to the methods

of practice the results have been somewhat favorable. The

development of this folder also represents an interesting contribution

to the English language.