PMAR-MASE project Maritime Awareness...31 Mar 2015 MASE National Focal Points Meeting 4 PMAR-MASE...

Jan 2015 JRC 1

PMAR-MASE project Maritime Awareness

Harm Greidanus

31 Mar 2015 MASE National Focal Points Meeting 2

PMAR Piracy, Maritime Awareness & Risks

• EU initiative, as reaction on piracy

• Maritime awareness for Authorities in the region

• Africa; Indian Ocean

• Parallel / alternative to deployment of out-of-region forces (EUNAVFOR, …)

• Toward a regionally owned Maritime Situational Awareness

• Capacity building

• Based on the region’s needs

• Understanding technical possibilities


Maritime Awareness for Africa

PMAR projects Piracy, Maritime Awareness & Risks

PMAR-2 Gulf of Guinea 2012-2013

PMAR-1 Horn of Africa 2010-2012

PMAR-MASE East Africa 2014-2015


PMAR-MASE (1/2)

• Under Result 5 of MASE program, managed by Indian Ocean Commission (IOC)

• Trial system for Maritime Situational Awareness (MSA) for one year

• Sept 2014 – Sept 2015

• The real-time maritime situation in the entire Western Indian Ocean basin provided to:

• Regional Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre (RMRCC) in Mombasa (DCoC ISC)

• IOC Anti-Piracy Unit (APU) in Seychelles


PMAR-MASE (2/2)

• Familiarise operators and decision makers with region-wide maritime surveillance capabilities

• Build capacities and culture with operators, analysts and IT staff

• Enable to formulate requirements

• Get user feedback - what is useful, what is missing

• Enable scoping of future operational systems


Part of set of international activities

• CGPCS

• Sub-group on MSA

• UN

• IMO, UNODC

• Regional (DCoC, …)

• EU

• Projects funded

• Missions/Operations (Atalanta, Nestor, …)

• NATO (Ocean Shield)

• Int’l collaborations (CTF151, …)

• Indiv. Countries (U.S., UKMTO, …)

• Industry (BMP; IMB)

Compiled by Oceans Beyond Piracy (OBP)


• Real-time ship positions

• For two authorities in the region

• Combining - Satellite-AIS - Coastal AIS - LRIT

Region-wide MSA Maritime Situational Awareness


• Ships identified

• Ship positions predicted to now, based on their tracks

• Past tracks can be shown

• Updated every 15 min, and all historic pictures are kept

Real-time ship traffic picture

SHIP NAME


Normal traffic flow

Things to see (examples)

SHIP NAME


Surveying (?) off Somalia 19 day track

Things to see

SHIP NAME


Things to see

Fishing ships on 27 March 2015


Things to see

Korean fishing ship off Mozambique 20 day track

SHIP NAME


Things to see

Japanese fishing ships off Mozambique 20 day track

SHIP NAME

SHIP NAME

SHIP NAME


Things to see

Taiwanese fishing ship 20 day track


Things to see

Taiwanese fishing ship 20 day track

SHIP NAME


Predicted

wind field (NOAA)

Supporting info layers



Predicted

wave field

(NOAA)



EEZ

boundaries

(EEZ boundaries are

from publicly available

dataset and not

authoritative)


Piracy

Incidents

From IMB



Age of last

incoming

data



Ship density map

(monthly)



User manual


Ship density map

Class A (Ships > 300 GT, Mandatory AIS) Feb 2015 Satellite AIS Coastal AIS LRIT


Ship density map

Class B (Smaller ships, Voluntary AIS) Feb 2015 Satellite AIS Coastal AIS

(EEZ boundaries are from

publicly available dataset

and not authoritative)


Flag presence in the region 20 most present Flags:

---# Ships-- -# ShipDays- -#Days/Ship-

A B A B A B Country

720 1 5558 28 7.7 28.0 PA - Panama (Republic of)

558 0 4304 0 7.7 LR - Liberia (Republic of)

451 1 3598 11 8.0 11.0 MH - Marshall Islands (Republic of the)

392 2 3174 2 8.1 1.0 SG - Singapore (Republic of)

56 110 499 2239 8.9 20.4 TW - Taiwan (Province of China)

366 0 2654 0 7.3 HK - Hong Kong (Special

242 0 2029 0 8.4 MT - Malta

155 0 1135 0 7.3 BS - Bahamas (Commonwealth of the)

40 31 525 558 13.1 18.0 ZA - South Africa (Republic of)

131 0 996 0 7.6 GR - Greece

107 5 774 50 7.2 10.0 GB - United Kingdom of Great Bri

72 28 489 273 6.8 9.8 CN - China (People's Republic of)

76 0 725 0 9.5 CY - Cyprus (Republic of)

67 0 715 0 10.7 AG - Antigua and Barbuda

34 5 516 120 15.2 24.0 VC - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

64 2 612 15 9.6 7.5 SA - Saudi Arabia (Kingdom of)

51 3 481 72 9.4 24.0 JP - Japan

50 0 528 0 10.6 KR - Korea (Republic of)

27 1 486 28 18.0 28.0 TZ - Tanzania (United Republic of)

29 6 453 53 15.6 8.8 ?? - Invalid MID

. . . . . .

------------+ ------------+ ------------

4580 325 38899 4711 8.5 14.5 Total


Flag presence in the region All Flags (1/3):


A B A B A B Country

720 1 5558 28 7.7 28.0 PA - Panama (Republic of)


451 1 3598 11 8.0 11.0 MH - Marshall Islands (Republic of the)

392 2 3174 2 8.1 1.0 SG - Singapore (Republic of)

56 110 499 2239 8.9 20.4 TW - Taiwan (Province of China) - China (People's Republic of)

366 0 2654 0 7.3 HK - Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region of China) - China (People's Republic of)

242 0 2029 0 8.4 MT - Malta


40 31 525 558 13.1 18.0 ZA - South Africa (Republic of)

131 0 996 0 7.6 GR - Greece

107 5 774 50 7.2 10.0 GB - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland




34 5 516 120 15.2 24.0 VC - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

64 2 612 15 9.6 7.5 SA - Saudi Arabia (Kingdom of)

51 3 481 72 9.4 24.0 JP - Japan


27 1 486 28 18.0 28.0 TZ - Tanzania (United Republic of)

29 6 453 53 15.6 8.8 ?? - Invalid MID

63 1 480 6 7.6 6.0 NO - Norway

40 1 436 4 10.9 4.0 IT - Italy

18 17 226 207 12.6 12.2 MU - Mauritius (Republic of)

15 10 268 128 17.9 12.8 RE - Reunion (French Department of) - France

59 0 393 0 6.7 DK - Denmark

48 23 305 66 6.4 2.9 IN - India (Republic of)

31 4 281 43 9.1 10.8 FR - France

40 1 282 1 7.0 1.0 KY - Cayman Islands - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

34 0 280 0 8.2 NL - Netherlands (Kingdom of the)

21 2 269 4 12.8 2.0 ES - Spain

16 0 271 0 16.9 SL - Sierra Leone

19 0 270 0 14.2 TG - Togolese Republic

10 9 105 162 10.5 18.0 SC - Seychelles (Republic of)

36 0 237 0 6.6 DE - Germany (Federal Republic of)

9 1 227 7 25.2 7.0 DJ - Djibouti (Republic of)

18 0 228 0 12.7 AE - United Arab Emirates

21 2 157 54 7.5 27.0 TR - Turkey

11 2 193 8 17.5 4.0 KM - Comoros (Union of the)

27 1 172 27 6.4 27.0 US - United States of America

9 1 170 28 18.9 28.0 MZ - Mozambique (Republic of)




A B A B A B Country

9 4 102 80 11.3 20.0 BZ - Belize

7 7 36 145 5.1 20.7 MY - Malaysia

18 1 173 4 9.6 4.0 PH - Philippines (Republic of the)

7 1 139 28 19.9 28.0 OM - Oman (Sultanate of)

11 0 163 0 14.8 ET - Ethiopia (Federal Democratic Republic of)

29 0 160 0 5.5 BM - Bermuda - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

5 1 134 19 26.8 19.0 KE - Kenya (Republic of)

10 0 137 0 13.7 VU - Vanuatu (Republic of)

11 1 132 2 12.0 2.0 LU - Luxembourg

14 1 121 12 8.6 12.0 IR - Iran (Islamic Republic of)

15 0 116 0 7.7 GI - Gibraltar - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

12 2 109 4 9.1 2.0 BE - Belgium

5 1 90 21 18.0 21.0 MG - Madagascar (Republic of)

3 3 18 81 6.0 27.0 ID - Indonesia (Republic of)

5 0 91 0 18.2 KH - Cambodia (Kingdom of)

10 0 88 0 8.8 PW - Palau (Republic of)

15 0 86 0 5.7 PT - Madeira - Portugal

5 1 75 6 15.0 6.0 CK - Cook Islands - New Zealand

8 1 79 2 9.9 2.0 MN - Mongolia

18 0 79 0 4.4 KW - Kuwait (State of)

5 0 78 0 15.6 HR - Croatia (Republic of)

6 1 67 11 11.2 11.0 PT - Portugal

4 0 71 0 17.8 MD - Moldova (Republic of)

6 0 70 0 11.7 KN - Saint Kitts and Nevis (Federation of)

8 0 70 0 8.8 TH - Thailand

7 0 68 0 9.7 TV - Tuvalu

5 0 55 0 11.0 CH - Switzerland (Confederation of)

4 0 54 0 13.5 YE - Yemen (Republic of)

4 0 53 0 13.3 BB - Barbados

4 0 52 0 13.0 LT - Lithuania (Republic of)

8 0 52 0 6.5 RU - Russian Federation

7 0 49 0 7.0 AN - Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba - Curaçao - Sint Maarten (Dutch part) (Netherlands)

5 0 46 0 9.2 BH - Bahrain (Kingdom of)

4 2 41 3 10.3 1.5 AU - Australia

0 20 0 43 2.1 ME - Montenegro

3 0 42 0 14.0 LK - Sri Lanka (Democratic Socialist Republic of)

6 0 39 0 6.5 TF - Kerguelen Islands - France

3 1 31 6 10.3 6.0 DM - Dominica (Commonwealth of)

6 0 37 0 6.2 VN - Viet Nam (Socialist Republic of)

0 2 0 32 16.0 VG - British Virgin Islands - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland




A B A B A B Country

2 0 29 0 14.5 QA - Qatar (State of)

1 0 28 0 28.0 BN - Brunei Darussalam

1 0 28 0 28.0 HN - Honduras (Republic of)

1 0 28 0 28.0 NU - Niue - New Zealand

2 0 23 0 11.5 LB - Lebanon

1 0 20 0 20.0 NG - Nigeria (Federal Republic of)

1 0 17 0 17.0 AR - Argentine Republic

1 0 16 0 16.0 KP - Democratic People's Republic of Korea

2 0 16 0 8.0 LV - Latvia (Republic of)

3 0 12 0 4.0 KI - Kiribati (Republic of)

1 0 10 0 10.0 TF - Crozet Archipelago - France

2 0 8 0 4.0 JO - Jordan (Hashemite Kingdom of)

1 2 2 6 2.0 3.0 MV - Maldives (Republic of)

1 0 8 0 8.0 PK - Pakistan (Islamic Republic of)

1 0 8 0 8.0 VE - Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

1 0 7 0 7.0 AX - Alaska (State of) - United States of America

1 0 7 0 7.0 TN - Tunisia

1 0 6 0 6.0 BD - Bangladesh (People's Republic of)

0 1 0 6 6.0 CA - Canada

1 1 3 3 3.0 3.0 HU - Hungary

1 0 5 0 5.0 SE - Sweden

1 0 4 0 4.0 GQ - Equatorial Guinea (Republic of)

0 1 0 3 3.0 BR - Brazil (Federative Republic of)

1 0 2 0 2.0 FO - Faroe Islands - Denmark

1 0 2 0 2.0 JM - Jamaica

1 0 1 0 1.0 AD - Andorra (Principality of)

1 0 1 0 1.0 AL - Albania (Republic of)

1 0 1 0 1.0 BO - Bolivia (Plurinational State of)

1 0 1 0 1.0 CD - Democratic Republic of the Congo

1 0 1 0 1.0 FI - Finland

1 0 1 0 1.0 TC - Turks and Caicos Islands - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

------------+ ------------+ ------------

4580 325 38899 4711 8.5 14.5 Total

Total: 111 Flags seen in the whole area in Feb 2015 4905 Ships, staying on average 9 days in the region


Ship statistics per Country EEZ


A B A B A B Country

56 0 182 0 3.3 PA - Panama (Republic

10 4 65 85 6.5 21.3 SC - Seychelles (Repub

50 0 118 0 2.4 MH - Marshall Islands

45 0 100 0 2.2 LR - Liberia (Republic

38 0 79 0 2.1 SG - Singapore (Republi

25 0 72 0 2.9 BS - Bahamas (Commonwea

23 0 67 0 2.9 MT - Malta


9 0 56 0 6.2 KR - Korea (Republic of

3 8 23 32 7.7 4.0 TW - Taiwan (Province o

2 4 35 12 17.5 3.0 MU - Mauritius (Republi

1 2 1 37 1.0 18.5 TR - Turkey

16 0 37 0 2.3 GR - Greece

8 0 35 0 4.4 IT - Italy

1 1 4 27 4.0 27.0 FR - France


3 0 29 0 9.7 RE - Reunion (French Dep

1 1 2 27 2.0 27.0 US - United States of Am

1 0 28 0 28.0 ?? - Invalid MID

1 0 28 0 28.0 QA - Qatar (State of)

. . . . . .

------------+ ------------+ ------------

373 24 1183 268 3.2 11.2 Total

Seychelles




A B A B A B Country

12 48 86 777 7.2 16.2 TW - Taiwan (Province of China))

219 0 574 0 2.6 PA - Panama (Republic of)


151 0 396 0 2.6 HK - Hong Kong (Special Administrative)

136 0 373 0 2.7 SG - Singapore (Republic of)

146 0 371 0 2.5 MH - Marshall Islands (Republic of the)

69 0 219 0 3.2 MT - Malta

8 15 103 112 12.9 7.5 MU - Mauritius (Republic of)

7 2 178 29 25.4 14.5 ?? - Invalid MID

42 0 114 0 2.7 GR - Greece




6 0 64 0 10.7 ES - Spain

23 0 63 0 2.7 GB - United Kingdom of Great Britain and



20 0 40 0 2.0 BM - Bermuda - United Kingdom of Great

11 0 37 0 3.4 IT - Italy

3 0 35 0 11.7 VC - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

. . . . . .

------------+ ------------+ ------------

1272 82 3922 969 3.1 11.8 Total

Mauritius



Madagascar


A B A B A B Country



132 0 356 0 2.7 MH - Marshall Islands (Republic



72 0 233 0 3.2 MT - Malta

2 8 5 199 2.5 24.9 TW - Taiwan (Province of China)

42 0 116 0 2.8 BS - Bahamas (Commonwealth of)

39 0 115 0 2.9 GR - Greece


4 1 87 2 21.8 2.0 MG - Madagascar (Republic of)

6 0 72 0 12.0 JP - Japan


4 0 58 0 14.5 LU - Luxembourg


21 0 52 0 2.5 GB - United Kingdom of Great Britain


12 0 47 0 3.9 IT - Italy

4 1 33 9 8.3 9.0 RE - Reunion (French Department of)

16 0 40 0 2.5 BM - Bermuda - United Kingdom of Great

. . . . . .

------------+ ------------+ ------------

1163 21 3523 250 3.0 11.9 Total



Somalia


A B A B A B Country


10 0 81 0 8.1 TG - Togolese Republic



16 12 31 21 1.9 1.8 IN - India (Republic of)

6 0 52 0 8.7 SL - Sierra Leone


2 1 31 2 15.5 2.0 KM - Comoros (Union of the)

2 0 30 0 15.0 KH - Cambodia (Kingdom of)

5 0 25 0 5.0 BS - Bahamas (Commonwealth


13 0 23 0 1.8 GB - United Kingdom of Great

4 0 22 0 5.5 TZ - Tanzania (United

4 0 19 0 4.8 US - United States of America

4 0 15 0 3.8 JP - Japan

13 0 14 0 1.1 MT - Malta

3 0 14 0 4.7 PW - Palau (Republic of)

1 0 11 0 11.0 DJ - Djibouti (Republic of)

1 0 10 0 10.0 CK - Cook Islands - New Zealand

3 0 9 0 3.0 ?? - Invalid MID

------------+ ------------+ ------------

215 13 759 23 3.5 1.8 Total


Ship statistics per Flag

Flag Taiwan Flag Japan


Piracy impact on maritime transport routes

in the Western Indian Ocean

North-bound (green) and South-bound (red) traffic, crossing the Indian Ocean and connecting the two yellow polygons (left).

LRIT EU-Flag traffic, 2nd semester 2009 Vespe M. and Greidanus H. : ‘The Declining Impact of Piracy on Maritime Transport in the Indian Ocean: Statistical Analysis of 5-year Vessel Tracking Data’, paper currently under revision.

2009


Time series of traffic crossing the Indian Ocean in the 5-year period showing the effect of piracy and its progressive decline in deviating maritime traffic. Each figure shows 6-month colour-coded trips (LRIT EU ships).

Piracy Incidents

Source: EU Naval Force – Somalia

Vespe M. and Greidanus H. : ‘The Declining Impact of Piracy on Maritime Transport in the Indian Ocean: Statistical Analysis of 5-year Vessel Tracking Data’, paper currently under revision.



2010 2011

2012 2013


LRIT derived Speed Over Ground distributions change over the 5 years along the paths under analysis. A progressive reduction of speed can be observed. The second mode around 18 knots also disappears.

Vespe M. and Greidanus H. : ‘The Declining Impact of Piracy on Maritime Transport in the Indian Ocean: Statistical Analysis of 5-year Vessel Tracking Data’, paper currently under revision.



2009

2014

Speeds


Sources of ship position reports

Satellite AIS

Coastal AIS

LRIT EU Flags

Monthly ship density (Feb 2015)


• Satellite AIS

• Government: Norway

• Commercial: exactEarth, Orbcomm/LuxSpace, SpaceQuest

• Total: up to 17 satellites

• Coastal AIS

• Government: MSSIS

• Commercial: exactEarth, Orbcomm/LuxSpace

• LRIT

• Government: Flags that use the EU LRIT Data Centre via EMSA

Sources of ship position reports


Messages in one day (1 Jan 2015)

Sat AIS

Class A

456k

Sat AIS

Class B

7k

LRIT

EU Flag

0.6k

Coast AIS

Class A

75k


# Ships each day


Additional # ships each day


Additional value of AIS satellites

Gulf of Guinea, Jan 2013 - # Ships seen per day

8 Satellites: exactEarth, SpaceQuest,

LuxSpace, Orbcomm, Norway


# Days seen Sat AIS

Class A

LRIT

EU Flag

Sat AIS

Class B


# Msg / Day Sat AIS

Class A

LRIT

EU Flag

Sat AIS

Class B


PMAR positions in SeaVision

SeaVision, Sat-AIS off


PMAR positions in SeaVision

SeaVision, Sat-AIS off + PMAR positions


Gulf of Guinea 20 Jan 2013

17:45 UTC

Radarsat-2

Wide Fine mode 8 m resolution

150 km swath

Radarsat-2 image

© MDA 2013

Space-based imaging of the seas: See Ships and Oil pollution


Comparing known ships ( ) with ships detected by satellite ( , )

Satellites used:

Cosmo-Skymed – provided by Italian Space Agency

TerraSAR-X – provided by DLR

Radarsat-2 – commercial from MDA/KSAT

Gulf of Guinea, Jan-Mar 2013

50 % of the ships detected by satellite is not seen on

the reporting systems, i.e. is unknown to the authorities

Cosmo-Skymed Provided by Italian Space Agency

TerraSAR-X Provided by DLR

Radarsat-2 Commercial from MDA/KSAT


MSA enablers – Data sources

Data Area Update Cost/km2

Coastal AIS Terr Wat Continuous $

Coastal radar Terr Wat Continuous $$$

LRIT Regional <6 hr $

VMS EEZ 2 hr $$

Sat-AIS Global 1-4 hr $$

Sat images 50-400km 1-10 day $...$$$

in real time .. .. $$$

Call-in HRA 1 day $$

Patrol TTW-EEZ ++ day $$$$

Future systems (Light AIS, …)


• PMAR demonstrates what level of MSA (Maritime Situational Awareness) is achievable at regional scales

• For counter-piracy, bridging the current gap between

MSA maintained by foreign naval forces

• For maritime security, building up a maritime surveillance culture

Regionally owned MSA

Conclusions


Current PMAR-MASE project ends Oct 2015

Possible next steps

• Current project: Extend access to a few other users?

• Specify requirements for MSA system for the Regional Information Fusion Centre(s) being set up

• Continue PMAR trial use in RIFC

• Operational use in RIFC

• Commercial data (Satellite AIS)

• Commercial service (Data MSA picture)

Way ahead


www.jrc.ec.europa.eu Contact: [email protected]

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Supporting legislation

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PMAR-MASE project Maritime Awareness...31 Mar 2015 MASE National Focal Points Meeting 4 PMAR-MASE...

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