Evaluare Riscuri Mase

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    Introduction

    Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), including manual handling injuries,

    are the most common type of occupational ill health in the UK and their prevention

    is a priority for HSC/E. It is important to remember that:

    I things can be done to prevent MSDs;

    I preventative measures are cost-effective;

    I you cannot prevent all MSDs, so early reporting of symptoms, proper treatment

    and suitable rehabilitation is essential.

    The steps to follow

    The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 (as amended) establish a clear

    hierarchy of measures for dealing with risks from manual handling. These are:

    I avoid hazardous manual handling operations so far as reasonably practicable;

    I assess any hazardous manual handling operations that cannot be avoided; andI reduce the risk of injury so far as reasonably practicable.

    The MAC

    The Manual Handling Assessment Charts (MAC) is a new tool designed to help

    health and safety inspectors assess the most common risk factors in lifting (and

    lowering), carrying and team handling operations. Employers, safety officers, safety

    representatives and others may also find the MAC useful to identify high-risk

    manual handling operations and help them complete their risk assessments.

    Structure of the MAC

    There are three types of assessment that can be carried out with the MAC:

    I lifting operations pages 2-5;

    I carrying operations pages 6-9;

    I team handling operations pages 9-11.

    For each type of assessment there is an assessment guide and a flow chart.

    There is a score sheet to complete on page 12.

    Note:

    The MAC is not appropriate for some manual handling operations, for example

    those that involve pushing and pulling. Its use does not comprise a full riskassessment (see Manual handling, Further reading). You must consider individual

    and psychosocial issues when completing the score sheet. Also, the MAC is not

    designed to assess risks from workplace upper limb disorders (see Upper limb

    disorders in the workplace, see Further reading).

    Health and Safety

    Executive

    Manual handling assessment

    charts

    1 of 13 pages

    This is a web-friendly

    version of leaflet INDG383

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    2 of 13 pagesManual handling assessment charts

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    Executive

    How to complete a MAC assessment

    I Spend some time observing the task to ensure that what you are seeing is

    representative of normal working procedures. Consult employees and safety

    representatives during the assessment process. Where several people do thesame task, make sure you have some insight into the demands of the job from

    all workers perspective. It may help to videotape the task so you can view it

    over again, away from the workplace, if necessary.

    I Select the appropriate type of assessment (ie lifting, carrying or team handling).

    If a task involves lifting and carrying, consider both.

    I Ensure you read the assessment guide before you make your assessment.

    I Follow the appropriate assessment guide and flow chart to determine the level

    of risk for each risk factor. Information on risk reduction can be found on the

    website (see address below). The levels of risk are classified below:

    G = GREEN - Low level of risk

    The vulnerability of special risk groups (eg pregnant women, young workers

    etc) should be considered where appropriate.

    A = AMBER - Medium level of risk - Examine tasks closely

    R = RED - High level of risk - Prompt action needed

    This may expose a significant proportion of the working population to risk of

    injury.

    P = PURPLE - Very high level of risk

    Such operations may represent a serious risk of injury and should come

    under close scrutiny, particularly when the entire weight of the load is

    supported by one person.

    I Enter the colour band and corresponding numerical score on the score sheet

    on page 12. The colour bands help determine which elements of the task

    require attention.

    I Add up the total score. The total scores help prioritise those tasks that need

    most urgent attention and help check the effectiveness of those improvements.

    I Enter the remaining task information asked for on the score sheet.

    Remember:

    The purpose of the assessment is to identify and then reduce the overall level

    of risk of the task.

    Further information on the MAC, including on-line training, can be found at

    http://www.hse.gov.uk/msd/mac/index.htm

    Assessment guide for lifting operations

    A Load weight/frequency

    Note the weight of the load and the repetition rate of the lifting operation. Read off

    the risk banding on the graph on page 4 and enter the colour band and numerical

    score on the score sheet. If the colour band is purple the task should be examined

    very closely, such operations may represent a serious risk of injury and should

    come under close scrutiny, particularly when the entire weight of the load issupported by one person. Note: High frequency handling operations of light

    weights will fall within the GREEN zone, but may be associated with upper limb

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    problems. Please refer to Upper limb disorders in the workplace (see Further

    reading) for advice on further assessment.

    B Hand distance from the lower back

    Observe the task and examine the horizontal distance between the operative's

    hands and their lower back. Always assess the worst case scenario. Use the

    following to guide your assessment:

    C Vertical lift region

    Observe the position of the operatives hands at the start of the lift and as the lift

    progresses. Always assess the worst case scenario. Use the following illustrations

    as a guide:

    D Trunk twisting and sideways bending

    Observe the operative's trunk as the load is lifted. If the trunk twists in relation to

    the hips and thighs or the operative leans to one side as the load is lifted, the

    colour band is amber and the numerical score is 1. If the trunk both twists and

    bends to the side as the load is lifted the colour band is red and the numerical

    score is 2.

    E Postural constraints

    If the movements of the operative are unhindered, the colour band is green and the

    numerical score is 0. If the operative adopts restricted postures during the lift

    because of the space available (eg a narrow gap between pallet load and hopper)

    or the workstation design (eg an excessively high monorail conveyor), the colour

    band is amber and the numerical score is 1. If the posture is severely restricted, the

    colour band is red and the numerical score is 3 (eg work in confined areas such as

    baggage holds).

    Floor level

    or below

    At head

    height or

    above R/3

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    CLOSE: Upper

    arms aligned

    vertically andupright trunk G/0

    MODERATE:

    Trunk bent

    forwardA/3

    Above knee and/or

    below elbow height

    Below knee

    and/or above

    elbow height

    MODERATE:

    Upper arms

    angled awayfrom body A/3

    G/0 A/1

    FAR: Upper arms

    angled away from

    body and trunkbent forward R/6

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    F Grip on the load

    G Floor surface

    H Other environmental factors

    Observe the work environment and score if the lifting operation takes place: in

    extremes of temperature; with strong air movements; or in extreme lighting

    conditions (dark, bright or poor contrast). If one of the risk factors are present

    score 1, if two or more of the risk factors are present score 2.

    Contaminated/wet or

    steep sloping floor or

    unstable footing R/2

    Fingers to be clamped

    at 90 degrees under the

    container

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    Containers with well-

    designed handles or

    handholds, fit for

    purpose

    Containers with poor

    handles or handholds

    Containers of poor

    design. Loose parts,

    irregular objects, bulky

    or difficult to handle

    Loose parts enabling

    comfortable grip

    Non-rigid sacks or

    unpredictable loads

    GOOD

    G/0

    REASONABLE

    A/1

    POOR

    R/2

    R=6

    A=4

    G=0

    P=10

    0

    One lift perday

    30 minutes(2)

    5 minutes(12)

    2 minutes(30)

    1 minute(60)

    14 seconds(250)

    9 seconds(400)

    5 seconds(720)

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    Weightofload(kg)

    One lift every

    (lifts per hour)

    Load weight/frequency graph for lifting operations

    Dry floor but in poor

    condition, worn or

    uneven A/1

    Dry and clean floor in

    good condition

    G/0

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    Trunk twistingANDsideways bending 2

    R

    Trunk twistingORsideways bending 1

    A

    Little or no twistingor sidewaysbending 0

    G

    Trunk twisting/

    sideways

    bending

    D

    SEVERELYRESTRICTED

    3

    R

    RESTRICTED

    1

    A

    NONE

    0

    G

    Postural

    constraints

    E

    Floor level or belowand/or abovehead height 3

    R

    Below knee and/orabove elbowheight 1

    A

    Above knee and/orbelow elbowheight 0

    G

    Vertical lift

    region

    C

    POOR

    2R

    REASONABLE

    1

    A

    GOOD

    0

    G

    Grip on

    the load

    F

    FAR: upper armangled and trunkbent forward 6

    R

    MODERATE: upperarm angled ortrunk bent forward 3

    A

    CLOSE: upper armvertical/trunk

    upright 0

    G

    Hand distance

    from lower

    back

    B

    Contaminated,wet, sloping orunstable 2

    R

    Dry but in poorconditions oruneven 1

    A

    Dry and in good

    condition 0

    G

    Floor

    surface

    G

    Two or morefactors present

    2

    R

    One factorpresent

    1

    A

    No factorspresent

    0

    G

    Other

    environmental

    factors

    H

    NOTE THE COLOUR AND NUMERICAL SCORE

    AND INSERT ON SCORE SHEET

    SEE GRAPH on p40

    G

    SEE GRAPH on p44

    A

    SEE GRAPH on p46

    R

    50 kg OR MORE10

    P

    Load weight/

    frequency (see

    graph on p4)

    A

    LIFTING

    OPERATION

    Please insert the colour and

    numerical scores on the

    score sheet on page 12

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    Assessment guide for carrying operations

    A Load weight/frequency

    Note the weight of the load and the frequency of the carrying operation. Read offthe risk banding on the graph on page 9 and enter the colour band and numerical

    score on the score sheet. If the colour band is purple the task should be examined

    very closely, such operations may represent a serious risk of injury and should

    come under close scrutiny, particularly when the entire weight of the load is carried

    by one person.

    B Hand distance from the lower back

    Observe the task and examine the horizontal distance between the operative's

    hands and their lower back. Always assess the worst case scenario. Use the

    following illustrations to guide your assessment:

    C Asymmetrical trunk/load

    The operative's posture and the stability of the load are risk factors associated with

    musculoskeletal injury. The following illustrations should guide your assessment.

    D Postural constraints

    If the operatives movements are unhindered, the colour band is green and the

    numerical score is 0. If the operative adopts restricted postures during the carry (eg

    a narrow doorway making the operative turn or move the load to get through), the

    colour band is amber and the numerical score is 1. If the posture is severelyrestricted, the colour band is red and the numerical score is 3 (eg carrying loads in

    a forward bent posture in areas with low ceilings such as cellars).

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    CLOSE: Upper

    arms aligned

    vertically and

    upright trunk G/0

    MODERATE:

    Trunk bent

    forward

    A/3

    MODERATE:

    Upper arms

    angled away

    from body A/3

    FAR: Upper arms

    angled away from

    body and trunk

    bent forward R/6

    One handed

    carrying to

    the

    individuals

    side

    Load and

    hands

    asymmetrical,

    upright body

    position A/1

    Load and

    hands

    symmetrical

    in front of

    the trunk G/0 R/2

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    E Grip on load

    F Floor surface

    G Other environmental factors

    Observe the work environment and score if the carrying operation takes place: in

    extremes of temperature; with strong air movements; or in extreme lighting

    conditions (dark, bright or poor contrast). If one of the risk factors are present

    score 1, if two or more of the risk factors are present score 2.

    H Carry distance

    Observe the task and estimate the total distance that the load is carried (not the

    distance 'as the crow flies').

    I Obstacles en route

    Observe the route. If the operator has to carry a load up a steep slope, up steps,

    through closed doors or around tripping hazards, the coloured band is amber and

    the numerical score is 2. If the task involves carrying the load up ladders, enter R

    (red) for the colour band and 3 for the numerical score. If the task involves more

    than one of the risk factors (ie a steep slope and then up ladders) total the scores

    on the score sheet. Enter the ladder height data and/or the angle in the task

    description box on the score sheet.

    POOR

    Contaminated/wet or

    steep sloping floor or

    unstable footing

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    Dry floor but in poor

    condition, worn or

    uneven

    Loose parts enabling

    comfortable grip

    Fingers to be clamped

    at 90 degrees under the

    container

    Non-rigid sacks or

    unpredictable loads

    GOOD

    G/0

    A/1

    REASONABLE

    A/1 R/2

    Dry and clean floor in

    good condition

    G/0 R/2

    Containers of poor

    design. Loose parts,

    irregular objects, bulky

    or difficult to handle

    Containers with poor

    handles or handholds

    Containers with well-

    designed handles or

    handholds, fit for

    purpose

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    One-handed toside or twisting/back bent 2

    R

    Asymmetrical oroffset load/hands

    1

    A

    Load symmetricalin front/two hands

    0

    G

    Asymmetrical

    trunk/load

    C

    Load weight/

    frequency (see

    graph on p9)

    A

    CARRYING

    OPERATION

    SEE GRAPH on p90

    G

    SEE GRAPH on p94

    A

    SEE GRAPH on p96

    R

    50 kg OR MORE10

    P

    Carry

    distance

    H 2 m-4 m 0G

    4 m-10 m

    1

    A

    10 m or more3

    R

    POOR

    2

    R

    REASONABLE

    1

    A

    GOOD

    0

    G

    Grip on

    the load

    E

    Contaminated,wet, sloping orunstable 2

    R

    Dry but in poorconditions oruneven 1

    A

    Dry and in goodcondition

    0

    G

    Floorsurface

    F

    Two or morefactors present

    2

    R

    One factorpresent

    1

    A

    No factorspresent

    0

    G

    Other

    environmental

    factors

    G

    Please insert the colour and

    numerical scores on the

    score sheet on page 12

    FAR: upper armangled and trunkbent forward 6

    R

    MODERATE: upperarm angled ortrunk bent forward

    3

    A

    CLOSE: upper armvertical/trunkupright 0

    G

    Hand distance

    from lower

    back

    B

    SEVERELYRESTRICTED

    3

    R

    RESTRICTED1

    A

    NONE

    0

    G

    Postural

    constraints

    D

    Obstacles

    en route

    I

    Trip hazardsORsteps 2

    A

    Steep slope2

    A

    Ladders3

    R

    No obstaclesORcarry route is flat 0

    G

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    CLOSE: Upperarms aligned

    vertically and

    upright trunkG/0

    Assessment guide for team handling operations

    A Load weight

    Note the weight of the load and the number of operatives performing the task.

    Enter the colour band and numerical score on the score sheet. If the colour band is

    purple the task should be examined very closely, such operations may represent a

    serious risk of injury and should come under close scrutiny, particularly when the

    entire weight of the load is supported by the team.

    B Hand distance from the lower back

    Observe the task and examine the horizontal distance between each operatives'

    hands and their lower back. Always assess the worst case scenario. Use the

    following illustrations to guide your assessment:

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    Executive

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    0

    10

    20

    30

    40

    50

    Weightofload(kg)

    One carry perday

    30 minutes(2)

    5 minutes(12)

    2 minutes(30)

    1 minute(60)

    12 seconds(300)

    One carry every

    (carrys per hour)

    R=6

    A=4

    G=0

    P=10

    Load weight/frequency graph for carrying operations

    MODERATE:Upper arms

    angled away

    from bodyA/3

    MODERATE:Trunk bent

    forward

    A/3

    FAR: Upper armsangled away from

    body and trunk

    bent forwardR/6

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    Contaminated/wet or

    steep sloping floor orunstable footing

    Below knee

    and/or above

    elbow height A/1

    C Vertical lift region

    Observe the position of the operatives hands at the start of the lift and as the lift

    progresses. Always assess the worst case scenario. Use the following illustrations

    as a guide:

    D Trunk twisting and sideways bending

    Observe the operatives' trunks as they lift the load. If the trunk twists in relation to

    the hips and thighs or if the operatives lean to one side as the load is lifted, the

    colour band is amber and the numerical score is 1. If the trunk both twists and

    bends to the side as the load is lifted, the colour band is red and the numerical

    score is 2.

    E Postural constraints

    If the movements of the operatives are unhindered, the colour band is green and

    the numerical score is 0. If the operatives adopt restricted postures during the lift

    because of the space available (eg narrow space between team members) or the

    workstation design (eg an excessively high monorail conveyor), the colour band isamber and the numerical score is 1. If the postures are severely restricted, the

    colour band is red and the numerical score is 3 (eg work in confined areas such as

    baggage holds).

    F Grip on load

    G Floor surface

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    Above knee and/or

    below elbow height

    G/0

    Floor level

    or below

    At head

    height or

    above R/3

    Loose parts enabling

    comfortable grip

    Fingers to be clamped

    at 90 degrees under the

    container

    Non-rigid sacks or

    unpredictable loads

    GOOD

    G/0

    REASONABLE

    A/1

    POOR

    R/2

    R/2

    Dry floor but in poor

    condition, worn oruneven A/1

    Dry and clean floor in

    good conditionG/0

    Containers of poor

    design. Loose parts,

    irregular objects, bulky

    or difficult to handle

    Containers with poor

    handles or handholds

    Containers with well-

    designed handles or

    handholds, fit for

    purpose

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    H Other environmental factors

    Observe the work environment and score if the lifting operation takes place: in

    extremes of temperature; with strong air movements; or in extreme lighting

    conditions (dark, bright or poor contrast). If one of the risk factors are presentscore 1, if two or more of the risk factors are present score 2.

    I Communication, co-ordination and control

    Communication between the operatives is essential when lifting as part of a team.

    Examples of good communication would be that you may hear the operatives

    counting 'one, two, three' etc prior to the lift. Look to see if the team have control

    of the load, that it is lifted smoothly, and that all members lift together. An

    uncoordinated team lift may leave one member of the team bearing the entire

    weight.

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    2 person < 35 kg3 person < 40 kg 0

    G

    2 person 35-50 kg3 person 40-75 kg4 person 40-100 kg 4

    A

    2 person 50-85 kg3 person 75-125 kg4 person 100-170 kg 6

    R

    2 person >85kg3 person >125kg4 person >170kg 10

    P

    Floor level or belowand/or abovehead height 3

    R

    Below knee and/orabove elbowheight 1

    A

    Above knee and/orbelow elbowheight 0

    G

    Vertical lift

    region

    C

    Load weight

    A

    TEAM

    HANDLINGOPERATION

    SEVERELYRESTRICTED

    3

    R

    RESTRICTED

    1A

    NONE

    0

    G

    Posturalconstraints

    E

    POOR

    3

    R

    REASONABLE

    1

    A

    GOOD

    0

    G

    Communication,

    co-ordination

    and control

    I

    Two or morefactors present

    2

    R

    One factorpresent

    1

    A

    No factorspresent

    0

    G

    Other

    environmental

    factors

    H

    Contaminated,wet, sloping orunstable

    2

    R

    Dry but in poorcondition oruneven 1

    A

    Dry and in goodcondition

    0

    G

    Floor

    surface

    G

    POOR

    2

    R

    REASONABLE

    1

    A

    GOOD

    0

    G

    Grip on

    the load

    F

    Please insert the colour and

    numerical scores on thescore sheet on page 12

    Trunk twistingANDsideways bending 2

    R

    TwistingORsideways bending 1

    A

    Little or notwisting orsideways bending 0

    G

    Trunk twisting/

    sideways

    bending

    D

    FAR: upper armangled and trunkbent forward 6

    R

    MODERATE: upperarm angled ortrunk bent forward 3

    A

    CLOSE: upper armvertical/trunkupright 0

    G

    Hand distance

    from lower

    back

    B

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    Manual handling assessment charts

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    12 of 13 pages

    Further reading

    Manual handling. Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 (as amended).

    Guidance on Regulations L23 (Third edition) HSE Books 2004

    ISBN 978 0 7176 2823 0

    Upper limb disorders in the workplace HSG60 (Second edition) HSE Books 2002

    ISBN 978 0 7176 1978 8

    Further information on the MAC, including on-line training, can be found at

    www.hse.gov.uk/msd

    HSE priced and free publications are available by mail order from HSE Books,

    PO Box 1999, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 2WA Tel: 01787 881165 Fax: 01787 313995

    Website: www.hsebooks.co.uk (HSE priced publications are also available from

    bookshops and free leaflets can be downloaded from HSEs website:

    www.hse.gov.uk.)

    For information about health and safety ring HSEs Infoline Tel: 0845 345 0055

    Fax: 0845 408 9566 Textphone: 0845 408 9577 e-mail: [email protected] or

    write to HSE Information Services, Caerphilly Business Park, Caerphilly CF83 3GG.

    This leaflet contains notes on good practice which are not compulsory but

    which you may find helpful in considering what you need to do.

    This leaflet is available in priced packs of 10 from HSE Books,

    ISBN 978 0 7176 2741 7. Single free copies are also available from HSE Books.

    Crown copyright This publication may be freely reproduced, except for

    advertising, endorsement or commercial purposes. First published 08/03.Please acknowledge the source as HSE.

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    13 f 13P bli h d b th H lth d S f t E ti INDG383 R i t d 04/08

    Health and Safety

    Executive

    Insertthecolourbandandnumericalscoreforeachoftheriskfactors

    intheboxes

    below

    ,referrin

    gtoyourassessment,usingthetool.

    Loadweightandlift/carryfrequenc

    y

    Handdistancefrom

    thelowerback

    Verticalliftregion

    Trunktwisting/sidewaysbending

    Asymmetricaltrunk/load(carrying)

    Posturalconstraints

    Gripontheload

    Floorsurface

    Otherenvironmentalfactors

    Carrydistance

    Obstaclesenroute(carryingonly)

    Communicationandco-

    ordination

    (team

    handlingonly)

    Riskfactors

    Otherriskfactors

    ,egindividual

    factors

    ,psychosocialfactorsetc

    (seewebsite-

    addressonpage12

    )

    TOTAL

    SCORE:

    Num

    ericalscore

    Colourband

    (G,

    A,

    RorP)

    Lift

    Carry

    Team

    Lift

    Carry

    Team

    MAC

    :Score

    sheet

    Comp

    anyname:

    Arethereindicationsthatthetaskishighrisk?

    (Tickthe

    appropriateboxes)

    Taskhasahistoryofmanualhandlinginciden

    ts(egcompanyaccidentbook,

    RIDDORreport

    s).

    Taskisknowntobehardworkorhighrisk.

    Employeesdoingtheworkshow

    signsthatth

    eyarefindingithardwork

    (egbreathingheavily,red-

    faced,

    sweating).

    Otherindications,

    ifsowhat?

    Date:

    Signatu

    re:

    Task

    Description: