NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New

Hampshire

INTRO TO NEW ENGLAND COLONIES http://www.history.com/topics/plymouth

THINK BACK… How will geography impact the

development of the New England colonies? How will this differ from the development of the Southern Colonies?

PILGRIMS VS. PURITANS Pilgrims and Puritans made their way

over to New England – but what is the difference between these two groups?

http://www.history.com/topics/plymouth/videos/puritans-vs-pilgrims

PURITANS VS. PILGRIMS Puritans – want to purify the Church of

England Pilgrims – Separatists – want to

completely separate themselves from the Church of England

PLYMOUTH COLONY Pilgrims Wanted to build Christian commonwealth In 1620 – led by William Bradford –

crammed into the Mayflower for the New World – 102 men, women, and children

½ - Pilgrim “saints” – Christians recognized as being elected for salvation

½ non Pilgrim “strangers” – ordinary settlers, hired hands, and indentured servants

http://www.history.com/topics/plymouth/videos/pilgrims-in-america

MAYFLOWER COMPACT 41 of the Pilgrims entered into a formal

agreement to abide by the laws made by the leaders of their own choosing

Used later as a model for New England settlers; helped establish American tradition of consensual government

Civil govt came out of Church govt (Pass out Mayflower Compact)

PILGRIMS CONTINUED Nearly ½ died of exposure and disease 1621 – met Squanto

Showed them how to grow maizeBy fall – had corn, flourishing fur trade, and

a supply of lumber for shipmentTo celebrate – they had feast with

Wampanoags – (What holiday commemorates this today?)

Population never rose above 7000

MASSACHUSETTS BAY Intended to be holy commonwealth King Charles I granted Massachusetts

Bay Company an area north of Plymouth – 1629

First this was a business venture Majority faction led by John Winthrop

resolved to use colony for persecuted Puritans

JOHN WINTHROP Took advantage of omission of charter

for Massachusetts Bay – usually the company had to maintain its home office in England

Winthrop took the charter with him and thereby transferred govt authority to Massachusetts Bay, where they hoped to ensure Puritan control

1630 17 ships of 1,000 colonists came to

Massachusetts Boston became chief city and capital

GOVERNMENT Power rested with Massachusetts

General Court Elected the governor and his assistants

and consisted of shareholders, called freemen; few had this status

118 additional freemen in 1631

1644 2 house legislature developed Over 14 year period – membership in

Puritan church replaced the purchase of stock as means of coming a freemen (voter)

General CourtRepresentative body of 2 housesHouse of AssistantsHouse of Deputies

RHODE ISLAND Founded by Roger Williams Purest of Puritans True Church could have no relations with

English government; Anglican establishment

No church was possible, unless perhaps one consisting of his wife and himself

ROGER WILLIAMS Purity of church required complete

separation of church and state 1635 – banished to England Aided by Narragansett Native Americans Bought land from NA and established

ProvidenceFirst town in America to legislate freedom of

religion

RHODE ISLAND Refuge for dissenters who believed state

had no right to coerce religious beliefs 1640 – formed confederation 1643 – secured first charter of

incorporation as Providence Plantations Govt based on consent of the people

ANNE HUTCHINSON Believed ministers were hypocrites This went against Puritan beliefs Had meetings in her home to discuss

sermons Went before general court in 1637

Gen Winthrop – “We do not mean to discourse with those of your sex”

ANNE HUTCHINSON Claimed divine inspiration and was

convicted Sought refuge in Portsmouth, south of

Providence Moved to New York in 1642

CONNECTICUT Formed by groups of Massachusetts

Puritans seeking better land and access to fur trade

Thomas HookerOrganized self-governing colony in 1637 as

response to the danger of attack from Pequot Indians

1639 – CT adopted Fundamental Orders, series of laws providing for a govt

Voting not limited to church members

NATIVE AMERICANS Region had 100,000 NA Settlers saw NA as an alien race and an

impediment to spiritual and economic goals

NA saw them as magical monsters Settlers goal was subordination of NA Initially – NA helped white settlers –

developed flourishing trade (fur) 1610-1675

Abenakis declined from 12,000 to 3,000Southern NE tribes 65,000 to 10,000

PEQUOT WAR 1636 – settlers in MA accused a Pequot of

murdering a colonist Burned Pequot huts and killed them Pequot chief attacked settlers 1637

Colonists and Narragansett allied killed 100s of Pequots

Sold surviving Pequots to slavery in BermudaTreaty of Hartford (1638) – Pequot Nation dissolved

KING PHILIP’S WAR NA had to live under English laws (like

not hunting on Sabbath) Metacom – Wampanoag chief – Eng

called him King Philip 1675

Burned and attacked settlements in NEOver a year of brutality Metacom diedDisplayed Metacom’s head for 20 years1/10 of colonial men died

SALEM WITCH TRIALS 1692 Started when teenage girls entranced

by African tales told by Tituba Salem jail overflowed with accused Hysteria ran course 10 months later 19 people hanged; 100 jailed Almost all accused were women Most had defied traditional gender roles

or had no husbands or brothers or sons http://www.history.com/topics/salem-wit

ch-trials