NEW ENGLAND COLONIES
Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New
Hampshire
INTRO TO NEW ENGLAND COLONIES http://www.history.com/topics/plymouth
THINK BACK… How will geography impact the
development of the New England colonies? How will this differ from the development of the Southern Colonies?
PILGRIMS VS. PURITANS Pilgrims and Puritans made their way
over to New England – but what is the difference between these two groups?
http://www.history.com/topics/plymouth/videos/puritans-vs-pilgrims
PURITANS VS. PILGRIMS Puritans – want to purify the Church of
England Pilgrims – Separatists – want to
completely separate themselves from the Church of England
PLYMOUTH COLONY Pilgrims Wanted to build Christian commonwealth In 1620 – led by William Bradford –
crammed into the Mayflower for the New World – 102 men, women, and children
½ - Pilgrim “saints” – Christians recognized as being elected for salvation
½ non Pilgrim “strangers” – ordinary settlers, hired hands, and indentured servants
http://www.history.com/topics/plymouth/videos/pilgrims-in-america
MAYFLOWER COMPACT 41 of the Pilgrims entered into a formal
agreement to abide by the laws made by the leaders of their own choosing
Used later as a model for New England settlers; helped establish American tradition of consensual government
Civil govt came out of Church govt (Pass out Mayflower Compact)
PILGRIMS CONTINUED Nearly ½ died of exposure and disease 1621 – met Squanto
Showed them how to grow maizeBy fall – had corn, flourishing fur trade, and
a supply of lumber for shipmentTo celebrate – they had feast with
Wampanoags – (What holiday commemorates this today?)
Population never rose above 7000
MASSACHUSETTS BAY Intended to be holy commonwealth King Charles I granted Massachusetts
Bay Company an area north of Plymouth – 1629
First this was a business venture Majority faction led by John Winthrop
resolved to use colony for persecuted Puritans
JOHN WINTHROP Took advantage of omission of charter
for Massachusetts Bay – usually the company had to maintain its home office in England
Winthrop took the charter with him and thereby transferred govt authority to Massachusetts Bay, where they hoped to ensure Puritan control
1630 17 ships of 1,000 colonists came to
Massachusetts Boston became chief city and capital
GOVERNMENT Power rested with Massachusetts
General Court Elected the governor and his assistants
and consisted of shareholders, called freemen; few had this status
118 additional freemen in 1631
1644 2 house legislature developed Over 14 year period – membership in
Puritan church replaced the purchase of stock as means of coming a freemen (voter)
General CourtRepresentative body of 2 housesHouse of AssistantsHouse of Deputies
RHODE ISLAND Founded by Roger Williams Purest of Puritans True Church could have no relations with
English government; Anglican establishment
No church was possible, unless perhaps one consisting of his wife and himself
ROGER WILLIAMS Purity of church required complete
separation of church and state 1635 – banished to England Aided by Narragansett Native Americans Bought land from NA and established
ProvidenceFirst town in America to legislate freedom of
religion
RHODE ISLAND Refuge for dissenters who believed state
had no right to coerce religious beliefs 1640 – formed confederation 1643 – secured first charter of
incorporation as Providence Plantations Govt based on consent of the people
ANNE HUTCHINSON Believed ministers were hypocrites This went against Puritan beliefs Had meetings in her home to discuss
sermons Went before general court in 1637
Gen Winthrop – “We do not mean to discourse with those of your sex”
ANNE HUTCHINSON Claimed divine inspiration and was
convicted Sought refuge in Portsmouth, south of
Providence Moved to New York in 1642
CONNECTICUT Formed by groups of Massachusetts
Puritans seeking better land and access to fur trade
Thomas HookerOrganized self-governing colony in 1637 as
response to the danger of attack from Pequot Indians
1639 – CT adopted Fundamental Orders, series of laws providing for a govt
Voting not limited to church members
NATIVE AMERICANS Region had 100,000 NA Settlers saw NA as an alien race and an
impediment to spiritual and economic goals
NA saw them as magical monsters Settlers goal was subordination of NA Initially – NA helped white settlers –
developed flourishing trade (fur) 1610-1675
Abenakis declined from 12,000 to 3,000Southern NE tribes 65,000 to 10,000
PEQUOT WAR 1636 – settlers in MA accused a Pequot of
murdering a colonist Burned Pequot huts and killed them Pequot chief attacked settlers 1637
Colonists and Narragansett allied killed 100s of Pequots
Sold surviving Pequots to slavery in BermudaTreaty of Hartford (1638) – Pequot Nation dissolved
KING PHILIP’S WAR NA had to live under English laws (like
not hunting on Sabbath) Metacom – Wampanoag chief – Eng
called him King Philip 1675
Burned and attacked settlements in NEOver a year of brutality Metacom diedDisplayed Metacom’s head for 20 years1/10 of colonial men died
SALEM WITCH TRIALS 1692 Started when teenage girls entranced
by African tales told by Tituba Salem jail overflowed with accused Hysteria ran course 10 months later 19 people hanged; 100 jailed Almost all accused were women Most had defied traditional gender roles
or had no husbands or brothers or sons http://www.history.com/topics/salem-wit
ch-trials
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