Plant Tissues and Organs. Fig. 38.6 Fig. 38.4 Figure 35.21 Modular construction of a shoot.
-
Upload
alison-norris -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
Transcript of Plant Tissues and Organs. Fig. 38.6 Fig. 38.4 Figure 35.21 Modular construction of a shoot.
Plant Tissues and Organs
Fig. 38.6
Fig. 38.4
Figure 35.21 Modular construction of a shoot
Basic Plant Morphology
• TISSUES- a group of cells functioning together in some specialized activity
• MERISTEMS- a mass of self-perpetuating cells, which are not yet committed to developing into a specialized cell type – Terminal meristems- ends of stems, branches
and roots– Axillary meristems- base of leaves, branches– Lateral meristems are parallel to sides of plant
parts and increase girth.
Meristem types
• Primary– Apical Meristems
• Secondary– Vascular cambium
– Cork Cambium
Flowering plants have 3 basic tissue types
• Dermal– Cover surface of plant– Protection
• Ground
• Vascular– Conducting tissue
Dermal
• Epidermis– epidermal cells
• Periderm– cork cells
Fig. 38.12a
Fig. 38.12b
Fig. 38.12c
Vascular Tissue
• Xylem– Mostly to conduct water and nutrients– E.g., roots to shoots
• Phloem– Mostly to conduct sugars, amino acids, etc.– E.g., leaves to roots or flowers
Fig. 38.13a
Fig. 4.6
Fig. 4.9
Fig. 38.13b
Fig. 38.14a
Fig. 38.14b
Vegetative Organs
• Roots
• Stems
• Leaves
Function of roots
• Anchor the plant
• Absorb water and minerals from soil
• Storage
Longitudinal section of roots
• Root cap• Zone of cell division• Zone of cell
elongation• Zone of maturation
Cross section of root• Vascular bundle (Stele) = contains xylem and phloem• Cortex• Epidermis• Root hairs
– Absorb water and minerals
Fig. 38.15
Fig. 38.21
Function of Stems
• support leaves to maximize light absorption
• part of conduit for transport of water, minerals, and organic solutes
• storage
Fig. 38.25a
Fig. 38.25b
Woody dicots
• Discrete vascular bundles replaced by continuous rings of xylem
• Each ring is xylem produced during one growing season
• Vascular cambium
Fig. 38.7a
Fig. 38.7b
Stems: Secondary growth•Vascular tissue, (xylem) makes up the bulk of the stem•Form tree rings
Fig. 38.23
Fig. 38.28a
Fig. 38.28b
Fig. 38.28c
Function of leaves
• Main photosynthetic structure
Leaf parts
• Blade• Petiole• Pair of stipules
Fig. 38.34
Fig. 38.8
Fig. 38.33
Fig. 38.30
Fig. 38.35
Fig. 39.1
Fig. 39.5
Figure 35.8a Modified leaves: Tendrils of pea plant
Figure 35.8b Modified leaves: Cacti spines
Figure 35.8c Modified leaves: Succulent leaves for storing water
Figure 35.8d Modified leaves: Brightly-colored leaves to attract pollinators
Figure 35.x1 Lithops
Comparison of monocots & dicots
• Monocotyledon– grasses
– lilies, tulips
– trees: palm
• dicotyledon – roses, asters
– grapes, beans
– trees: oak, maple,
http://www.emeraldashborer.info/index.cfm
Emerald Ash BorerEmerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, is an exotic beetle that was discovered in southeastern Michigan near Detroit in the summer of 2002. The adult beetles nibble on ash foliage but cause little damage. The larvae (the immature stage) feed on the inner bark of ash trees, disrupting the tree's ability to transport water and nutrients. Emerald ash borer probably arrived in the United States on solid wood packing material carried in cargo ships or airplanes originating in its native Asia. Emerald ash borer is also established in Windsor, Ontario, was found in Ohio in 2003 and northern Indiana in 2004. Since its discovery, EAB has:
*killed more than 10 million trees*cost 10s of millions of $
What to know about EAB:
• It attacks only ash trees (Fraxinus spp.).
• Adult Beetles are metallic green and about ½-inch long.
• Adults leave a D-shaped exit hole in the bark when they emerge in spring.
• Woodpeckers like EAB larvae; heavy woodpecker damage on ash trees may be a sign of infestation.
• Firewood
cannot be moved in many areas of Michigan, Ohio and Indiana because of the EAB quarantine ( Ohio, Indiana, Michigan)
• It probably came from Asia in wood packing material.