Physio All Questions

7/25/2019 Physio All Questions

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1.increased venous return :

1. increases the myocardial oxygen demand2. followes an increase in abdominal pressure3. can be produced by a deep inspiration4. is due to constriction of the arterioles

2.chemical synapse :

1. depends on a neurotransmitter that is alwayssynthesized in the neural soma2. is independent on calcium concentration in thepresynaptic terminal3. allows a bidirectional signal transmission4 .depends on voltage-gated Ca channels atpresynaptic level

3.choose the right statements about theprocess of accommodation :

1. the lens gets attened for distant vision2. the dioptric power of the lens is higher for nearvision3. for near vision the ciliary muscle is contracted4. near distance accommodation is sympatheticreex

4.Pain:1. is sensed by free nerve endings2. is sensed by receptors that adapt very fast3. can be triggered by brady!inin4. are always located in the super"cial layers of thes!in

5.coronary blood ow :

1. increases during systole in #$


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2. increases during diastole in %$3. can get low in the %$ when increases4. is decreased by adenosine

.the following are neuroglial cells:

1. oligodendrocyts2. astrocyts3. epindymal cells4.

!.control of transmitter activity in synapticcleft is done by :

1. neurotransmitter upta!e in the presynaptic cellfor norepinephrine and glutamate2. glutamate upta!e through a 'a( lin!edtransport) both into neurons and astrocytes3. acetylcholine deactivation by cholinesterase4. norepinephrine deactivation by methylation bycatechol * methyl transferase +C*,

".perisynaptic astrocytes :

1. can release neurotransmitters as glutamate or/02. have metabotropic receptors for glutamate+,glu# that bind synaptic glutamate3. are calcium excitable4. "re action potentials

#.$etina:

1. contains bipolar neurons2. the optic nerve is formed by the axons of the

ganglionic cells in the retina3. rods have a higher sensitivity to light that cones


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4. fovea centralis has a high density of rods

1%. stimulation of a sensory receptor isfollowed by:

1. change in ionic permeability of aerent nerveending2. attaining a receptor potential3. generation of action potentials +/0 in aerentnerve terminal4. an /0 freuency in relation with receptorpotential value

11.&eptum depolari'ation produces a :

1. wave in $1-$22. wave in a$#3. r wave in leads and 4. # wave in $5-$6

12.normal sinus rhythm is characteri'ed by :

1. regular #-# intervals2. 0-# interval on the isoelectric line3. a 0 wave before each 7# complex4. a negative 0 wave in lead a$%

13.(oreepinephrine:

1. binds on alpha1 receptors and producesvasoconstriction2. binds on ,2 receptors and produces vasodilation

in the s!eletal muscle


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3. binds on beta 1 receptors and increases theheart rate4. binds on beta 2 receptors and producescoronary dilation

14.)oltage*gated ionic channels arecharacteri'ed by:

1. are used in the electrical signaling2. are localized both synaptic and extra-synaptic3. are involved in the action potential4. are exclusively localized in the presynapticmembrane

15.+ransmembrane ionic transport :

1. assist the membrane resting potential2. is done exclusively alongside the concentrationgradient3. assist the membrane action potential4. is mostly done by diusion through themembrane lipid layer

1.when stimulating hair cells in the innerear, the followingprocesses happen :

1. sodium inux2.calcium inux3.chloride e8ux4.potassium inux

1!.-usitropia :

1. reuires energy consumption2. inuences ventricular "lling

3. is increased by sympathetic stimulation4. is more e9cient under vagal stimulation


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1".+he following features correspond toneurons :

1. have a high metabolic ate2.transmit electrical signals in a uni-directional way3. are long-lived cells4. are mitotic cells

1#.hoose the correct answers regarding thehe/a/ial system :

1. lead a$% is perpendicular on lead 2. lead a$# is the bisector of leads and 3. lead $1 is oriented from 1:; to ; degrees4. lead a$% is oriented from (15; to -3; degrees2%.+he following are correct :

1. myelin is a layer of lipid membrane ofoligodendrocytes or schwann cells2. voltage-gated 'a( channels are highlyconcentrated beneath the sheath of myelin3. axonal myelination depends on neuroglia4. conduction velocity is ;.5-2 m


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3. s characterized by duration and polarity4. approximates the duration of an /0 in themyocite

23.uring isovolumic contraction :

1. phonocardiongram records the 3rdheart sound2. pressure inside the ventricle is constant3. >uguloram records a positive wave ?y@4. apexcardiogram reaches the lowest point

24.0yocardial woring bers:

1. are unexcitable during systole2. have a constant membrane potential duringphase 43. communicate to one another through gap

>unctions4. receive nervous impulses through motor end-plates in order to contract25..+he cells of the atrio*ventricular node :

1. can transmit /0 with high velocities2. have a dense distribution of gap >unctions3. normally "re 6;-1;; impulses


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1. depends on the dierence in concentration ofthe solute inside-outside the cell2. is the driving force that determines the activetransport of ions across the membrane3. is involved in attaining the 'erst potential4. is independent on the polarity of the electricalcharge of ions

2".7s blood travels from the aorta towardsthe capillaries:

1. 0ressure increases2. blood velocity decreases3. total ow increases4. pressure pulses decrease

2#.$& a/is is oriented at 8135 when the$& net amplitude is :

1. eual in lead +( and a$% +-2. maximal and positive in lead 3. eual in lead +- and a$A +(4. minimal in $3-$4

3%.(a8 voltage gated channels:

1. are active at a membrane potential below -5;m$2. are involved in the fast electrical signaling3. are activated by tetrodotoxin4. at resting membrane potential the channel isclosed

31.9dema occurs if :


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1. #$ e>ection fraction is 35B2. plasma albumin decreases3. lymphatic vessels are obstructed4. hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries decreases

32.9nd systolic volume 9&);:

1. can increase when blood pressure rises2. never changes with . euals the dierence between D$ and $4. is increased by a high D$ in a healthy heart

33.+he following are correct about theneurons:

1. protein synthesis mainly ta!es place in thedendrites2. the dendrites and cell body the main areas forreceiving information3. axonal transport is not dependent on themicrotubules and micro"laments4. /0 are initiated at the axon hilloc! region34.+he $& comple/:

1. is wider if the /0 is not correctly transmittedwithin the ventricles2. allows the determination of the axis of the heart3. is dominantly negative in the right ventricularleads4. should begin with an r wave in $1)$2

35.7s a response to increased bloodpressure, the baroreceptor ree/ produces:

1. lowering of the heart rate2. vasoconstriction in the periphery


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3. inhibition of the C1 area4. inhibition of the cardioinhibitory area

3.apillary e/change of solutes:

1. follows "c!@s law2. depends on the capilliary hydrostatic pressure3. has a higher rate of *2)C*2 that hydrophiliccompunds4. is impaired by plasma colloid osmotic pressure

3!.+he lymph ow:

1. is decreased during breathing in2. is increased by the interstitial pressure3. is higher below the level of the heart4. is increased by the activity of the

3".(a8*a28 e/changer :

1. is present in the sarcoplasmic-reticolum of themyocardial "bers2. decreases the intracellular concentration ofca2(3. is a primary active transport system4. is slowed-down by digitalis

3#.all tension :

1. is lower in a dilated heart2. is a ma>or determinant of the myocardial oxygendemand3. increases when blood pressures rises4. is lower when the ventricular wall is thic!

4%; +he strength of contraction in the-) :


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1. is Aairly evaluated by A2. s decreased when $ increases3. Depends on the heart rate

4. is increased by /lpha1-andrenergicangonists

41; Pressure*volume loop :1. s a plot of the phases of the cardiac cycle2. is used for calculating tension heat3. &elps evaluating the activity of the heart

as a pump4. is not changed by an increase in afterload

42; usts the $ to the venous return4. applies only to upright sub>ects

43; during systole coronary ow is :1. raised by endothelin2. lower in the right than in the lft ventricle3. higher in subendocardium than in

subepicardium4. increased by sympathetic stimulation

44; autoregulation of tissue perfusion :1. decreases tissue ow when adenosineaccumulates2. implies a change in vascular resistance3. increases tissue ow when oxygen supplyincreases


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4. !eeps a constant local ow when /0 varies

45; when the net $& amplitude is

e=ual and thehighest in leads 1 and a$l)the 7# axis can be oriented at E1. (1352. -153. (F54. (165

4; 9> leads in the frontal plane :1. are all bipolar2. allow the estimation of 7# axis3. can record the electrical activity of the &bundle4. when overlaid) form the hexaxial referencesystem

4!; normal sinus rhythm ischaracteri'ed by :1. a regular rate between 6; and 1;;bpm2. two or more # waves higher than 15m$ in$5)$63. / positive 0 wave in leads 1)3)a$%)a$A

4. an segment on the isoelectric line

4"; +he 9> recording of ventricularactivation shows :1. a small in right ventricular leads duringseptum depolarization2. a big # in a$% for left ventricular activation3./ small r in a$# for right ventricularactivation


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4. /' #ugular veins toprotrude

53; lymphatic system:


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1. maintains a low protein interstitial uid2. prevents accumulation of C*2 in the tissue3. begins with closed-ended capillaries

4. transports *2 from the lungs to the tissues

54; ltration through the capillary wallis favored by :1. low lymph ow2. low plasma albumin3. venodilation

4.high blood pressure

55; when arterial pressure increases :1. vasomotor area is stimulated2. /' is stimulated through thebaroreceptor reex3.carioingibitory area is inhibited

4. cardioacceleratory center is inhibited

5; atrial dilation has the followingconse=uences :1. decrease of the heart rate2.increased natriuresis3. increased /D& release

4. dilation of renal arteries

5!;angiogenesis is stimulated by :1. physical exercise2.sustained hypoxia3.$HA4.'*

5";ventricular contractility:


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1. increases with heart rate2. can be evaluated on the pressure-volumeloop

3. is estimated by the e>ection fraction4. decreases when the venous return lowers

5#; coronary blood ow :1. increases during systole in #$2. falls with increased levels of adenosine3. increases during diastole in %$

4. decreases after direct administration ofacetylcholine

%.+he rela/ation of the contractile

proteins in myocardial bers

1-is enhanced by phospholambanphosphorelation2-is enhanced by phosphorelation of troponini3-is enhanced by sympathetic stimulation4-depends on the dissociation of Ca(( fromtrompomyosin

1.+he duration of the cardiac cycle

1-is imposed by the / node

2-inuences coronary blood ow in the left

ventricle

3-inuences ventricular "lling

4-is increased following sympathetic

sstimulation


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2.7ch dependent potassium channel

1- when activated ) decreases the threshold

of fast /0 cells

2-is an inward recti"er channel

3-is responsible for the physiologic delay of

the /0 in /$'

4-is involved in decreasing heart rate

3.$apid e@ection

1- provides the pea! systolic pressure

2-produces the 3rdheart sound

3-begins "rstly in the right ventricle

4-can be evalucated on the >ugulogram

4.ugulogram

3-the "rst ascending limb on the

apexcardiogram

4-isovolumic contraction

5.hich of the following isAare true

regarding the cerebral corte/

1-the visual cortex os located in the occipital

lobes

2-the right hemisphere is responsible for

spatial perception

3-F;B of the cortex represented by


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association area

4-brocaIs area is responsible for

comprehension of speech

.>lial cells

1-cannot divide by mitosis

2-provide support for C'

3-produce and transmit /0

4-act as scavangers

!.0yelin

1- is produced by oligodendrocytes in the

0'

2-is a good electrical isolator

3-covers the nodes of ranvier

4-increases conduction velocity long the

axons

".(a88 channels of the neunoral

membrane

1-are dense at the soma

2-are will represented in the presynaptic

segment

3-are absent in the dendrites

4-are ery dense at the axon hilloc!

#.9lectrical synapses in the (&1-allow the transmition of an /0 only in one


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direction

2-can transmit metabolic signals between the

cells

3-ma!e only neuro-neuronal coonexions

4-allow a fast transmission

!%.Bnhibitory post synaptic receptors:

1.depress )e)brane conduction for Cl-

2.raise membrane potential closer to the

threshold in respone to the speci"c ligand

3.provide increased membrane permeability

for Ca2(

4.lead to membrane hyperpolarization when

activated

!1.hich of the following are small

molecules transmitters

1-/ch

2-serotonine

3-dopamine

4-en!ephalin

!2.Bn fast chemical synapses

1-transmitter molecules are large

2-storage is in small vesicles

3- the vesicle with mediator are located

further away from the terminal


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4-neurotransmitter is produced in the

presynaptic terminal

!3.7ch

1-acts on nicotinic receptors at the

neuromascular >unction

2-is a ionotropic ligand for muscarinic

receptors

3- is released by pre ganglionic "bers of /'

eerence

4-has a methacholine as a precursor

!4.(orepinephrine is removed from the

secretor site by

1-reupta!e into the nerve ending

2-diusing away from the nerve ending

3- lysis by monoamine oxidize in the nerve

endings

4-lyses by C*, in all tissues

!5.ranial parasympethatic systeminnervates

1- the cilliari muscle by n

2-the parotid gland through n $

3-the lacrimal glands through n $

4-urinary bladder by vagus nerve


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!.&ympathetic stimulation produces

1-activation of nicotinic receptors of the post

ganglionic receptors

2-sweaty palms

3-dilated pupils

4-stimulation of the secretion of digestive

glands

!".central venous pressure :1. can be measured with asphygmomanometer2. depends on the activity of the rightventricle3. decreases during a forced expiration

4. inuences the aspect of >ugulogram

!#.autoregulation of microcirculation:1. maintains a normal perfusion when arterialblood pressure decreases

2. involves myogenic mechanisms3. is important for organs sensible toischemia4. inceases perfusion in a muscle at rest

"%.following symoathetic stimulation :1. s!in vessels dilate


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2. muscarinic receptors in the vessels of thes!eletal muscles are stimulated3. epinephrine is released by postganglionic

sympathetic "bers4. vasoconstriction occurs in the !idney

"1.normal atrial depolari'ation :1. occurs from anterior to posterior in the leftatrium2. produces a negative 0 in a$%

3. can produce a biphasic 0 wave in $1)$24. occurs from left to right

"2.arterial pressure depends on the :1. eective circulating blood volume2. duration of the atrial repolarization3. compliance of the vessels

4. blood velocity) directly proportional

"3.&7( in (C+ the pacemaer of theheart if :1. 7 interval is longer than normal2. 0 wave is negative in lead 13. 0 wave is taller than ;)25m$

4. there are no 0 waves

"4. in precordial leads :1. / 7# axis at (3; is normal2. #


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"5. ardiac output :1. s higher for the left than for the right

ventricle2. is the product of end systolic volume andheart rate3. is maintaind constant in spite of bloodpressure variations4. is related to cardiac performance

". )eins :1. carry deoxygenated blood to the heart2. have valves if located below the heart3. dilate following sympathetic stimulation4. are important blood reservoirs

"!. +he electric a/is of the heartis at *!5

when $& net amplitude :1. is positive in a$%2. is negative in lead 33. is eual and negative in lead 3 and a$A4. is null in a$#

"".blood viscosity is increased by a

raise of :1.hematocrit2.plasma albumin3.plasma "brinogen4.blood velocity

"#;-ymphatic system is involved in:1.controlling interstitial volume


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2.!eeping a negative hydrostatic pressure inthe interstitium3.transporting fats absorbed from the

gastrointestinal tract4.transporting *2 and C*2

#%;7denosine:1.is an important vasoconstrictor2.is released in response to angiotensin 3.decreases coronary blood ow during vagal

stimulation

#1;the e/ternal wor of the heart is :1.the energy invested in isovolumiccontraction2.estimated as the product of pea! systolicblood pressure and stro!e volume

3.an index of cardiac performance4.increases by high preload

Physio All Questions

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