PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis song

Keystone AnchorsBIO.A.3.2.1 Compare the basic

transformation of energy during photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

BIO.A.3.2.2 Describe the role of ATP in biochemical reactions

Where does all of our energy come from?

THE SUN

How do plants get food? Photosynthesis- Process by which green

plants or organism with chlorophyll convert _______ energy into _____________ energy in the bonds of carbohydrates

________________ – Can transfer energy to produce food – can synthesize food

_________________ – Must obtain energy from preformed food – gotta eat food!

chemical light

Autotrophic

Heterotrophic

TYPE IExplain the process of photosynthesis using the diagram on the previous page. Use at least 3 lines.

THE FORMULA

_____________________ ________________chlorophyll

enzymes

Seems simple, huh? Takes EIGHTY different chemical reactions

from start to finish

carbon dioxide + water + light glucose + oxygen

Where does Photosynthesis happen? In the _________________!

Chloroplasts are oval structure consisting of stacks called grana (photosynthetic membranes) and a liquid called stroma.

Chlorophyll is found in the stacked grana

chloroplasts

Chloroplast

Light Reaction occurs in the...

Calvin Cycle occurs in the...

Thylakoids (contain chlorophyll)Stroma

ATP IT’S ENERGY When chlorophyll absorbs light, it is

absorbing energy It stores it in the __________ of Adenosine

Triphosphate (ATP)bonds

ATP v ADP

Section 4.1 Review What is the difference between an

autotroph and a heterotroph?

How are ADP and ATP related?

What are the reactants of photosynthesis? The products?

Autotroph—makes own foodHeterotroph—needs to eat food

ADP is missing a phosphate (and energy)ATP has all 3 phosphate and lots of energyThey go back and forth

carbon dioxide + water + light glucose + oxygen

2 Main Steps of PSStep 1

1. Light reactions—occurs only in the presence of ___________

Occurs in the grana (thylakoids) of the chloroplasts

Also known as Photolysis because light is used to __________ _________ molecules into hydrogen and oxygen

light

split water

2 Main steps of PSStep 2

1. Dark Reactions—can occur in light ____ darkness. Follows light reactions

Occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts Also known as Carbon fixation because

CO2 will get “fixed up” with the hydrogens and energy from the light reaction

or

H2O

CO2

C6H12O6

HO2

+water

AirPLANT CHLOROPLAST

LIGHT REACTION

LIGHT INDEPENDENT “DARK” REACTION (CALVIN CYCLE)

Glucose!!

Fluid filled Stroma

Thylakoid(has Chlorophyll)

Light Reactions1. Chlorophyll absorbs energy from

sunlight. Water is __________ _________ Oxygen is ______________

2. Oxygen leaves the plant and goes into the air

broken downreleased

The Dark Reactions1. _________ is added to a cycle of

reactions to build larger molecules2. _________ from the light reaction is

added to CO2

3. A molecule of simple sugar is formed _____________

CO2

glucose

H

Process BoxLook at the diagram of photosynthesis from the previous slide. What are the names of the two reactions that are occurring in the chloroplasts Describe what reactants are going in and what products are going out.

Section 4.2 Review What is the role of chlorophyll in

photosynthesis?

What goes in the light reactions? What comes out?

What goes in the dark reactions? What comes out?

Absorbs energy from sunlight

IN: light and waterOUT: Oxygen

IN: CO2OUT: Glucose (C6H12O6)

Nicholl

REACTIONTYPE

What goes

into it?

What comes out of

it?

(What is Created?)

Does it need light?

Does it need the

dark?

What gets split?

What gets ‘fixed up’?

Light Reaction

‘DARK’ Reaction(Calvin Cycle)

H2O

Sunlight

Hydrogen

Oxygen

CO2

Water Yes No NothingH goes into the

dark cycle

Glucose No No Nothing

1. What is the definition of Photosynthesis?

2. What are the reactants for Photosynthesis?

3. What are the products?

4. What happens during the light reaction of Photosynthesis?

5. What is made during the Calvin Cycle?

6. In what structure is chlorophyll found within a chloroplast?

PHOTOSYNTHESIS REVIEW

7. What occurs in the stroma of a chloroplast?

8. Why is the Calvin cycle referred to as the “dark” reaction?

9. Does the light reaction have to occur in the light? Does the dark reaction have to occur in the dark?

10. Why is glucose so valuable to all living things?

11. Why are plants known as autotrophs (or “producers”)?

12. If you eat a hamburger for dinner, how is it that you are eating energy that was made by plants?

13.Plants store energy in many ways. For example, a carrot is the root part of

a plant that stores lots of energy (that’s why carrots are SO good for you!!).

14. Name 3 other parts of a plant that store high energy?

PHOTOSYNTHESIS REVIEW

Process BoxThink about what our body need to take in to live? What does your body produce as waste products as a result of living?

Cellular Respiration

Chapter 4

Glucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP

Photosynthesis and food

The route from food to energy________

Goes through Glycolysis

Then

With oxygenAerobic

Respiration

Without oxygen

Fermentation

Alcoholic

Lactic Acid

GLUCOSE

Glycolysis Breaks glucose down into 2 pyruvic acid

molecules Occurs in ______________

cytoplasm

Glycolysis 2 ATP invested 4 ATP generated

___ “net” ATP gained2

Fermentation Occurs after glycolysis Does ______ require oxygen

______________

Switches NADH back into NAD+ Allows glycolysis to continue

notAnaerobic

Fermentation Two types

_______________ fermentation

__________ ________ fermentation

Alcoholic

Lactic acid

Pyruvatecytoplasm

Lactic Acid Fermentation

NAD+Allows Glycolysis to continue to make 2 ATP’s

Lactic Acid

No OXYGEN Present

• Occurs in mammals when O2 runs out

• Causes burning muscles • Acidity causes muscle pain• Broken down over time (when

O2 becomes available again)• A muscle will “cramp” without

ATP• Bacteria can also create lactic

acid – and we use them to create pickles, and milk curdles in lactic acid = yogurt!

Pyruvatecytoplasm

Alcohol Fermentation

NAD+Allows Glycolysis to continue to make 2 ATP’s

Alcohol + CO2

No OXYGEN Present

• Occurs in Yeast • Makes alcohol• CO2 gas causes bread to rise

(alcohol evaporates in the oven!)

Section 4.4 Review—Part A Where does glycolysis take place?

What goes into glycolysis? What comes out of glycolysis?

Why does fermentation occur?

What are the two different types of fermentation?

Cytoplasm

IN: Glucose OUT: 2 ATP & 3 carbon molecule

No oxygen present

Lactic acid Alcoholic

Aerobic Respiration After glycolysis Only in _______________ Require _________

_________ process

NOT THE SAME AS REGULAR RESPIRATION!

eukaryotesoxygen

Aerobic

Where does aerobic respiration happen? In the mitochondria!

_______________ are organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use

Mitochondria

2 Main steps of Aerobic Respiration1. Kreb’s cycle

o Pyruvic acid is broken down into ________ in a series of energy-extracting reactions• 2 ATP are generated

CO2

In: 3COUT: Co2 + ATP

2 Main steps of Aerobic Respiration2. __________ ___________ ________

o Uses high energy electrons from the Kreb’s cycle to convert ADP into ATPo _____________ are produced

Electron transport chain

32 ATP

In: O2OUT: H2O + ATP

MOST ATP from

ELECTONTRANSPORT

!

NADHEnergy Carrying Molecule

From Krebs Cycle

Electron Transport Chain

HH

H

32ATP90% of Glucose Energy!!

OXYGEN HH20

+

mitochondria

Breathed out of the body!!

AEROBIC RESPIRATION

PROCESS LOCATION IN OUT # of ATP Produced

Glycolysis

Krebs Cycle

Electron Transport Chain

Fermentation

cytoplasm

mitochondria

mitochondria

cytoplasm

Glucose

Pyruvic acid

oxygen

Pyruvic acid

2 Pyruvic acid

Carbon dioxide

water

NAD+

2

2

32

2

Section 4.4 Review—Part B Where does aerobic respiration take place?

What goes into the Kreb’s cycle? What comes out?

What goes into electron transport? What comes out?

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?

Mitochondria

IN: 3 carbon molecule OUT: ATP, CO2

IN: Oxygen OUT: Water and ATP!!!

Reactants of one are basically the products of the other

1. What are the 3 stages of Cellular Respiration, and how many ATP’s are created with each?

2. What is the “fuel” that allows cellular respiration to begin?

3. How is Glycolysis different than Krebs and E.T.C.?

4. Why do humans not depend as much on Glycolysis for energy?

5. Muscle pain after a workout is a result of the buildup of what substance?

RESPIRATION REVIEW

Glycolosis -2 ATP Kreb’s Cycle – 2 ATP Electron Transport Chain – 32 ATP

Glucose

Glycolosis take place in the cytoplasm. Krebs and ETC in the mitochondria

Only produces 2 ATP

Lactic Acid

6. What is the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain?

7. What is the role of NADH during cellular respiration?

8. By what process do we create products such as yogurt, sauerkraut, and pickles?

9. What organisms can make alcohol?

10.What organisms can make lactic acid?

RESPIRATION REVIEW

Final H+ acceptor

Provides H+ for ETC

Lactic acid fermentation

yeast

mammals

7. Consider a person who runs a 5K. Afterward, he is breathing heavily because he is oxygen deficient. He is complaining of weak legs and is sweating profusely.

12. Because he is low in oxygen, what will accumulate in his muscles? 13. Breathing heavily allows more oxygen to be taken in. What is the role of oxygen?

14. Breathing heavily also allows excess CO2 to be removed. What process forms the CO2?

15. Sweat helps keep the body cool. How are sweating and ATP related?

16. What is the waste product of E.T.C.?

17. What do you think the FIRST thing this runner will do after he finishes the race?

RESPIRATION SCENERIO

Lactic acid_

Pick up H+

Krebs

ATP produces heat and sweat cools the bodywater

Drink water

Light energy chemical energy

Chloroplasts

Water + CO2+ Light

Oxygen + Sugar

Water + CO2+ ATP

Oxygen + Sugar

Water + CO2 + Light

Oxygen + Sugar

Oxygen + Sugar

Water + CO2 + ATP

Cytoplasm + Mitochondria

Sugar ATP