PHOTOSYNTHESIS or Autotrophic Nutrition. PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

PHOTOSYNTHESISPHOTOSYNTHESISor Autotrophic Nutritionor Autotrophic Nutrition

PHOTOSYNTHESISPHOTOSYNTHESIS


What does a plant need to survive?What does a plant need to survive? __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________

Which of the above is organic?____________Which of the above is organic?____________


Photosynthesis is the process by which plants Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert convert inorganic moleculesinorganic molecules into into organic organic moleculesmolecules..

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert convert light energylight energy into into chemical bond energychemical bond energy..

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert convert sunlightsunlight into into glucoseglucose..


Chloroplasts are the site of Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesisphotosynthesis


Electron Micrograph of a chloroplastElectron Micrograph of a chloroplast


Formula for photosynthesis:Formula for photosynthesis:

The leafThe leaf


Occurs in two phases:Occurs in two phases: Light PhaseLight Phase

Occurs in the Occurs in the GRANAGRANA in the chloroplasts in the chloroplasts

Dark PhaseDark Phase Occurs in the Occurs in the STROMASTROMA in the chloroplasts in the chloroplasts

Light Phase/ReactionLight Phase/Reaction

Occurs only in the presence of lightOccurs only in the presence of light Also called Also called PhotolysisPhotolysis

Sunlight splits water into hydrogen and Sunlight splits water into hydrogen and oxygenoxygen

Also called Also called Light Dependent ReactionLight Dependent Reaction

Light Phase/ReactionLight Phase/Reaction

Drawing of Photolysis:Drawing of Photolysis:

Dark Phase/ReactionDark Phase/Reaction

In order for the In order for the DARK PHASEDARK PHASE to occur, to occur, HYDROGEN has to be carried from the HYDROGEN has to be carried from the LIGHT PHASE to the DARK PHASE.LIGHT PHASE to the DARK PHASE. This carrier molecule is called NADP.This carrier molecule is called NADP. When NADP is carrying hydrogen, it is When NADP is carrying hydrogen, it is

NADPH.NADPH.

Dark Phase/ReactionDark Phase/Reaction

Also called Also called Light Independent ReactionLight Independent Reaction Also called Also called Carbon FixationCarbon Fixation.. In this phase, CARBON DIOXIDE from In this phase, CARBON DIOXIDE from

the atmosphere combines with the atmosphere combines with HYDROGEN from the light reaction to HYDROGEN from the light reaction to form GLUCOSE.form GLUCOSE.

ATP is diffused from the grana into the ATP is diffused from the grana into the stroma for the dark reaction.stroma for the dark reaction.

Carbon FixationCarbon Fixation

Formula and drawing of Dark Reaction:Formula and drawing of Dark Reaction:

COCO22 + H + H

22 2 PGAL 2 PGAL glucose glucose

Factors Effecting Factors Effecting PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

TemperatureTemperature Light IntensityLight Intensity Availability of WaterAvailability of Water ElevationElevation

Graphs for Graphs for PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

CELLULAR RESPIRATIONCELLULAR RESPIRATION

Occurs in plants AND animals.Occurs in plants AND animals. Occurs in the MITOCHONDRIA and Occurs in the MITOCHONDRIA and

CYTOPLASM.CYTOPLASM.


The process by which energy in food The process by which energy in food molecules (glucose) is converted to a molecules (glucose) is converted to a form that can be used by the cells (ATP).form that can be used by the cells (ATP).

Can be AEROBIC (uses OCan be AEROBIC (uses O22) or ) or

ANAEROBIC (does NOT use OANAEROBIC (does NOT use O22))

CELL RESPIRATIONCELL RESPIRATION

Picture Picture


ATPATP Adenosine Tri-PhosphateAdenosine Tri-Phosphate = ENERGY = ENERGY Comes from chemical bonds breakingComes from chemical bonds breaking The more bonds broken, the more energy The more bonds broken, the more energy

made.made. Energy is stored in Energy is stored in high energy phosphate high energy phosphate

bondsbonds..

CELLULAR RESPIRATION CELLULAR RESPIRATION

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATIONANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

Occurs in the CYTOPLASMOccurs in the CYTOPLASM Makes energy WITHOUT using oxygen.Makes energy WITHOUT using oxygen. Glucose is partially broken down.Glucose is partially broken down. Also called Also called GLYCOLYSIS GLYCOLYSIS or or FERMENTATIONFERMENTATION.. Produces:Produces:

EthylEthyl AlcoholAlcohol ( in yeast) ( in yeast) Lactic Acid Lactic Acid (in bacteria or human muscle cells).(in bacteria or human muscle cells).


Pyruvic AcidPyruvic Acid produced by the breakdown of sugars during produced by the breakdown of sugars during

GLYCOLYSISGLYCOLYSIS


FormulaFormula

AEROBIC RESPIRATIONAEROBIC RESPIRATION

Making ATP USING oxygen.Making ATP USING oxygen. Occurs in the MITOCHONDRIAOccurs in the MITOCHONDRIA More energy efficient than anaerobic More energy efficient than anaerobic

respiration (releases more energy).respiration (releases more energy). Bonds in glucose are completely broken Bonds in glucose are completely broken

down.down.


Formula:Formula:CC

66HH

1212OO

66 + 2ATP + 2ATP Pyruvate Pyruvate CO CO

22 + H + H

22O + 38 ATPO + 38 ATP

OO22

Steps of Aerobic Steps of Aerobic RespirationRespiration

1. Glycolysis (Anaerobic Respiration)1. Glycolysis (Anaerobic Respiration)• Makes pyruvic acid, which is then broken downMakes pyruvic acid, which is then broken down• Produces 4 ATP (gross)Produces 4 ATP (gross)


2. Kreb2. Kreb’’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)• Produces citric acid, which is then broken downProduces citric acid, which is then broken down• Bonds in the sugar are completely broken down, Bonds in the sugar are completely broken down,

releasing COreleasing CO22


3. Electron Transport Chain3. Electron Transport Chain• Oxygen is the final hydrogen acceptor so Oxygen is the final hydrogen acceptor so

glucose bonds can be FULLY broken down.glucose bonds can be FULLY broken down.

• Releases HReleases H22OO


Lactic acid

CELLULAR RESPIRATION CELLULAR RESPIRATION & PHOTOSYNTHESIS& PHOTOSYNTHESIS

PHOTOSYNTHESIS or Autotrophic Nutrition. PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

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