Peter Mitchell: Diffusion is the answer! Paul Boyer: I think it actually twists!
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Transcript of Peter Mitchell: Diffusion is the answer! Paul Boyer: I think it actually twists!
![Page 1: Peter Mitchell: Diffusion is the answer! Paul Boyer: I think it actually twists!](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062223/5a4d1b2e7f8b9ab05999a11d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Peter Mitchell: Diffusion is the answer!
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Paul Boyer: I think it actually twists!
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Masasuke Yoshida “check this out.”
![Page 5: Peter Mitchell: Diffusion is the answer! Paul Boyer: I think it actually twists!](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062223/5a4d1b2e7f8b9ab05999a11d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Masasuke Yoshida “check this out.”
![Page 6: Peter Mitchell: Diffusion is the answer! Paul Boyer: I think it actually twists!](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062223/5a4d1b2e7f8b9ab05999a11d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Masasuke Yoshida “check this out.”
![Page 7: Peter Mitchell: Diffusion is the answer! Paul Boyer: I think it actually twists!](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062223/5a4d1b2e7f8b9ab05999a11d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
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Which of the following enzymes work most effectively at a very low pH?
A. Salivary amylase
B. Trypsin
C. Pepsin
D. Pancreatic amylase
E. Pancreatic lipase
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Which of the following organs is incorrectly paired with its function?
A. Stomach –protein digestion
B. Oral cavity -starch digestion
C. Large intestine –bile production
D. Small intestine –nutrient absorption
E. Pancreas –enzyme production
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In zero gravity environment of space, how does food swallowed by an astronaut reach her stomach?
A. Swallowing hard
B. Running around wheel creates -> artificial gravity
C. Involuntary muscle contractions
D. IV administration of nutrients
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Salivary glands Secretes enzymes that digest carbohydrates
Liver Secretes molecules required for digestion of fats
Gall bladder Stores secretions from liver; empties into small intestine
Pancreas Secretes enzymes and other materials into small intestine
1. Mouth Mechanical and chemical processing (chewing reduces size of food; saliva digests carbohydrates)
2. Esophagus Transports food
3. Stomach Mechanical and chemical processing (digestion of proteins)
4. Small intestine Chemical processing and absorption (digestion of proteins, fats, carbohydrates; absorption of nutrients and water)
5. Large intestine Water absorption and feces formation
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End of esophagus
Sphincter seals offstomach from esophagus
Sphincter seals offstomach from smallintestine
Lumen(interior)
Beginning ofsmall intestine
Layersof muscle
Stomach
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Canal empties to lumen
Parietal cells(secrete HCl)
Chief cells(secrete pepsinogen)
Stomach lining
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CO2 + H2O H2CO3
Canal emptiesto lumenParietal cell
Secretion of HCI by parietal cells
CA
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HCO3–
H2CO3
H+ H+
Canal emptiesto lumenParietal cell
Secretion of HCI by parietal cells
CO2 + H2O
ATP
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HCO3– HCO3
–
Cl– Cl–
To blood
From blood
H2CO3
H+
Cl–
Chloride channel
Cl–
H+
HClto lumen
Canal emptiesto lumenParietal cell
Secretion of HCI by parietal cells
CO2 + H2O
ATP
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Stomach -Enzymes, Hormones, other?•Enzymes: pepsinogen (inactive)-> pepsin (protease) from chief cells
•Other: HCl -> denature ECM bacteria, from parietal cells, activator of pepsin•Other: Mucins/mucus protective from goblet or mucus cells•Other: mechanical churning -> acid chyme
•Hormones: Gastrin (+), CCK/secretin (-), enterogastrone (-- pyloric sphinct)
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Enzymes, Hormones, other?
•Your turn
enzymes? -> Protocol Expert (PE)hormones? -> Data Recorder (DR)other -> Laboratory Technician (LT)poem -> (if have one) Primary Investigator (PI)
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Absorption