Boyer sna 2011
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Developing Local, Sustainable Substrate Resources for the Great Plains
Dr. Cheryl R. BoyerAssistant Professor and Extension Specialist, Ornamental Nursery CropsKansas State University
Great Plains Region
Small, growing industry
Buy Local
Need for regional nursery crop production support
Limited Resources
Number of Farms per Type of Operation in Kansas
1. Floriculture Crops: 225
2. Bedding/Garden Plants: 189
3. Nursery Stock: 136
4. Total Greenhouse Vegetables and Fresh Cut Herbs: 46
5. Potted Flowering Plants: 39
6. Sod Harvested: 33
7. Cut Flowers and Cut Florist Greens: 30
8. Greenhouse Tomatoes: 30
9. Other Greenhouse Vegetables and Fresh Cut Herbs: 23
10.Foliage Plants, Indoor: 21
11.Vegetable Transplants: 8
12.Aquatic Plants: 7
13.Bulbs, Corms, Rhizomes and Tubers: 7
14.Other Nursery Crops: 6
15.Cuttings, Seedlings, Liners and Plugs: 4
16.Flower Seeds: 3
17.Vegetable Seeds: 3
18.Mushrooms: 2
2006 Kansas Horticulture Survey: Nurseries and Greenhouses Highlights
4,290 acres used for field production of ornamental trees and shrubs
490 acres for containerized production
8.2 million square feet of greenhouse production
4,700 paid and unpaid employees
Barriers to Industry Growth
Lack of experience
Lack of knowledge of the industry and current production practices
Limited Resources
Water (wind, heat)
Substrates are expensive—NO NATIVE PINES!
2005 Kansas Forests Survey (January 2008)
Highlights
Forest land area increased from 1.5 million acres in 1994 to 2.1 million acres in 2005, representing about 4% of Kansas total land area.
Softwood = 5%
Oak/Hickory = 56%
Elm/Ash/Cottonwood forest types = 32%
Almost 95% of Kansas forest land is held by private landowners.
Areas of Concern
Since 1965
Oak growing stock has increased by 231%
Hickories by 224%
Maples by 231%
and
Eastern redcedar has increased by 23,000%
(this is understated since they did not include 50,000 acres of small caliper (under 1”) of eastern redcedarseedlings)
23,000% !!!
Eastern Redcedar
Most material is in low density stands.
Is expanding throughout the Midwest Suppression of fire Reduction of grazing
on pastureland First species to invade
old fields
50,000 acres of seedlings = more expansion
Eastern Redcedar
Good wildlife cover, BUT
Reduces understory diversity and plant growth
Redcedar establishment changes the ecological character of the site.
Major water usage (30 gal. per tree per day)
FIRE!
John C. Pair Horticultural Research Center (Haysville, near Wichita)
Jason Griffin, Director Cheryl Boyer
Graduate Students Technicians
Zach Starr Michelle Morales
Josh Pool Tami Myers Kory Nickell
Mike Shelton
Woody Plants
Baldcypress
Chinese Pistache
Baldcypress
¾” redcedar
Low or High Fertilizer
2009
% Sand % Redcedar Fertilizer
20 0 Low
20 5 Low
20 10 Low
20 20 Low
20 40 Low
20 80 Low
20 0 High
20 5 High
20 10 High
20 20 High
20 40 High
20 80 High
Annual Plants
Vinca
Petunia
New Guinea Impatiens
3/16” redcedar
2010
% Perlite % Peat % Redcedar
25 75 0
25 50 25
25 0 75
0 0 100
Woody Plants
2 treesBaldcypress
Redbud
2 shrubs Spirea
Crapemyrtle
2 perennialsMaidengrass
Black-eyed Susan
2010
% Sand Main Substrate (80%)
20 Pine Bark
20 3/16” Redcedar
20 3/8” Redcedar
20 ½” Redcedar
20 ¾” Redcedar
What Else Might We Use?
Scrubby/Weedy Plants
Maclura pomifera (Hedge Apple, Osage Orange)
Elm
Honeylocust
Woody biomass residue from wood manufacturing companies and urban tree care activity