Period 2Classical Period

Bellringer Pull out your notebook and get

ready to go over chart

What is the purpose of religion?Consider spiritual and practical purposes Write on the front of objective 11

REMINDER!! Comparative Essays are

DUE NEXT CLASS!

Agenda Reviewing homework Concept Mastery chart Activity

Objectives Obj. 11: Describe the major beliefs of

Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism and Christianity

Classical Religion

Concept Mastery Charts1. Concept2. Larger concept. Place concept into a

larger category 3. Key words4. Use key words to identify

characteristics: Always present, sometimes, & never

5. Examples and Non examples6. Write down a definition

Bellringer Turn in comparison essay Pull out worksheet from last class

Agenda Peer Evaluation Finish activity from last class Notes

JudaismMonotheistic

Yahweh (Yhwh)Abraham considered

“father” of the JewsHebrews are the chosen

people of God & Canaan is the chosen land

Messiah will create God’s kingdom on Earth

Abraham and Issac by Rembrandt

Objective 11

Basic Beliefs of JudaismDeath is not the end of

human existence Focus on life instead of

afterlifeBelieve dead will be

physically resurrectedOne is saved through

commitment to being moral to God. 10 commandments

Moses by Rembrandt

Objective 11

Social Impact of JudaismShort lived kingdom

in the Middle East Jewish DiasporaHeavy emphasis on

tradition & culture Language, diet,

holidays, etc.Patriarchal

community

Israel as a united monarchy lasted from 1050-930 BCE. Eventually it was divided into two kingdoms. The northern kingdom of Israel would last until 720 BCE. The southern kingdom of Judah would last until 586. The fall of the two kingdoms led to Jewish Diaspora.

Objective 13

The DiasporaObjective 12+13

ConfucianismStarted by Confucius (551-

479 BCE) during the Warring States Period in China

Offers solutions to the problems plaguing China Focus on life rather than the

afterlifeDoes not advocate a specific

deity Emphasizes worship of

ancestorsDrawing of Confucius

Objective 11

Basic Beliefs of ConfucianismEmphasizes li

the “rituals” of everyday life

Goal is to promote harmony on Earth through relationships Five Relationships

Filial PietyEducation

Dacheng Temple in Confucius’ hometown of Qufu in China.

Objective 11

Social Impact of Confucianism Becomes foundation of

Chinese government Reinforced importance of

patriarchal relationships Reinforced family as the

center of Chinese society Japan, Korea, Taiwan,

Singapore are influenced by Confucian ethic

Family altar in Malaysian Chinese home. Family is inviting ancestors to partake in the Hungary Ghost festival

Objective 13

Daoism (Taoism)Founded by Laozi (6th

cent. BCE?) during the Warring States Period

Everything revolves around the Dao

Goal: Create societal harmony by living according to the natural laws of the universe

Wu Wei “without action”

Objective 11

Impact of DaoismEncourages respect for natureHeavily influenced Chinese art and

literature Landscape paintings

Yoga and meditationHygiene and cleanlinessMedicine

Balance between Yin (feminine, dark) and Yang (masculine, light)

Objective 13

HinduismBegan in India c.1500

BCEOne god in many

different forms Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva Krishna

Sacred Texts Vedas, Bhagavad Gita,

Upanishads

Shiva, the Destroyer

Objective 11

Basic Beliefs of HinduismAtmanMajor Ideas

Dharma (duty) Karma (action) Samsara (cycle of life) Moksha (liberation)

Yogas Paths or practices Several different types

Kali, goddess of death and destruction

Objective 11

Social Impact of Hinduism

Objective 13

Modern Untouchables

Modern India has 160 million untouchables or approximately 15% of India’s population.

Objective 13

BuddhismFounded by Siddhartha

Gautama (563-483 BCE) Born into kshatriya caste

Reform movement of Hinduism No specific deity? Rejects the atman Believes in spiritual

equality No caste system

Objective 11

Basic Beliefs of BuddhismFour Noble Truths

Life is suffering Desire causes

suffering End suffering by

ending desire To end desire follow

the Eightfold Path Right view, right

intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration

Buddhist Wheel of Life; the eight spokes represent the Eightfold Path

Objective 11

Spread of BuddhismObjective 12

Social Impact of BuddhismObjective 13

Agenda Bellringer Notes Project

Classical Empire

Population Growth

Urbanization

Afro-Eurasia in 500 BCE

Afro-Eurasia in 350 BCE

Afro-Eurasia in 200 BCE

Afro-Eurasia in 100 CE

Persian EmpireObjective 19

Persian Empire (558-332 BCE)

Founded by Cyrus the Great

Darius I (521-486 BCE) Balanced central

administration & local governors

Divided government into 3 districts ran by satraps

Built the Royal Road Fought Persian Wars (500-

479 BCE) Led to the decline of the

Persian Empire

Objective 19

Persian Empire Persian Society

Women worked in textile manufacturing

Government used slaves to complete public works projects

Persian Economy Government coined money Facilitated trade from Greece

to India Persian Religion

Zoroastrianism

Objective 19

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-mkVSasZIM&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

World in 350 BCE

Classical China Zhou Dynasty (1029-258)

Mandate of Heaven Feudalism

Decline of Zhou Dynasty Confucianism Daoism Legalism

Warring States Period Kingdom of Qin began

expanding during the 3rd century BCE

Objective 15

Qin Dynasty (221-202 BCE) Used Legalism to restore order Land reforms weakened aristocracy

Peasants were given land rights to farm remote territories

Centralized bureaucracy Unified China

Standardized script, laws, and weights & measures

Objective 15

Qin Shi Huangdi Proclaimed himself

“First Emperor” of China

Centralized Power Disarmed local militaries Built roads & defensive

walls Demanded burning of

books Used forced labor to

complete public works projects

Objective 15

Terra Cotta ArmyObjective 15

Terra Cotta ArmyObjective 15

Early Han Dynasty (202 BCE-9 CE) Founded by Liu Bang

Longest dynasty in Chinese History

Conquered northern Vietnam, Korea, and Central Asia Tribute System

Monopolized iron, salt, and liquor

Objective 16

Han Wudi (Wu Ti) Ruled from 141-87 BCE

Supported Legalism Two Goals

Centralize government Expand the empire

Reforms Expanded bureaucracy Started an imperial university Confucian examination system Expanded the Silk Roads

Objective 16

Mauryan Dynasty Founded by

Chandragupta Maurya

Objective 14

Ashoka (268-232 BCE) Conquered most of India

Used elephants in warfare Battle of Kalinga

Reforms Pillars of Ashoka Centralized bureaucracy Expanded agriculture Built roads to promote trade

Promoted the spread of Buddhism

Empire declined after Ashoka’s death

Objective 14

Gupta Dynasty (320-565 CE) Founded by Chandra

Gupta Used alliances, tribute

& conquest Gupta Government

Coalition of regional kingdoms

Policy & administration left to local rulers

Eventually destroyed by the White Huns

Objective 14

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Nn5uqE3C9w&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Ancient Greece Geography prevented

political unification Culturally unified

City-States Cities offered safety and

wealth Different political systems

Unified when threatened Persian Wars

Wars weaken city-states Peloponnesian War (431-

404 BCE)

Objective 17

Greek ColonizationObjective 17

Alexander the Great (332-323 BCE)

Father, Philip II, conquered most of Greece

Built a massive empire Conquered Persia & Egypt Threatened India

Empire divided into 3 parts after his death Ptolemaic dynasty in

Egypt Seleucid Empire in Persia

Objective 17

Hellenistic Empire

Indus

Objective 17

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TG55ErfdaeY&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Roman Republic (509-44 BCE) Political System

Consuls Senate (patricians) Tribunes (plebeians)

Military expansion Assimilated conquered

peoples Twelve Tables

Created a standardized system of laws

Established rights for defendants

Objective 18

Expansion of Roman Republic

Objective 18

End of Republic Growing tensions between

rich & poor Latifundias

Large plantations in conquered lands controlled by aristocrats

Julius Caesar Dictator for life in 44 BCE Reforms

Sought to relieve tension between the classes

Executed by aristocratic conspirators

Objective 18+20

Roman Empire (31 BCE-476 CE) Established by Augustus

Continued military expansion Pax Romana

NOT a dynasty Succession often depended

upon military strength Tolerated local customs &

religions Laws & patriotism held

empire together

Objective 18

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPf27gAup9U&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9

The OlmecOlmec emerge in Mesoamerica c.1400-

400 BCE Olmec zone is dense tropical forest

Olmec Government & SocietySeveral city-states

with common cultureSocial Hierarchy

Highest rank is that of the chief

Dominated by landed aristocracy

Laborers forced to build temples, palaces, and drainage canals

Olmec ReligionPolytheistic

Deities blended male & female, animal & human characteristics Feathered-serpent god (right)

Shamans organized religious life

Religion led to development of writing system and calendar

Olmec ArtBuilding of clay

pyramids and temple mounds

Particular sculptural style Jaguars Fine jade carving Colossal heads

Legacy of Ancient Civilizations Writing systems, religions, and technology was

influenced the development of new civilizations and cultures

Ancient civilizations decline by 1000 BCE Subject to nomadic invasions

Political and cultural centers shift to new geographical areas (except China)

Maya (300–900 CE) Heirs to Olmec traditions Culturally unified city-states

Never form a unified political system Built elaborate religious and commercial centers

Tikal & Chichen-Itza Traded luxury products Advanced math & science

Zero, solar year, etc.

Chichen-Itza

Mayan Architecture

Mayan Observatory

Mayan Decline Maya city-states were abandoned or destroyed

between 800-900 CE Causes for decline include:

The disruption of trade after the decline of Teotihuacan in Central Mexico

Environmental degradation caused by overpopulation

Epidemic disease

Bellringer What are characteristic of classical

empires?