Aerodrome Certification WorkshopTrinidad 13 – 16 May, 2002

Canada’s Approach to Aerodrome Certification

Peggy Wilson, Chief Aerodrome StandardsTransport Canada, Ottawa, Canada

Today’s Discussion

• Regulatory Authority Organization • Staff ; Qualifications; and Training• Certified Airports and Canada’s Regulations • Aerodrome Certification Procedures

– Airport Operations Manuals

– Inspections, Audits and Checklists

– Safety Management Systems

• Exemptions and Risk Assessments

Regulatory Authority Organization• Headquarters in Ottawa

– Minister of Transport - Deputy Minister - Assistant Deputy Minister

– Director General Civil Aviation– Director Aerodrome Safety– Chiefs of

• Aerodrome Standards• Programs and Audits• Wildlife• Engineering• Noise and Environment

– Inspectors and Engineers

                         

                  

                                                   

                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                                  

                         

                  

Regulatory Authority Organization (cont’d)

• Headquarters

– Has Functional Authority over the Regions - not Line Authority– Sets Policy – Develops Regulations; Provides Regulatory Interpretation– Researches new technology– Responsible for Inspection Program– Conducts National Audits– ICAO Responsibilities– CARAC Responsibilities

• Regions – Inspectors, no Engineers

– Five Regions spread out across the country– Carries out Inspection Program – Identifies Interpretation Difficulties

Staff and Qualifications• Delegations of Authority to Inspect

– Civil Aviation Inspectors• Airline Transport Pilot License• Project, Management or Other Airport Experience

– Technical Inspectors• Specific Airport Experience or Specialty

– Airport Management– Airport Fire Chief– Human & Organizational Factors, Safety Management Systems

• Specialists that Support the Inspection Program– Engineers– Wildlife Specialist– Noise and Zoning Specialist

Requisite Employee Training• Phase I

– Develop core, business & job specific Competencies

• Phase II– To enhance and fully master Competencies

• Phase III– For ongoing maintenance of all Competencies

• Phase IV– Necessary for Career Development

Training Programs• Basic Aviation Enforcement• Communications Skills• Introduction to Risk Management• Transport Canada Orientation• Aerodrome Specialty Course• Formal “On The Job” Training Program• Initial Audit Procedures• Project Management Course• Human and Organizational Factors Training• Flight Training – Currency for those with ATPL

Canada’s Certified Airports• Land Airports 379

– Included International and “Far North”

• Heliports 253– Includes Hospital and Rooftop

• Water Airports 18

• Ice Airports (Better known in the summer as “water”) 2

TOTAL 652

Aerodrome Regulations

Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) Part III

• Regulations, Standards & Advisory Material

– Standards (TP312) mirror Annex 14 with additions

• Wildlife; Winter Maintenance; Construction; Airside Access and Vehicle Control

– Separate Regulations for Fire Fighting• Meets or Exceeds Annex 14 requirements

– Airport Security is regulated by different Directorate

Present Canadian Regulations

• Airports Eligible for Certification

– Receive scheduled passenger carrying aircraft

– Are in a built-up area; or

– In the Public Interest

• Incorporates “Standards” by reference

Future Canadian Regulations • New Applicability of Airport Certification

Regulations

– International Airports

– Receiving Commercial Passenger-Carrying Aircraft 10 seats and over

– In a Built-up Area

– In the Public Interest

– Those that Choose to be Certified

International Airports• These Airports must meet

– ICAO Annex 14

– Plus additional Canadian Regulatory requirements

– ICAO Annex 9 requirements for Customs and Immigration

– CARs Part 303 for Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting

These airports will be listed in a Schedule to the Regulation and submitted to ICAO for inclusion as an International Airport

Commercial Passenger-Carrying

• These Airports must meet standards

– Appropriate to the size of aircraft it serves or larger

– Safety Management System

– Based on the number of annual movements

– Applicable to the regulated level of fire-fighting at the site

Other Certified Airports

• Built-Up; Public Interest; and Operator Choice– Must meet standards appropriate to the

• Location

• Situation

• Traffic needs

– Safety Management System

Built-Up & Public Interest

• Neither term has any fixed meaning in Canadian law

• For Built-Up– we use a matrix

• For Public Interest– The simple private interests of the aerodrome are not,

in themselves, sufficient to meet this test

– All potentially affected stakeholders input must be addressed

– Must include all economic and environmental impacts

– Transport Canada review and concurrence required

Heliports and Water Airports

• Canada has separate Regulations and Standards for the Certification of

– Heliports; and

– Water Airports

• These primarily relate to “Built-Up and “Public Interest” situations

Certification Procedures

• Airport Certificate issued where:

– Airport Operations Manual accurately describes the physical specifications of the aerodrome;

– Airport Operations Manual is approved where the physical specifications outlined in the AOM conforms to the requirements in the Standards (TP312);

– Inspection on-site to determine that the Airport actually meets the standards; or

– Exemption considerations, based on an Aeronautical Study

Airport Operations Manuals

• The Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) Part III specify that the AOM

– Accurately describes the physical specifications of the aerodrome;

– The physical specifications must conforms to the requirements in the Standards (TP312) (Annex 14);

– Contain the required approved “Plans”;

– Contain signed Agreements & MOUs

Airport Operations Manuals (cont’d)

• An electronic version of the new Draft “Suggested Format for an AOM” is provided

• Consists of Four Parts

– Part I - Administrative Information

– Part II - Airport Specifications

– Part III - Airside Services

– Part IV - Airside Operational Plans and Procedures

Operational Plans

• Performance Based

• Examples:

– Emergency Response Planning

– Wildlife Management and Control Planning

– Winter Maintenance and Planning

– Airside Access and Vehicle Control Planning

Safety Management SystemsReferences:• ICAO

– Annex 14; and

– Manual on Certification of Aerodromes

• Introduction to Safety Management Systems

• Safety Management Systems for Flight Operations & Aircraft Maintenance Organizations

International Civil Aviation Authority (ICAO)

• Annex 14• “1.3 Certification of Aerodromes

• 1.3.6 As of 20 November 2005, a certified aerodrome shall have in operation a safety management system.”

• Manual on Certification of Aerodromes• Essential features of an aerodrome safety

management system

What is a Safety Management System? • Most Definitions highlight the following:

• A business approach to safety• A systematic, explicit and comprehensive process for

managing risks• Provides for goal setting, planning and measuring

performance• Concerns with organizational safety rather than the

conventional health and safety at work concerns• Woven into the fabric of an organization• Part of the Culture

Key Features of SMS

• Senior Management Commitment

• Safety Policy

• Safety Information

• Establishing Safety as a Core Value

• Hazard Identification and Risk Management

Key Features of SMS (cont’d)

• Establishing a Safety Reporting System

• Safety Audit/Assessment

• Accident & Incident Reporting and Investigation

• Safety Orientation and Recurrent Training

• Emergency Response Plan

• Documentation

Canada’s Objectives for SMS

• More proactive safety management by aviation professionals

• Consultative approach to promote and establish a pervasive safety culture

• Take account of human and organizational factors

• Non-prescriptive, performance-based approach to safety regulation

SMS Initiatives in Canada• Safety Management Systems Briefing Campaign

• Introductory booklet on Safety Management Systems

• Canadian Aviation Safety Seminar (CASS)

• Regulations and Standards for Flight Operations and Aircraft Maintenance Organizations

• Guidance Booklet “ A Guide to Implementation”

• Aerodrome Safety drafting Regulations and Standards for Airports

Evaluation of an Airport SMS

• Guidance for self evaluation as well as for Inspection evaluation

What processes are in place enabling staff to raise safety concerns with senior management.

Is there a formal safety policy statement?

Current Practices

Yes / No

Areas for Consideration

“The On-Site Inspection”• Inspections are conducted to ensure

– Initial • AOM reflects what’s on-site• Site meets the Standards• Plans meet the requirements of the site

– Annual• Ongoing compliance

– Follow-up• Deficiencies corrected

– Other• i.e. During construction

Inspection Checklists

• Based on a National Database of Airport Information

– Regions input all physical characteristics concerning the airports in their Region

– Develop a site specific checklist for each Inspection based on

• Areas that may have problems

• Selected elements such as runways or taxiways

• A sampling of all elements

– The produced checklist identifies the standards to be met for the individual site

Exemptions from Standards• Aeronautics Act

– 5.9 (2) Exemption by Minister (of Transport)

The Minister may, on such terms and conditions as the Minister deems necessary, exempt any person, aircraft, aerodrome, facility or service from the application of any regulation or order made under this Part if in the opinion of the Minister the exemption is in the public interest and is not likely to affect aviation safety.

Exemptions May be Granted• Pursuant to a Regulation with Criteria

– provided within the particular regulation• “unless authorized by the Minister”

– specific criteria on which it is based

• Executive Decision Pursuant to 5.9(2)– only in unforeseen circumstances

• which are unlikely to recur; or• the regulation is being amended

– 5.9(2) states that it must• be in the Public Interest; and• not affect Aviation Safety

Exemptions from Regulations

• Formal Exemption Process for all of Civil Aviation

• Civil Aviation Directive No. 1– Places responsibilities on

• Airport Operator (or applicant); and

• Transport Canada Official with Delegation of Authority

Exemption Process (Civil Aviation Directive No. 1)

• Applicant Responsibilities

– Make compelling case why it should be granted

– Provide supporting arguments for

• How it’s in the Public Interest

• How it would not affect aviation safety

– Propose conditions that could mitigate risk

Exemption Process (Civil Aviation Directive No. 1)

• Transport Canada Responsibilities

• Delegated officials who have Ministerial Delegation must exercise their delegated authority carefully and ensure that

– the need is justified– all safety implications are fully considered– all applications are treated consistently– national standardization for granting or denying is met

by following Civil Aviation Directive No. 1

Aeronautical Study(Risk Assessments)

• Aeronautical Study– In-depth analysis (Risk Assessment) designed to

• Identify the risks with respect to proposed changes • Identify measures to eliminate or reduce those risks

– Determine the most appropriate Risk Assessment tool

• Risk Management & Decision Making in Civil Aviation– Short Risk Management Process– Full Risk Management Process– In-depth Risk Management Process

Thank You

Peggy Wilson

Chief, Aerodrome Standards

Aerodrome Safety, Transport Canada

Ottawa Canada (613) 991-9939

wilsop@tc.gc.ca