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PIPELINE

ENGINEERINGGROUP

OFFSHORE PIPELINES DESIGN

KBR has over 50 years of direct involvement inpipeline engineering and constructionmanagement activities.

EPC Contract

KBR is at the forefront of technologicaladvances by adopting innovative design andlateral thinking and by driving for advancedtechnology where appropriate.

KBR provides integrated solutions forworldwide pipelines in: Feasibility engineering to detailed design

Fit-for-purpose design

Program/project management & EPCMengineering

Procurement, logistics and support

engineering

Construction management

Limit State Design

Field Development

Feasibility to Detailed Design

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PIPELINE

ENGINEERINGGROUP

OFFSHORE PIPELINES DESIGN

KBR has successfully used the following stateof the art technologies in pipeline engineering:

Detailed FE based seismic analysis of

pipelines

Detailed FE based pipelines seabed

subsidence analysis

Various methods of mitigation of pipelines

with lateral buckling tendency

Implementation of snake-lay configuration

ECA for allowable weld defect using

CRACKWISE

Risk based wall thickness design

Fully integrated reliability assessment

Platform and Pi elines in Earth uake Zone

KBR employs the following innovativemethodology in the design of pipeline systems

Advanced on-bottom stability analysis of

pipeline subject to cyclonic loading

Detailed FE based pipe/soil interaction

analysis

Upheaval buckling analysis of flexible

flowlines

Fishing gear Interaction: impact, pullover,

snagging and hooking

Finite element based integrity assessment

of pipeline with defects

Fatigue strength assessment of pipeline

allowing in-line and cross-flow vibration

Fishing Gear Interaction

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PIPELINE

ENGINEERINGGROUP

ADVANCED ANALYSIS

Pipe-Soil Interaction

As part of lateral buckling simulation work KBRhas developed explicit 3-D methods of modellingpipe-soil interaction effects using state-of-the-arlarge strain and adaptive meshing FEtechnology. Effect of pipe embedment on laterasoil resistance can be determined.

KBR has comprehensive expertise spanningseveral decades in advanced analyses using acombination of in-house and commercialsoftware for the study of complex pipelinephenomena in 2-D and 3-D.

KBR has gained recognition and eminencein the global pipeline industry in the followingareas through expert and pioneeringapplication of advanced analysis methods:-

Lateral Buckling

Simulation of whole sequence of lateralbuckling phenomena, including cyclicoperation, enabling informed selection of mostappropriate design options for achievingcontrolled lateral buckling.

Lateral Buckling

Pipe-Soil Interaction

Lateral Soil Resistance

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PIPELINE

ENGINEERINGGROUP

ADVANCED ANALYSIS

Behaviour of Concrete Coating

KBR uses 3-D non-linear FE simulation of thecombined tensile micro-cracking, compressivecrushing and shear failure behaviour of looselyreinforced concrete coatings to predict strainconcentrations at field joints situated at the crowns

of lateral buckles, or local energy absorption intrawl gear impact scenarios.

Composite Bending of PIP

KBR carries out simulation of compositebending behaviour of various Pipe-in-Pipesystems and predictions of ultimate capacitywith explicit representation of misalignments atfield joints to evaluate specific modes of failure.

Upheaval Buckling

The explicit simulation of pipe-soil interactiontechniques are also used to provide detailedsimulation of the passive and active resistancesof backfill soils in predictions of upheavalbuckling of trenched and buried pipelines.

Upheaval Buckling

Failure Mode of PIP System

Concrete Coating in Bending

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PIPELINE

ENGINEERINGGROUP

ADVANCED ANALYSIS

A Typical Assessment Point

No Failure

Cut-off

Failure Assessment Curve

A Typical Assessment Point

No Failure

Cut-off

Failure Assessment Curve

ECA Assessments

Results of non-linear finite element analyses ofplastic limit loads are incorporated into general

ECA calculations of critical crack sizeenvelopes based on internationally recognisedprocedures, such as BS7910.

Plastic Limit Loads

KBR uses non-linear finite element methods topredict the plastic limit loads under the uniqueloading conditions of laterally buckling pipelineswith explicit representations of weld yieldmismatch, defects, axial misalignments and pipe

wall thickness mismatch.

Trawl Gear Interaction

KBR analyses the complete sequence of eventsduring trawl gear impact scenarios, from initial

local denting of the pipe wall to subsequent globalbending of the pipeline under pullover forces,using elastic-plastic, frictional contact and largedeformation non-linear finite element models of

actual trawl gear/pipe geometries.

Trawl Gear Im act

Plastic Limit Load

Failure Assessment Diagram

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PIPELINE

ENGINEERINGGROUP

ADVANCED ANALYSIS

Pipelay Simulation

KBR analyses the complete offshore pipelaysequences, from initial simple development opipeline catenary to the study of unforeseen bargemovements in severe sea states, using elasticplastic, frictional contact and large deformationnon-linear finite element models.In these models, values of the top lay tensionaxial and lateral soil resistances, barge stingegeometry, touchdown contact pressure, mean sealevel, pipe immersion and submerged weightseabed topography, wave and current dynamicsand associated movements of the barge, can abe independently specified.

Seismic Ground Shaking

The explicit simulation of pipe-soil interactiontechniques are also used at KBR to predictprogressive self-burial of surface-laid offshorepipelines during severe ground shaking inducedby seismic events, in soft clay seabed conditions.The implications of this further embedment of thepipelines on subsequent service, especially fordesigns based on controlled buckle concepts, areconsidered.

Pipe Embedment in Soft Clay

Before Earthquake

Pipe Embedment in Soft Clay

After Earthquake

S-Lay Simulation

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PIPELINE

ENGINEERINGGROUP

ADVANCED ANALYSISHeat Transfer at Spacers on Sleeves

KBR uses FE techniques to predict the transientemperatures during deployment of by-passsystems over inner and outer sleeves with locatemperature details at the contact point of spacerings also fully evaluated. General surface-tosurface radiation heat transfer (with appropriateview factors) and contact pressure dependeninterfacial heat transfer resistances are fully

considered.

Heat Transfer at Solid PIP Bulkheads

KBR uses finite element simulations to predict thesteady state and transient temperatures at solidbulkheads of Pipe-in-Pipe (PIP) systems. Themagnitudes of the enhanced local rates of heat

transfer or thermal shorting effects are calculated,together with locally induced thermal stresses.

Temperatures at a

PIP Solid Bulkhead

Transient Cold Spot due

to Local Jet Cooling

Transient Temperatures

around a Thermal Sleeve

Jet Cooling at ESDV by-pass Systems

The transient temperatures during deployment oESDV by-pass systems and those caused by je

cooling effects are evaluated at KBR inconjunction with CFD techniques. The local coldspot transient temperatures are designed toremain above the minimum specified

temperatures of the steel alloy.

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PIPELINE

ENGINEERINGGROUP

INTEGRATED PROJECT MANAGEMENT

People, processes, systems, culture andrelat ionships f orm the core of KBR projectmanagement capabil i t ies.

Our management teams focus on deliveryin terms of safety, schedule, cost andfacil i ty perfo rmance.

KBR manage work with the right toolsand quality of personnel for eachproject. We have successfullymanaged numerous projects, offshoreand onshore, in the past 50 years.KBR's success as a project manageris aided by: Safety

Leadership

Commitment Organisation

Planning

Control

Decision making Supply

KBR has extensive experience providingIntegrated Project Management servicesto o ur clients worldwide.

This may include involvement at al lstages of a project l i fecycle, frominception, init ial feasibil i ty, FEED designand engineering through to construction,pre-commissioning and co mmissioning.

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PIPELINE

ENGINEERINGGROUP

INTEGRATED PROJECT MANAGEMENTClient Representation

KBR typically offers support services toclient companies that do not have thenecessary i n-house Engineering expert iseor companies with limited internalresources.

Utilising the depth of Pipeline Engineering

Group internal expert ise and able to drawupon far-reaching mult i discipline KBRsupport we can deliver an unrivalledservice.

KBR has extensive experience inboth onshore and offshore operationsand in each step of the oil and gascycle from upstream to downstream.

KBR can offer cl ient representationon a range of levels, as part of abigger project management role or asstand alone service.

KBR can provide specif ic personnelor targeted expert ise to supplement aclients project team, depending on

the specif ic requirements of the job.

Onshore Construction

Off Shore Su ervision

Field Joint Coating

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PIPELINE

ENGINEERINGGROUP

INTEGRATED PROJECT MANAGEMENTPre-Commissioning & Commissioning

KBR engineers can provide expert managementand supervision in the pre-commissioning andcommissioning field, both onshore and offshore.

In particular the following areas:

Filling Hydrotesting De-watering

Drying

Cleaning

Pigging/gauging Commissioning

Start up

Test run

Intelligent pigging

KBR can provide on site expertise in theinterpretation of hydrotest results.

Test Header

Removal of gauging plate

Cleaning Operations

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PIPELINE

ENGINEERINGGROUP

INTEGRATED PROJECT MANAGEMENTConstruction Engineering

KBR offer experienced and professionalpipeline construction engineeringservices.

In field engineers can call on the fullsupport of the KBR organisation forgeneral support or expert ise in a specif icarea.

Typically construction services would be anatural continuation of involvement at anearl ier stage of engineering.

KBR engineers act on behalf ofcl ients in a supervisory capacity toensure strict compliance withproject requirements in terms ofquality and HSE.

KBR engineers located on siteanywhere in the world can call uponprofessional expert advice from anyspecialist group.

KBR specialist gro ups i nclude:

Process Engineering

Contracts Materials Engineering Procurement

Electrical Engineering

Equipment Engineering

Rock Breaker

Pipeline Stringing

Mountain Construction

KBR Pipeline Engineering GroupTel.: +44 01372 865000

E-Mail: Pipeline.Engineering.Group@Halliburton.com

Website: www kbr com