Peace and a New War
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Transcript of Peace and a New War
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Peace and a New War
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Ideological conflict between the US and USSR◦Disagreement on beliefs◦Which economy was better?Communism vs. Capitalism
◦Who was more powerful?◦Which government was better?Dictator vs. Democracy
The Cold War
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US upset over Nonaggression Pact◦Also no help w/Japan
USSR wanted US aid sooner in war
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The Big Three◦Churchill, FDR, Stalin
Nov 1943Plan to end war◦American-British invasion of France◦USSR would liberate eastern Europe◦Agreement over partition of Germany
The Tehran Conference
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February 1945 – Big Three meet in Southern Russia
Western powers feared Soviet control of Eastern Europe◦11 million soldiers
Yalta Conference
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Stalin suspicious of the Western powers◦Wanted a buffer to protect USSR from invasion
FDR wanted self-determination◦Liberated Europe have free elections
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1. Agree to divide Germany into zones
2. Germany has to pay USSR reparations
3. Eastern European countries would have free elections
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New peacekeeping organizationUSA and USSR join (48 others)New York CitySecurity Council
◦Power to investigate and settle◦5 permanent members GB, China, Fr., US, USSR Veto power
United Nations
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Differing GoalsUS USSR
Encourage democracy
Gain access to raw materials and markets
Rebuild gov’ts to promote stability
Reunite Germany to stabilize it and increase security
Encourage communism as part of worldwide workers’ revolution
Rebuild economy using industrial equipment and raw materials from E. Europe
Control E. Europe to protect borders
Keep Germany divided to prevent war
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July 1945Harry Truman replaces FDR◦Demanded free elections in Eastern Europe
Stalin felt threatened◦Free elections would threaten goal of controlling Eastern Europe
Potsdam Conference
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Allies do agree to Nuremberg Trials◦Leaders of Nazi Party ◦Committed war crimes against humanity during war
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Iron CurtainUSSR wants buffer from invasion Installs communist gov’t
◦Albania◦Bulgaria◦Hungary◦Czechoslovakia◦Romania◦Poland◦Yugoslavia
Truman protests Stalin ignores
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Europe dividedEastern and Western Europe splitGermany divided into East Germany and West Germany◦Berlin (in E.G. is split)
“Iron Curtain”◦Churchill◦Democratic West ◦Communist East
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Truman Foreign PolicyContainment◦Blocking Soviet influence◦Stopping expansion of Communism
◦Forming alliances ◦Aiding weaker countries resist
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Truman Doctrine◦$500 million to Greece and
Turkey Marshall Plan
◦Assistance program to rebuild Western Europe
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• Berlin Airlift–USSR held W. Berlin hostage
–Hoped Allies would surrender
–11 months Allies flew in supplies
–May 1949 Soviets admit defeat• Lift blockade
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World Wide EffectsNATO◦Western Alliances◦Attack one was attack on all
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Warsaw Pact◦Eastern Alliance
Berlin Wall (1961)
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Threat of Nuclear War1949 – USSR explodes atomic bomb
Sets off race to create deadlier weapon◦1953 – Hydrogen Bomb created
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Brinkmanship John Foster Dulles
◦US Secretary of State under Eisenhower
Willingness to go to the brink of war◦US strengthened air force and stockpiled nuclear weapons
◦USSR responded in same way◦Begins arms race