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Pavement in Japan

Kazuyuki KuboLeader, Pavement Team

Public Works Research Institute

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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2004

Not Paved Rate

Paved Rate

Paved Rate

Paved Rate

Not Paved Rate

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Road Networks and Paved Roads

Motorway 7,300km

National Roads 22,100km

(Managed by MLIT)

Asphalt

Not-

paved

Cement

National Roads 32,000km（Managed by Prefecture and

Metropolitan Cities） 

Prefectural Roads

129,000km

Municipal Roads

997,300km

Asphalt 6,800kmCement 500km

Asphalt 21,000km

(for Light Traffic 400km)

Cement 1,100km

Asphalt 30,600km

(for Light Traffic 4,700km)

Cement 1,000km

Not-paved 400km

Asphalt 122,200km

(for Light Traffic 47,600km)

Cement 1,700km

Not-paved 5,100km

Asphalt 698,000km

(for Light Traffic 573,500km)

Cement 50,800km

Not-paved 248,500km

(2004.4.1)

Asphalt for

Light Traffic

Total

1,187,700km

Asphalt 878,600km

(for Light Traffic 626,200km)

Cement 55,100km

Not-paved 254,000km

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Technical Standards

Manuals for pavement technologies had been published and

revised by Pavement Committee in Japan Road Association

– Asphalt Pavement in 1950

– Cement Concrete Pavement in1955

– Recycling in 1980

– Drainage Asphalt Pavement in 1995

 In 2001, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and

Tourism established “Technical Standard for Pavement

Structure”, which is based on performance-based

specification. 

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Recycling Ratio of Construction By-Products

11% 

14% 40% 

65% 

81% 

58% 

9% 

41% 

38% 96% 

98% 

85% 

0  20  40  60  80  100% 

Mixed ConstructionWastes

Construction Sludge

Waste Wood

from Construction site

Cement concrete

 Asphalt Concrete

 All of ConstructionBy-Products

For Fuel 45%  83% 65% 

For Construction Material

2000 fiscal year1995 fiscal year

Recycling Ratio of Asphalt Concrete is Over 98

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Plant Recycling

 Asphalt Mixture Recycle Plant

Recycled HMA

Virgin aggregate

Virgin Asphalt

Rejuvenator 

Recycled aggregate

(Used pavement)

Recycle pavement

by-products at a

stationary mixing

plant (recyclingmixing plant)

Reuse them as

pavement materials

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Plant Recycling

Most popular in Japan

Recently, the ratio ofrecycled asphaltmixture is close to 70%.

Recycled asphaltmixture has already

been promoted to useaccording to thefollowing law

 – Law Concerning thePromotion of

Procurement of Eco-Friendly Goods andServices by the Stateand Other Entities ( Lawon Promoting GreenPurchasing), enacted in

FY2000

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

        1        9        9        0

        1        9        9        1

        1        9        9        2

        1        9        9        3

        1        9        9        4

        1        9        9        5

        1        9        9        6

        1        9        9        7

        1        9        9        8

        1        9        9        9

        2        0        0        0

        2        0        0        1

        2        0        0        2

        2        0        0        3

        2        0        0        4

        2        0        0        5

        2        0        0        6

        2        0        0        7

   T  o   t  a   l   P  r  o   d  u  c   t   i  o  n  o   f   A  s  p   h  a   l   t   M

   i  x   t  u  r  e   (  ×   1 ,   0

   0   0   t  o  n   )

Virgin Mixture

Recycled Mixture

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Drainage Asphalt Pavement

Surface course ; Porous Asphalt MixtureBinder course ; Dense-graded Asphalt Mixture /

Coarse-graded Asphalt Mixture

4~5cm

5cm

Typical Properties of Porous Asphalt Mixture

・Maximum Particle Size: 5～13mm

・ Air Voids: 17～23%

・High Viscosity Modified Asphalt

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Advantage of Drainage Asphalt Pavement

The place where requires somecountermeasure for traffic noise

The place where the safe drive in rainy days is

required

→ Attention to the performance ofnoise reduction

→

Performance specification by thenoise level

→

 Attention to the performance of water drainageRain

Noise 

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Drainage Asphalt Pavement

Conventional Pavement

Improve Road Safety in Rainy Days

Less water on road surface– Improve skid resistance

– Improve driver’s sight

More than 70 of Expressways are paved by

Drainage Asphalt

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Thank you for your attention