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Pavement in Japan
Kazuyuki KuboLeader, Pavement Team
Public Works Research Institute
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2004
Not Paved Rate
Paved Rate
Paved Rate
Paved Rate
Not Paved Rate
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Road Networks and Paved Roads
Motorway 7,300km
National Roads 22,100km
(Managed by MLIT)
Asphalt
Not-
paved
Cement
National Roads 32,000km(Managed by Prefecture and
Metropolitan Cities)
Prefectural Roads
129,000km
Municipal Roads
997,300km
Asphalt 6,800kmCement 500km
Asphalt 21,000km
(for Light Traffic 400km)
Cement 1,100km
Asphalt 30,600km
(for Light Traffic 4,700km)
Cement 1,000km
Not-paved 400km
Asphalt 122,200km
(for Light Traffic 47,600km)
Cement 1,700km
Not-paved 5,100km
Asphalt 698,000km
(for Light Traffic 573,500km)
Cement 50,800km
Not-paved 248,500km
(2004.4.1)
Asphalt for
Light Traffic
Total
1,187,700km
Asphalt 878,600km
(for Light Traffic 626,200km)
Cement 55,100km
Not-paved 254,000km
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Technical Standards
Manuals for pavement technologies had been published and
revised by Pavement Committee in Japan Road Association
– Asphalt Pavement in 1950
– Cement Concrete Pavement in1955
– Recycling in 1980
– Drainage Asphalt Pavement in 1995
In 2001, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and
Tourism established “Technical Standard for Pavement
Structure”, which is based on performance-based
specification.
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Recycling Ratio of Construction By-Products
11%
14% 40%
65%
81%
58%
9%
41%
38% 96%
98%
85%
0 20 40 60 80 100%
Mixed ConstructionWastes
Construction Sludge
Waste Wood
from Construction site
Cement concrete
Asphalt Concrete
All of ConstructionBy-Products
For Fuel 45% 83% 65%
For Construction Material
2000 fiscal year1995 fiscal year
Recycling Ratio of Asphalt Concrete is Over 98
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Plant Recycling
Asphalt Mixture Recycle Plant
Recycled HMA
Virgin aggregate
Virgin Asphalt
Rejuvenator
Recycled aggregate
(Used pavement)
Recycle pavement
by-products at a
stationary mixing
plant (recyclingmixing plant)
Reuse them as
pavement materials
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Plant Recycling
Most popular in Japan
Recently, the ratio ofrecycled asphaltmixture is close to 70%.
Recycled asphaltmixture has already
been promoted to useaccording to thefollowing law
– Law Concerning thePromotion of
Procurement of Eco-Friendly Goods andServices by the Stateand Other Entities ( Lawon Promoting GreenPurchasing), enacted in
FY2000
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
1 9 9 0
1 9 9 1
1 9 9 2
1 9 9 3
1 9 9 4
1 9 9 5
1 9 9 6
1 9 9 7
1 9 9 8
1 9 9 9
2 0 0 0
2 0 0 1
2 0 0 2
2 0 0 3
2 0 0 4
2 0 0 5
2 0 0 6
2 0 0 7
T o t a l P r o d u c t i o n o f A s p h a l t M
i x t u r e ( × 1 , 0
0 0 t o n )
Virgin Mixture
Recycled Mixture
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Drainage Asphalt Pavement
Surface course ; Porous Asphalt MixtureBinder course ; Dense-graded Asphalt Mixture /
Coarse-graded Asphalt Mixture
4~5cm
5cm
Typical Properties of Porous Asphalt Mixture
・Maximum Particle Size: 5~13mm
・ Air Voids: 17~23%
・High Viscosity Modified Asphalt
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Advantage of Drainage Asphalt Pavement
The place where requires somecountermeasure for traffic noise
The place where the safe drive in rainy days is
required
→ Attention to the performance ofnoise reduction
→
Performance specification by thenoise level
→
Attention to the performance of water drainageRain
Noise
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Drainage Asphalt Pavement
Conventional Pavement
Improve Road Safety in Rainy Days
Less water on road surface– Improve skid resistance
– Improve driver’s sight
More than 70 of Expressways are paved by
Drainage Asphalt
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Thank you for your attention
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