Particle Cascade

ByDan Whiteley

&

Adam Esmail

Research

European Organisation for Nuclear Research

Geneva, Switzerland

known as CERN

Experiments at CERN

•Total Cost $6 Billion

• 10 Years to prepare

• Done in conditions at almost 300ºC

•6500 scientists work on the experiments, representing 80 countries.

The Atom

protons

neutrons

electrons

500 trillion in one of these

Protons and Neutrons

.

This is the number of protons in one gram!

Approx. 6 x 1023

Hadrons Leptons

‘Heavy Particles’

‘Light Particles’

0

+-

protons

neutrons

electrons

Large Hadron Collider (LHC)

+ +

1,000,000,000 km/h !

KABOOM!

MAGNET

E = mc2

Energy Mass

E = mc2

EnergyMass

The ‘Big Bang’

Time: 0 seconds Temperature: Infinite

All forces were one

Gravity

Strong Nuclear

Time: 1 trillionth of a second Temperature: 1000 trillionºC

Gravity

Strong Nuclear

Electromagnetic Weak Nuclear

Time: 1 millionth of a second Temperature: 100 trillionºC

quarks leptons

Time: 1 thousandth of a second Temperature: 1 trillionºC

Quarks make up hadrons

Time: after 100 seconds Temperature: 10 millionºC

Helium nuclei form

Time: 100 thousand years Temperature: 10 thousandºC

Atomic Era

Hydrogen Atom:1 proton, 1 electron

Time: 1 million years Temperature: 1000ºC

Everything starts to cool down

Stars and galaxies form

Time: 14 billion years (present day)Temperature: -270ºC

Background Radiation

The LHC will helpfind out…

… what happenedduring the Big Bang

PHYSICS IS SO MUCHMORE THAN THESE!

Thanks for Listening!

Any Questions?