Park ay421 culmination
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Transcript of Park ay421 culmination
INVISIBILITYTheExperiencesofFemaleUltimateFrisbeePlayersina
CoedTeam
HarryPark05/16/16
AY421Culmination
PlayingUltimateFrisbeeatColbyforthepastfouryears,onecharacteristicof
thesportIhavecometolearnisthatitcrownsitselfasanegalitariansport.Despite
thevariouscoedcollegeteams,clubs,leagues,andevenpickupgames,sexismand
oppressiondoexistonthefield.Asoneoftheco-captainsoftheColbyUltimate
Frisbeeteamthisyear,oneissuethatI’veobservedwasthenaturalizationof
frustrationandinvisibilityamongwomenplayersonthecoedteam.Theconstant
needtoproveoneselfonthefieldinordertoplaywithmen,toreceivethrowsfrom
men,andtobeconsideredasoneofthesevenplayersonthefieldwasbeing
constructedasanaturalexperienceforwomenwhoplayedoncoedteams.This
projectquestionsthe“natural”aspectofthoseexperiencesandtobringintolight
thattheperpetualfrustrationthatispartofwomen’sexperienceisconstructedand
hasbecomeadefinedrealitybythedominantculture.
Thisprojectisagraphicethnography,amediumthatjuxtaposesimagesand
textsinordertonarratetheindividualandcommunalexperiencesoffemaleplayers
inacoedUltimateteam.Unlikeatraditionalethnography,graphicethnographyisan
alternativeapproachtoproducingastorythatisaccessibleandcomprehendible.
Imagesareabletocapturewhatwordssometimescannot.Whenappliedcarefully,
drawingscandepictemotions,forcesofoppression,andeventhesenseof
invisibility.AsPhilipBourgoisstates,“embeddingthephotographintextallowsan
appreciationoftheeffectsofsocialstructuralforcesonindividuals”(Bourgois2009,
9),theincorporationofthevisualelementinethnographytransformsforcesthat
areabstractwhendescribedthroughtextintoimagesintimateandrelatable.
Thecollectionofeightstoriesweredesignedandproducedthroughan
interviewwitheightwomenUltimateplayersthathaveplayedwithacoedteam.
Whilesomestoriesarenarrativesofspecificexperiences,therearealsostoriesthat
aremanifestationsofcommunal,sharedexperiences,takingformasatypeof
discomfortsharedbymost,ifnotall,ofthewomenIhaveinterviewed.Itiscrucialto
notethatthesestoriesarenotdirectcritiquesofthegenderclimateofUltimate
Frisbee,butsuggesttothereaders,andespeciallytofellowUltimateplayers,that
theeverydayscenariosinmixedFrisbeethatpeoplehavecometoacceptas
“ordinary”shouldperhapsbequestionedandobservedfromadifferentangle.
InspiredheavilybyKathleenStewart’sOrdinaryAffects,“eachscenebeginsanewthe
approachtotheordinaryfromananglesetoffbythescene’saffects.Andeachscene
isatangentthatperformsthesensationthatsomethingishappening–something
thatneedsattendingto”(2007,5).
Ivisualizeandnarratethestoriesandfeelingsthatweresharedtomebymy
interviewees.LikeStewart,Idonotoffersolutionsorclosures.Theabrupt,brief,
anddisassemblednatureofthesestoriesworktorevealhowephemeraland
everydaytheseformsofviolenceare.Itisalsotosuggestreconsiderationofthe
ordinaryandtorealizethatitisnotnaturalforfemaleplayerstofeelinvisibleandto
feelthattheyhaveto“provethemselves”toplayinacoedteam.
INTIMIDATIONComingfromseparate,women’ssportsinhighschool,itcanbeabit
intimidatingplayingonthesamefieldasguys,especiallyifyoudon’tknow
whatyou’redoingandtheyhaveplayedbefore.
Ihadfewfriendswhoplayed.Thefriendwhotookmetothefirstpractice
endedupdroppingoutcouplemonthsinandpartofitwasthatshegot
busywithschoolwork,butshedidn’tcomebacktoit[practice]because
shewasintimidatedbysomeoftheolderguys.
POSITIONALSEGREGATION
Partofplayingmixedislearningeveryone’sstrengthsandweaknessesnot
onlybasedontheirgender,butalsobasedonjustthemselvesasaplayer.I
thinkthatpeopleneedtobecomelesssurprised.Theycan’tjustassume
thatfemaleplayerisanywaylesseroranincompetentplayer.
Thewomenareplaceholders.“Ohweneedsevenpeopleonthelineandit’s
requiredthatweneedatleasttwowomen?Sowhatever,goonthewing.”
WhenIwasacaptain,Itriedtoexplaintothewomen,“whenyou’re
playingawing,you’renotjustaplaceholder,youareaveryvitalpartof
thefieldandyouneedtodemandtoberecognized”because…playinga
wingismyfavoritespotandIrememberbeingputthereasasophomore
justsothatpeoplecangetmeoutoftheway.Soyeahit’sdefinitely
frustratingasagirlsometimes.
1.FayeLindaWachsexplainsin“”IWasThere…”:GenderedLimitations,
Expectations,andStrategicAssumptionsintheWorldofCo-edSoftball”
thatgenderhasastrongimpactontheplacementofplayersintospecific
fieldposition.Byutilizingacoedsoftballteamasacasestudy,Wachs
definespositionalsegregationasoneofthestrategiesthatrestrictthe
participationofwomeninsports.Inpositionalsegregation,menare
commonlyplacedinkeypositions,regardlessofskillsortalent,while
womenareplacedinlessdesirableorlessinvolvedpositions(2003,
183).
HANDLINGIdefinitelyfeelliketherearetimeswhen,andIdon’tthinkit’saconscious
thing,butIwouldbeopenandnotgetthedisc.Ihaveexperiencedthaton
everyteamI’veplayed.Idon’tknowifit’scauseI’mnotopen,orifit’s
causeI’mawoman,butIdefinitelyhaveexperiencedthatintermsofmy
understandingofgenderontheteam.
2.Pressurestoperformwellinfearofexclusionarearesultofpower
fromtheoppressionthatfemaleplayersfeel.Theconstructednotionin
acompetitivesportsscenethatplayerswhodropthediscarebad
players,andbadplayersdonotgetthrowntohavebecomeanaccepted
formoftruthincoedFrisbee.AsMichaelFoucaultdescribesthatpower
isacreationfromacceptedformsofknowledge(1976,93-94),thefear
femaleplayersofdroppingadiscamongshouldtoberecognizedas
constructedratherthaninherent.
HUCKFESTAhuckiswhenaplayermakesabigthrowdownthefieldIwasappalledthattheboysthoughtitwasokaytonotincludethegirls,
andthattheydidn’tunderstandthatitwasn’taboutindividualskillasit
wasacomparisonbetweentwoskillsofthematchup.
Iwoulddefinitelygetfrustratedwhenitbecameahuckfest.Iwouldget
vocallyangrywiththeboys,sorryitwasusuallyboys,whowerehuckingit
backandforth.Like,thisisn’tultimate,thisisyoutryingtoshowoff,and
youactuallysuck,youdon’thavethesethrows.Andthepersonyou’re
throwingtocan’treadthedisc.Sowhyareyoumakingthisdecision?
Idefinitelywouldgouptoboysandbelikeyouneedtochange,youneed
tobeincludingthegirlsandit’snotokay,andIunderstandyou’retrying
topractice,butthisisn’tthetime.Thesepracticesaren’tthetimetobe
workingonyourhuckandthingslikethat.Thisisthetimeforourteamto
becohesiveandfigureouthowtoplaytogether.
JOKINGIthinkinsomeways,there’sbeenmoretensionintheteam,butinagood
way.Womenontheteamandtheirallieswhoaremenarespeakingup
moreaboutthewaywetreatwomenasacoedteam,whichcreates
tension,becauseIalwaysfeltandotherpeoplefeltthattheFrisbeeteamis
verymuchacommunityandafamilyandweareallverywelcomingand
welikeeachotherverymuch.Whenyoubringupsomethinglike,you’re
ignoringlikeaquarteroftheteam,thenpeopletakepersonaloffenseto
that,becausetheyseeitasthecommunitythey’repartof,andtheydon’t
thinktheydothattomembersoftheircommunityandthatthey’remean
andhurtfullikethat.
It’sthatthetensioncomeswhentheyfeellikethey’rebeingtoldthat
they’rebeingmeanandhurtfulto,asifthey’repurposefullyand
consciouslyattackingpeoplewhenthat’snotthecase.
THECASUALPLAYERS
TherearesomepeopleIcanthinkofwhodon’tcometopracticethatoften
andsowhentheydo,I’mnotanauthorityfiguretothem.AndsoI’lldo
things/saythingsandthey’lllaughitoffornottakemeseriouslyormake
rudecommentstowardsmewithoutrealizingthatmaybeIdon’treact
welltonegativecommentsorIdon’tdeservetobespokentolikethat.I’m
notanauthorityfigureifyoudon’tcometopracticecauseyoudon’tknow
thatIhelprunpracticeandhelpwiththewayitrunsorhaveknowledge
aboutFrisbee.
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Irememberoneinstance,Isaidsomethingtooneofthemaleplayersand
heturnedaroundandwenttothemalecaptainsandwaslike“DoIdo
this?”andthemalecaptainwaslike“Nonono,you’refine.”Iwasn’t
blamingthemalecaptain,becausehehadn’theardwhatIwastryingto
sayandexplaintothisplayer,butatthesametime,youareblatantly
circumnavigatingmyauthorityandgoingtothemalecaptainjustsoyou
canhearwhatyouwanttohear.
USINGWOMEN
Wewerebeinglike,“Lookhowgreatwewereguys.Weweretryingtobe
equal.Weshouldallgetanaward”andI’mjustlikeweshouldjustdothat
already.Weshouldgetananti-awardfornotdoingthatbefore.
CAMARADERIE
TheidentitiesoffemaleFrisbeeplayersarenotconstantlyassociatedto
theirexperiencesofmarginalizationonthefield.Rather,forallofthe
interviewees,beingpartoftheUltimateFrisbeeteamwasanintegral
componenttotheirfouryearsplayingincollege.Ashalfofouracademic
yearisacoedseason,theotherseasonissplit,andthefemaleplayersof
ourteamalsopossessexperiencesandmemoriesformedthrough
bondingamongwomen.
AsamaleFrisbeeplayer,Icannotnarratetheemotions,the
conversations,andthebondingthatforminspaceswherethewomen’s
teamsocializeandmeet.Mypresence,bothasamaleplayerandasa
researcher,couldalsoaffecttheconversationsamongwomeninsuch
scenes.Butinordertoilluminatethesenseofcamaraderiethatform
amongthefemaleplayersofourteam,Iaskedonespecificquestionto
alloftheinformantsduringourconversation:
BIBLIOGRAPHYBourgois,Philip,andJefferySchonberg.RighteousDopefiend.Berkeley,CA:UniversityofCaliforniaPress,2009.
Foucault,Michael.“TwoLectures”,inPower/Knowledge:SelectedInterviewsandOtherWritings1972-1977,ed.ColinGordon(NewYork:PantheonBooks,1980)79-108.
Henry, Jacques M. "Gender Egalitarianism in Coed Sport: A Case Study of American Soccer." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 34.3 (1999): 277 - 290. Sage Journals. Web. 22 Feb. 2016. <http://irs.sagepub.com/content/34/3/277.abstract>.
James, C.L.R.. Beyond a Boundary. London: Stanley Paul & Co, 1963. Duke University press. Web. 16 Apr. 2016. <http://reader.dukeupress.edu/beyond-a-boundary/9?ajax>. Rankine, Claudia. Citizen: An American Lyric. Minneapolis, MN: Graywolf Press, 2014. Print. Stewart,Kathleen.OrdinaryAffects.Durham:DukeUniversityPress,2007. Terese, Stratta M. "Cultural Expressions of African American Female Athletes in Intercollegiate Sport." Athletic Intruders: Ethnographic Research on Women, Culture, and Exercise. Ed. Anne Boline. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2003. 79-105., . . Print. Wachs, Faye L. ""I Was There...":Gendered Limitations, Expectations, and Strategic Assumptions in the World of Co-ed Softball." Athletic Intruders: Ethnographic Research on Women, Culture, and Exercise. Ed. Anne Boline. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2003. 177-199., . . Print.