2018 National All-Star Academic TournamentRound 12 – Tossups

1. A non-mathematician Friedrich Gauss described how a party to this agreement rejected the idea of a wordy preamble. After this agreement was signed, one of its signatories joked that “If England had dominated the world, that was due to the stupidity of other countries.” A human chain was formed stretching 400 miles on the 50th anniversary of this agreement in a protest known as the Baltic Way. Maxim Livitinov suggested he had been fired so that this agreement could be signed. Alexander Yakolev was the first politician from one side to admit the existence of this agreement, whose enforcement ended with the launch of Operation Barbarossa. For 10 points, identify this agreement in which Hitler and Stalin’s countries agreed not to attack one another.ANSWER: Molotov-Ribbentropp Pact [or Ribbentropp-Molotov Pact; or Nazi-Soviet Pact; or German–Soviet Non-aggression Pact; or Treaty of Non-aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]<The above question is for the category History European 1914-present and was written by Daoud Jackson>

2. A contemporary review called this painting “a very crazy piece of Spanish madness” and “a glass of iced water which each visitor gets full in the face.” An essay about this scene argues that the presence of conflicting class markers upset its first audience. That essay about this painting’s Choice was by T. J. Clark. The central person of this painting has a black lace tied around her neck, and much of her hair blends into the Japanese-style screen behind her. A black cat stands with its tail up in the far right of this painting, and an African servant holds a bunch of flowers while looking at the title woman in this scene. For 10 points, name this painting that depicts a nude woman lying on a bed with a flower in her hair, by Édouard Manet.ANSWER: Olympia<The above question is for the category Arts Painting and was written by John Marvin>

3. The regioselectivity of a reaction of this kind that uses cerium trichloride in an alcohol solvent can be explained in terms of HSAB theory. A reaction of this type commonly used on aromatic systems uses an intensely blue electride salt derived from the addition of an alkali metal to liquid ammonia and generates non-conjugated dienes. Disulfide bonds can undergo a reaction of this type with BME and DTT which is used to denature proteins. One of these reactions is carried out under strongly basic conditions and relies of the formation of a hydrazone followed by loss of nitrogen gas. DIBAL-H and lithium aluminum hydride are common reagents for carrying out this type of reaction, which is exemplified by the conversion of an aldehyde to an alcohol. For 10 points, name this process where compounds gain electrons.ANSWER: reduction [or hydrogenation; prompt on redox] (The reactions referenced are the Luche, Birch, and Wolff–Kishner reductions.)<The above question is for the category Science Chemistry and was written by Ewan MacAulay>

4. The left hand repeats the chord “D G-sharp A” in quick eighth notes to open this composer’s piano piece “Ostinato.” This composer wrote a very short Opus 14 piano suite, and in another suite from his “piano year” of 1926, a run of chromatic grace notes up to the repeated semitone “D E-flat” represents the unka frog. “Parallel Motion” and various “Unison Melodies” appear in the first book of a collection of piano pieces by this composer, which he dedicated to his son Peter. The fourth movement of this composer’s Out of Doors exemplifies his “night music” style. He wrote “Six Dances in Bulgarian Rhythm” to cap off 153 pieces of increasing difficulty called Mikrokosmos. For 10 points, name this composer whose Allegro barbaro uses scales from his native Hungary.ANSWER: Béla Bartók [Béla Viktor János Bartók]<The above question is for the category Arts Music and was written by Shan Kothari>

2018 NASAT Presented by and © International Quiz Bowl Tournaments, LLC Round 12 Page 1

5. This Cabinet position was once held by a man named for a Liberian tribal chief who aided that man’s grandfather. A man nominated for this Cabinet post by George W. Bush was forced to pull out after revelations that he hired an undocumented immigrant as a nanny. Bernard Kerik was unsuccessfully nominated to this post, which was also held by a woman who preceded Jan Brewer as Arizona’s governor. The first woman to hold this post resigned to become president of the University of California system. This Cabinet position was first held by Tom Ridge. It was held during the Obama administration by Janet Napolitano. For 10 points, name this Cabinet position created after the 9/11 attacks to protect the US.ANSWER: Secretary of Homeland Security<The above question is for the category History American (1945-present) and was written by Mike Cheyne>

6. Though it’s not a broadcasting tower, Adziogol (AH-jig-ohl) is an example of one of these structures made of a hyperboloid lattice, built by Shukhov in southern Ukraine. The second-oldest of these structures in operation is a massively-buttressed example on the Estonian island of Hiiumaa (HEE-oo-MAH). The oldest building of this type, located in Spain, is the last Roman example still standing; that building in A Coruña (AH ko-ROON-yah) is called The Tower of Hercules. One of these in Genoa nicknamed Lanterna has been the tallest example of these buildings in mainland Europe since it was rebuilt in 1543. This type of building on Île Vierge in France is one of the last to be continuously manned, and another once existed at Alexandria. For 10 points, name this kind of tower for guiding ships.ANSWER: lighthouses [prompt on lights]<The above question is for the category Geography Europe and was written by John Marvin>

7. This god tricks animals into counting to nine so that he can eat them. This god disguised himself as a magnificent bird to find out that Wulbari sent him to find darkness, the moon, and the sun. He convinced a sky god to give humans water to cool them from the sun. He trapped the Mmoatia (mm-mo-AH-tee-uh) dwarves to a doll using yam paste. This god gathered all the wisdom in a world in a pot, but was startled by his son Ntikuma while climbing a tree; this caused him to drop the pot and lose the wisdom. He was also made the god of all stories by Nyame (nee-AH-may) when he gathered and traded away hornets, fairies, a leopard, and a python. For 10 points, name this spider trickster god of West Africa.ANSWER: Ananse [or Kwaku Ananse; or Anancy; or Nancy; or Aunt Nancy; or Sis Nancy]<The above question is for the category RMP Non-Greek/Roman Myth and was written by Fred Morlan>

8. Matthew Arnold argued that this book shouldn’t be taken as “a work of art; we are to take it as a piece” arguing that the author must have seen minor details like a character being late for a wedding because his shirts were packed up. Near the end of this novel a character remembers cooking raspberries above a candle as a child after a discussion with a peasant restores his Christian faith following the birth of his son. The horse Frou-Frou dies after being ridden too hard by Vronsky in this novel. This novel begins by describing how Stiva has cheated with a French governess, offending Dolly, an example of how “each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.” For 10 points, name this novel by Leo Tolstoy. ANSWER: Anna Karenina<The above question is for the category Literature European and was written by Daoud Jackson>

9. A construct named for this mathematician continuously surjects onto any compact metric space by the Hausdorff–Alexandroff theorem. That set named for this man is homeomorphic to the set of infinite binary sequences, is written as 2 to the bold-N, and has positive measure versions that are called “fat.” A counter-intuitive function that is constant almost everywhere and varies only on that set named for this man is called the Devil’s staircase. Removing the middle third of the interval between zero and one, then the middle third from the resulting intervals, and so on, yields a fractal named for this man. For 10 points, name this German father of set theory who proved the rationals are countable via his diagonalization argument. ANSWER: Georg Cantor [or Cantor set]<The above question is for the category Science Math and was written by Tim Morrison>

2018 NASAT Presented by and © International Quiz Bowl Tournaments, LLC Round 12 Page 2

10. This question, which appears at the conclusion to Chapter 9 of a novel, is prefigured midway through the book by similar questions in a sequence, including “Why do they live at all?” This question is asked after a man says “Now I want you to tell me just one thing more.” After answering this question “at once, immediately,” a man sits “panting in the cold air, the iron New England dark.” The person who answers this question is possibly spurred by it to end his freshman year at Harvard by a suicidal jump into the Charles River. This question is asked by the Canadian roommate “Shreve” McCannon in response to the sordid tale of Thomas Sutpen, and it prompts the repeated thought “I don’t, I don’t.” For 10 points, what question, asked in the last paragraph of Absalom, Absalom, causes Quentin Compson to re-evaluate his home region?ANSWER: “Why do you hate the South?”<The above question is for the category Literature American and was written by Penelope Ashe>

11. Dispersion in these systems is modeled by the Forouhi–Bloomer relation. One parameter used to characterize these systems equals the tangent of the amplitude ratio times e to the quantity i times the phase shift; that parameter is the complex reflectance ratio. In one measurement technique applied to these systems, linearly polarized light falls on the sample at an angle, resulting in a reflected beam with elliptical polarization. That method is ellipsometry. These systems are found in cadmium telluride solar cells, and can be manufactured via spin coating, physical vapor deposition, epitaxy, and sputtering. For 10 points, identify these systems in which the interference of light results in iridescent patterns, examples of which include silver-coated mirrors, soap bubbles, and oil spread on a water surface.ANSWER: thin films [or monolayers; prompt on films]<The above question is for the category Science Physics and was written by Matt Mitchell>

12. An opera by this composer begins with a rehearsal of a string sextet by Flamand, who argues against Olivier that music is more powerful than words. This composer wrote a rondo beginning with the words “Als ein Gott” to conclude a 12-minute-long coloratura aria in which Zerbinetta advises another woman about getting over heartbreak; that aria is “Grossmächtige Prinzessin” (GROSS-maysh-tig-uh print-SESS-in). In another opera by him, Octavian and Sophie sing the love duet “Ist ein traum” after the Marschallin bids Octavian farewell. An opera seria and a commedia dell’arte play must be performed simultaneously in the frame story to his opera Ariadne auf Naxos. Hugo von Hofmannsthal often collaborated with, for 10 points, what composer of Der Rosenkavalier?ANSWER: Richard Strauss [prompt on Strauss]<The above question is for the category Arts Opera and was written by Shan Kothari>

13. This philosopher quoted Gregory Chaitin’s (CHY-tin’s) definition of randomness in a paper that compared the task of understanding Conway’s Game of Life to the predictive success of folk psychology. This philosopher used the term “heterophenomenology” to describe a third-person approach towards understanding the mind, and his paper “Real Patterns” expands on his distinction between the physical, design, and intentional stances to understanding an entity’s behavior. He advocated “Quining Qualia” in one paper, and proposed replacing the homuncular notion of the Cartesian theater with his “multiple drafts” model of consciousness. For 10 points, name this philosopher of mind who wrote Consciousness Explained and Darwin’s Dangerous Idea.ANSWER: Daniel Dennett [Daniel Clement Dennett]<The above question is for the category RMP Philosophy and was written by Shan Kothari>

2018 NASAT Presented by and © International Quiz Bowl Tournaments, LLC Round 12 Page 3

14. The peasant Richard Gettner beseeches Countess Rosmarin Ostenberg for rescue during the 1848 uprising in Hungary in a play by this author. He also wrote a modern version of a mystery play set in Steyning in his drama about St. Cuthman. This playwright of The Dark is Light Enough and The Boy With a Cart wrote a comedy in which Tappercoom is confused by a man’s insistence on making new confessions. Like Gore Vidal, this author did uncredited rewrites on the Ben-Hur script. He wrote a play in which Nicholas Devize claims the right to marry Alizon Eliot after claiming to kill Humphrey. Jennet Jourdemayne is accused of turning Old Skipps into a dog in a play by this man that starts with Thomas Mendip seeking to be executed. For 10 points, name this author of The Lady’s Not For Burning.ANSWER: Christopher Fry [or The Dark is Light Enough until “this author” is read]<The above question is for the category Literature British Non-Shakespeare and was written by Penelope Ashe>

15. In monotonic games involving these things, only minimal-cost separating equilibria are immune from credible deviations. Crawford and Sobel showed that these things may be noisy if two parties’ preferences are not identical. Pooling equilibria occur if all players of a game choose the same form of these things. A 1973 paper by Michael Spence showed that risk-neutral employers could take advantage of these things, and argued that, even if acquiring college diplomas had no impact on an individual’s productivity, it could increase their wages due to acting as one of these things. Peacocks’ tails are an example of, for 10 points, what things, which along with screening can resolve adverse selection problems by conveying information about an agent’s type to a principal?ANSWER: signals<The above question is for the category Social Science Economics and was written by Travis Tea>

16. During this proceeding, a man asked for an opinion on Richard Epstein’s book Takings from a person supported by the testimony of Nancy Fitch and Diane Holt. David Brock said that The American Spectator hired him to write a “character assassination” regarding this event, which was described by another man as a “high-tech lynching.” At this event, which was prompted by the retirement of Thurgood Marshall, a woman claimed that the former chair of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission discussed pornography and made a lewd remark about a can of Coke. For 10 points, identify this 1991 Senate process in which a new Supreme Court justice was confirmed despite allegations of sexually harassing Anita Hill.ANSWER: Clarence Thomas confirmation hearings [or Clarence Thomas nomination hearings; or Supreme Court confirmation process of Clarence Thomas]<The above question is for the category History American (1945-present) and was written by Penelope Ashe>

17. The Rule of St. Benedict says that monks should sleep with these objects so they can “rise without delay,” and says that they should not be of such bad quality that “if left on the road no one would be tempted to take them,” in contrast to examples of these objects used by the Egyptian monks. Individuals who have been granted the Great Schema have these objects decorated with the instruments of the passion, and are given a special example of these things called the analavos. Carthusians wear an extra cloak with this ensemble as novices, which is removed after taking vows. Benedictines typically wear black examples of these clothes, and Carmelites typically wear brown. For 10 points, identify these prescribed ways of dressing sported by members of religious orders.ANSWER: religious habits [do not accept or prompt on “vestments”; prompt on monks’ robes, etc.]<The above question is for the category RMP Christian/Bible Religion and was written by John Marvin>

2018 NASAT Presented by and © International Quiz Bowl Tournaments, LLC Round 12 Page 4

18. Peter Kennedy and Darren Hickey were among four telecom workers who were kidnapped and killed in this region. Residents of this region were deported to Central Asia as part of Operation Lentil. The terrorist group Riyad as-Saliheen (ree-YAD us-SAH-lih-heen) was formed in this region and carried out the 2004 Beslan school massacre. A president of this region was killed in a 2004 stadium bomb blast; that man, Akhmat Kadyrov (OK-mot KAH-dih-rov), has since been succeeded by his son Ramzan. A war in this region spread into neighboring Ingushetia (in-goo-SHET-ee-ah) and ended with the Khasav–Yurt accord. For 10 points, name this region of the Caucasus where the Islamic republic of Ichkeria (itch-CARE-ee-ah) briefly established independence from the Russian Federation in the 1990s.ANSWER: Chechnya [or Ichkeria until it is read; prompt on Caucasus]<The above question is for the category History European 1914-present and was written by Daoud Jackson>

19. A tumor of these cells produces a “butterfly” appearance when crossing the midline, and classically displays pseudopalisading (SOO-doh-PAL-ih-sade-ing) necrosis. A tumor of these cells is treated with the 5/23 schedule of temozolomide and often positively stains for a type-3 intermediate filament, or fibrillary acidic protein, named for them. One class of these cells comes in ramified, reactive, and amoeboid morphologies and derives from the monocyte lineage; that class is their “micro” type, which are phagocytic. These cells are the namesake of the most aggressive and deadly primary brain cancer, GBM. Types of them include ependymal cells, which produce CSF, and oligodendrocytes, which make myelin. For 10 points, name these “support” cells in the nervous system.ANSWER: glial cells [or neuroglia; or astrocytes; or astroglia; or microglia] <The above question is for the category Science Biology and was written by Joelle Smart>

20. In a novel by this author, the Siriana school becomes much more oppressive after its former student Chui comes back to lead it. Characters in a novel by this author brew a drink from the Thang’eta plant to celebrate a good harvest, and another character in that novel commits suicide by jumping into a quarry. A donkey is the only victim when a plane crashes into the village in that novel by this author, which is renamed “New” after a railroad is built through it. This author created a character who burns down his former lover Wanja’s brothel, named Munira. This author explained his reasons for abandoning the English language for Gikuyu in Decolonizing the Mind. For 10 points, name this Kenyan writer of Petals of Blood and A Grain of Wheat.ANSWER: Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o (GOO-gee wah thee-ON-go) [or James Ngugi]<The above question is for the category Literature World and was written by John Marvin>

Extra. In a Lasse Hallström film, the protagonist fears that this news subject starved to death. After Gary Powers was shot down, he recounted being offered a brand of cigarettes named for this most famous trainee of Oleg Gazenko. This subject’s most notable mission was timed to coincide with the fortieth anniversary of the October Revolution. This passenger was selected ahead of Albina and Mushka and was selected from the streets of Moscow because of her perceived hardiness. This being died in 1957 because of overheating after the Block A element didn’t separate properly, and was the only occupant of the Sputnik 2 spacecraft. The first animal to orbit the earth was, for 10 points, what Soviet space dog?ANSWER: Laika [prompt on Muttnik]<The above question is for the category History European 1914-present and was written by Daoud Jackson>

2018 NASAT Presented by and © International Quiz Bowl Tournaments, LLC Round 12 Page 5

2018 National All-Star Academic TournamentRound 12 – Bonuses

1. A “map” named for this adjective is the mu-equals-two case of the tent map, and is a common example of chaotic behavior in a simple nonlinear system. For 10 points each:[10] Give this adjective that also names an S-shaped or sigmoid function used to model population growth, with the general form “L all over one plus e-to-the-negative-k-x.”ANSWER: logistic map [or logistic function][10] At every vertical line, the bifurcation diagram of the logistic map gives this set for its iteration at that r value. This is the set toward which a system evolves given varied inputs, and when it exhibits a fractal structure, it is called “strange.”ANSWER: attractor [or strange attractor][10] This constant is the limit ratio between each bifurcation interval to the next one in a logistic map, and is thus the ratio between the diameters of each consecutive circle on the real axis of the Mandelbrot set. Not much has been proven about this constant, not even that it is transcendental.ANSWER: first Feigenbaum constant [prompt on delta]<The above question is for the category Science Math and was written by John Marvin>

2. Though it is usually not translated due to cultural sensitivity, this man was converted when his teacher Ramakrishna sent him into terrifying mystical ecstasy by placing his foot on this man’s testicles. For 10 points each:[10] Name this Hindu monk, a major force in the revival of Hindu identity and nationalism, who traveled to the United States for the Parliament of World Religions in 1893.ANSWER: Swami Vivekananda [or Narendranath Datta][10] Vivekananda introduced this practice to the West. Since then, this spiritual discipline has been reduced to its physical components as a form of exercise and isolated from its religious context.ANSWER: yoga[10] Vivekananda was initially reluctant to worship before idols, until at Ramakrishna’s suggestion he went to a temple at Dakshineswar to pray to this goddess for financial security; when he was there, he had a mystical experience and prayed for “nothing but knowledge and devotion!” This goddess with dark skin is often depicted dancing atop her consort, Shiva.ANSWER: Kālikā<The above question is for the category RMP Non-Christian/Bible Religion and was written by John Marvin>

3. Although he also played soprano saxophone, Sidney Bechet performed pieces such as “Blue Horizon” on this instrument. For 10 points each:[10] Name this woodwind instrument played by bandleaders Woody Herman and Benny Goodman. George Gershwin’s Rhapsody in Blue opens with a glissando for this instrument.ANSWER: clarinet[10] This clarinet-playing bandleader, a rival of Goodman, wrote a Concerto for Clarinet that ends on a glissando up from an altissimo G to C. His hits include “Summit Ridge Drive,” played by his Gramercy Five, and a version of Cole Porter’s “Begin the Beguine.”ANSWER: Artie Shaw [or Arthur Jacob Arshawsky][10] Shaw’s band briefly employed this black singer, who quit after being asked to use the service elevator at the Lincoln Hotel. She co-wrote “God Bless the Child” with Arthur Herzog, Jr.ANSWER: Billie Holiday [or Eleanora Fagan; prompt on Lady Day]<The above question is for the category Arts Jazz and was written by Shan Kothari>

2018 NASAT Presented by and © International Quiz Bowl Tournaments, LLC Round 12 Page 6

4. This man used a spike hidden in a plate of pasta to escape with Father Balbi from a Venetian prison. For 10 points each:[10] Name this man whom the Prince de Ligne (PRANCE duh LEEN-yuh) encouraged to publish his memoirs, the Histoire de ma Vie (eest-WAHR duh mah VEE), after hearing how this Italian man had lived a life exciting enough to make him a by-word for promiscuity.ANSWER: Giacomo Casanova[10] This Hungarian author described how Casanova secretly got back to his life of promiscuity in his novel Casanova in Bolzano. He described a long-awaited reunion in his novel Embers.ANSWER: Sándor Márai (SHAWN-dor MAH-rye)[10] Casanova names a restaurant of this kind in Anthony Powell’s (pole’s) A Dance to the Music of Time. Immigrants to London run this kind of restaurant in Timothy Mo’s Sour Sweet.ANSWER: Chinese restaurant<The above question is for the category Literature European and was written by Daoud Jackson>

5. This scientist shared the 1954 Nobel Prize with Walther Bothe. For 10 points each:[10] Name this physicist who was awarded the prize for determining that probabilities are proportional to the square of the wavefunction.ANSWER: Max Born[10] The Born rule depends on this mathematical theorem of self-adjoint matrices. This theorem expresses matrices as a matrix with orthonormal vectors in columns times a diagonalized matrix times a matrix with orthonormal vectors in rows.ANSWER: spectral theorem[10] The approximation named for Born and this other scientist separates the wavefunction of the nucleus and electrons of a molecule. This scientist played a major role in the development of the atomic bomb but had his security clearance revoked when he opposed development of the hydrogen bomb.ANSWER: J. Robert Oppenheimer [or Julius Robert Oppenheimer]<The above question is for the category Science Physics and was written by David Reinstein>

6. An artist based in this city died in an accident while building Cementland, a public art environment north of this city. For 10 points each:[10] Name this Missouri city on the Mississippi River, the state’s largest metropolitan area. Its skyline is dominated by a catenary arch.ANSWER: St.   Louis [10] The aforementioned artist, Bob Cassilly, repurposed the International Shoe building into this attraction in St. Louis. It features an eclectic variety of repurposed objects, and includes extensive sculpted caverns and a ten-story slide, with a ferris wheel on the roof.ANSWER: The City Museum[10] This southern neighborhood of St. Louis hosts a vivacious Mardi Gras celebration. The 1860 Saloon is one of many historic jazz and blues clubs in this neighborhood, which is also home to the headquarters of Anheuser-Busch.ANSWER: Soulard<The above question is for the category Geography US and was written by John Marvin>

2018 NASAT Presented by and © International Quiz Bowl Tournaments, LLC Round 12 Page 7

7. Name these composers of pieces that are now used as standard études for violin students, for 10 points each.[10] This violin instructor at the Paris Conservatoire (con-sair-vah-TWARR) wrote 42 Études or Caprices. He was the dedicatee of Beethoven’s Violin Sonata No. 9, which fluctuates between A major and A minor.ANSWER: Rodolphe Kreutzer (KROYT-sir) [accept Kreutzer Sonata][10] This Polish violinist collected 10 études in his École Moderne (ay-COLE muh-DAIRN). He composed a “Preghiera” (preg-YAIR-ah), or “Prayer,” movement for his Violin Concerto No. 1 as well as the showpieces Scherzo-Tarantelle (SCARE-tsoh tah-ron-TELL) and Légende (lay-JOND).ANSWER: Henryk Wieniawski (HEN-rick v’yen-YOFF-skee) [or Henri Wieniawski][10] This virtuoso violinist became a celebrity after he premiered his 24 Caprices, which have become pedagogical tools. He used a theme from Rossini’s Moses for a set of variations that are performed on the G string only.ANSWER: Niccolò Paganini<The above question is for the category Arts Music and was written by Penelope Ashe>

8. Near the end of this film, there is a hypnotic, almost five-minute long sequence of slow-motion diving. For 10 points each:[10] Name this 1930s film released in two parts, the second of which was subtitled “Festival of Beauty.” Future Tarzan actor Glenn Morris reportedly had an affair with its director.ANSWER: Olympia[10] Olympia documents the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. The next summer games to take place in Germany was in 1972, when the games in this city were marred by the kidnapping and murder of Israeli athletes.ANSWER: Munich[10] An intersection of politics and the Olympics not involving Germany occurred at the 1956 Melbourne games, when this country won the “blood in the water” water polo match despite a player bleeding from his eye after being punched by his opponent.ANSWER: Hungary [Hungary was playing the Soviet Union, which had invaded Hungary in 1956.]<The above question is for the category History European 1914-present and was written by Mike Cheyne>

9. This man wrote a mock-epic about the mythical origin of corn. For 10 points each:[10] Name this author of The Hasty-Pudding, who joined men like David Humphreys, John Trumbull, and Lemuel Hopkins in forming a satirical literary society in the 1780’s.ANSWER: Joel Barlow[10] Barlow was a member of a group known as the “Wits” from this location in New England where the members resided.ANSWER: Hartford [or Connecticut][10] Barlow also wrote a 1787 poem about the “vision of” this man, said to be the “mariner who first unfurl’d an eastern banner over the western world” in 1492.ANSWER: Christopher Columbus [or Cristobal Colon; or Cristoforo Colombo; or The Columbiad]<The above question is for the category Literature American and was written by Kurtis Droge>

2018 NASAT Presented by and © International Quiz Bowl Tournaments, LLC Round 12 Page 8

10. One of this group’s leaders was John Elder, the “Fighting Pastor.” For 10 points each:[10] Name this vigilante group of frontiersmen that murdered twenty Susquehannock (suss-kwuh-HAN-uck) people in the Conestoga (con-uh-STOH-guh) massacre before marching on Philadelphia in the aftermath of the French and Indian War.ANSWER: Paxton Boys[10] The Paxton Boys were met outside Philadelphia in Germantown by this Founding Father, who agreed to have the legislature review their complaints. This polymath is more famous for publishing Poor Richard’s Almanack.ANSWER: Benjamin Franklin[10] The Iroquois were finally pushed out of the frontier by this 1779 campaign organized by George Washington. This expedition terrorized Iroquois villages in response to raids by leaders such as Joseph Brant and Cornplanter.ANSWER: Sullivan Expedition [or Sullivan-Clinton Expedition]<The above question is for the category History American (pre-1865) and was written by Nitin Rao>

11. This author wrote about Charles Arrowby, an obsessive playwright who decides to live in seclusion but encounters his first love, in The Sea, the Sea. For 10 points each:[10] Name this author, who also wrote The Black Prince, The Bell, and Under the Net. As a philosopher, she wrote The Sovereignty of Good, which revived Platonism in analytic moral philosophy.ANSWER: Iris Murdoch (MUR-dock) [Jean Iris Murdoch][10] This other author wrote The Sea, a novel that won the 2005 Man Booker Prize. It narrates the life of art historian Max Morden as he comes to terms with the death of loved ones.ANSWER: John Banville[10] Iris Murdoch and John Banville are both from this country, the birthplace of James Joyce.ANSWER: Republic of Ireland [or Poblacht na hÉireann; do not accept or prompt on “Northern Ireland”]<The above question is for the category Literature British Non-Shakespeare and was written by John Marvin>

12. The slow waves involved in gut smooth muscle contraction originate from interstitial cells named for this person. For 10 points each:[10] Name this Spanish scientist who shared a Nobel with Golgi, whose staining method he used to create beautiful, detailed illustrations of neuronal networks.ANSWER: Santiago Ramón y Cajal [10] Interstitial cells of Cajal have this capacity for self-generating rhythmic electrical activity. When this capacity of the sinoatrial node is dysfunctional, it can be supplemented with a namesake artificial device to regulate heartbeat.ANSWER: pacemaker [or pacing][10] This hormone secreted by intestinal crypt cells controls the migrating myoelectric complexes responsible for peristalsis during fasting. It is named for its role in gastrointestinal functioning.ANSWER: motilin <The above question is for the category Science Biology and was written by Joelle Smart>

2018 NASAT Presented by and © International Quiz Bowl Tournaments, LLC Round 12 Page 9

13. This man’s ghost supposedly haunts the town of Oranienbaum, protecting children from German bombs during World War II. For 10 points each:[10] Name this ruler, whose assumption to the throne was termed “The Miracle of the House of Brandenburg” by Frederick the Great. This Tsar’s most famous impersonator was Yemelyan Pugachev.ANSWER: Peter III [prompt on Peter][10] Claiming to be Peter III, the conman Stephen the Little was accepted as tsar by the people of this prince-bishopric. This small Adriatic principality secularized under Danilo I and split Sandjak with Serbia after the First Balkan War.ANSWER: Montenegro [or Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro; or Principality of Montenegro; or Kingdom of Montenegro][10] Peter III was overthrown by this woman, his wife and successor, with the help of the Orlov brothers. This tsarina who corresponded with Voltaire counted Grigory Potemkin among her lovers.ANSWER: Catherine the Great [or Catherine II; prompt on Catherine]<The above question is for the category History European 1400-1914 and was written by Nitin Rao>

14. In a poem titled for this person’s character, he is described as someone who “Turns his necessity to glorious gain; / In face of these doth exercise a power / Which is our human nature’s highest dower.” For 10 points each:[10] Identify this title man in an 1806 poem who is described as “he / Whom every Man in arms should wish to be.”ANSWER: Happy Warrior [or “Character of the Happy Warrior”][10] Wordsworth’s “The Character of the Happy Warrior” was written after the death of this man. This British admiral inspired C. S. Forester’s Hornblower series.ANSWER: Lord Horatio Nelson[10] This writer examined the tempestuous relationship between Lord Nelson’s mistress Emma Hamilton and her vulcanologist husband in The Volcano Lover. This author of “On Photography” contrasted content-based and formalist hermeneutics in “Against Interpretation.”ANSWER: Susan Sontag<The above question is for the category Literature British Non-Shakespeare and was written by Daoud Jackson>

15. Carolus Clusius was an important 16th-century horticulturist. For 10 points each:[10] Clusius was employed by Anton, a member of this German banking family. Its Augsburg scion Jakob (YAH-kop) was known as “the rich.”ANSWER: Fugger (FOOG-guh) family [accept Jakob Fugger][10] Starting in Vienna, Clusius’s observations on the breaking virus and his breeding program helped to establish the mania for these flowers in the Netherlands.ANSWER: tulips[10] Clusius left Vienna when he was appointed to lead the Hortus Botanicus in this city. Like Alkmaar, this city was saved from Spanish capture by the breaking of dikes and was afterwards rewarded for its perseverance with a university by William I.ANSWER: Leiden (LYE-din)<The above question is for the category History European 1400-1914 and was written by Daoud Jackson>

2018 NASAT Presented by and © International Quiz Bowl Tournaments, LLC Round 12 Page 10

16. This writer argued for indeterminism in The Open Universe, which along with Realism and the Aim of Science and Quantum Theory and the Schism of Physics constitutes his “postscript.” For 10 points each:[10] Name this philosopher of science who advanced the criterion of falsifiability to distinguish science from non-science.ANSWER: Karl Popper [Karl Raimund Popper][10] Popper advanced falsificationism in this book, which outlines a four-step process for deduction.ANSWER: The Logic of Scientific Discovery [or Logik der Forschung. Zur Erkenntnistheorie der modernen Naturwissenschaft][10] Popper’s epigraph to The Logic of Scientific Discovery is the quotation “Theories are nets: Only he who casts will catch” by this German romantic philosopher, a “magical realist” whose other works include Fichte Studies.ANSWER: Novalis [or Georg Philipp Friedrich Freiherr von Hardenburg]<The above question is for the category RMP Philosophy and was written by Shan Kothari>

17. Answer the following about the expression of group identities in politics, for 10 points each.[10] Arguing that traditional identity politics often ignores intragroup differences, Kimberlé Crenshaw coined this term to describe the ways that different kinds of identities, such as race, sexuality, and class, act in tandem.ANSWER: intersectionality[10] This Indian-born theorist used the term “strategic essentialism” to describe how people who share an identity set aside their differences to achieve common goals. She translated Jacques Derrida’s Of Grammatology into English.ANSWER: Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak[10] Mark Fisher, also known as k-punk, left this social media platform due to controversy over his blog post “Exiting the Vampire Castle,” which critiques identitarian politics. In May, a federal judge ruled that Donald Trump could not block people on this platform.ANSWER: Twitter<The above question is for the category Social Science Social Criticism and was written by Shan Kothari>

18. This artist painted a flurry of bright colors with emergent maypoles and ferris wheels in his Battle of Lights, Coney Island, Mardi Gras. For 10 points each:[10] Name this American Futurist, who painted Luna Park, By-Products Plants, and many depictions of Brooklyn Bridge.ANSWER: Joseph Stella [or Giuseppe Michele Stella; prompt on Stella; do not accept or prompt on “Frank Stella”][10] Though he worked in America, Stella was born in this country, whose Futurist movement developed after its manifesto was written by Filippo Marinetti.ANSWER: Italy [or Italian Republic; or Repubblica Italiana][10] This Futurist artist painted Dynamism of a Soccer Player and Dynamism of a Cyclist, exemplifying Futurist fascination with kinetic energy and modern transportation. He depicted a woman looking on as a city gets distorted by crowds of people in The Street Enters the House.ANSWER: Umberto Boccioni (bo-CHO-nee)<The above question is for the category Arts Painting and was written by John Marvin>

2018 NASAT Presented by and © International Quiz Bowl Tournaments, LLC Round 12 Page 11

19. This element forms a series of trigonal planar trihalides which can be used as Lewis acids. For 10 points each:[10] Name this element whose 10 isotope is used to make control rods for nuclear fission reactors.ANSWER: boron [or B][10] Christopher Longuet-Higgins found the correct structure of diborane by considering this type of chemical bond. In this type of bond, the bonding molecular orbital is filled, but the non-bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals are empty.ANSWER: 3-center 2-electron bonds[10] Borane is used in the first step of this reaction which is used to generate anti-Markovnikov alkene addition product. The second step of this reaction uses hydrogen peroxide to cleave the carbon-boron bond and generate an alcohol.ANSWER: hydroboration-oxidation [prompt on partial answer]<The above question is for the category Science Chemistry and was written by Ewan MacAulay>

20. This father of Philonoë (fill-uh-NOH-ee) was the king of Lycia. For 10 points each:[10] Name this king who received a letter from Proteus instructing him to arrange the death of Bellerophon.ANSWER: Iobates (eye-OBB-uh-teez)[10] Iobates tried to kill Bellerophon by instructing the latter to fight this monster which had parts of a lion, dragon, and goat.ANSWER: Chimera[10] Bellerophon later died in this manner as the result of a gadfly sent by Zeus.ANSWER: thrown off of Pegasus while attempting to fly to Mount Olympus [or died of a fall or impact with the ground or equivalents]<The above question is for the category RMP Greek/Roman Myth and was written by Penelope Ashe>

Extra. This process occurs following the larval stage in holometabolous organisms like beetles and butterflies. For 10 points each:[10] Name this phenomenon in which animals dramatically change form between juvenile and adult life stages.ANSWER: metamorphosis[10] In insects, metamorphosis is initiated when the corpora allata atrophy, rendering them unable to produce this kind of sesquiterpenoid (SESS-kwih-TER-pee-noid) hormone that regulates the pace of insect development.ANSWER: juvenile hormones [or JH][10] Three forms of juvenile hormone have only been found in this insect family, which includes butterflies and moths.ANSWER: Lepidoptera [or lepidopterans]<The above question is for the category Science Biology and was written by Shan Kothari>

2018 NASAT Presented by and © International Quiz Bowl Tournaments, LLC Round 12 Page 12