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2018 National All-Star Academic TournamentRound 16 – Tossups

1. A fiend who killed people that failed in this activity had his daughter Alope buried alive after she had a son with Poseidon. That character ruled Eleusis, was named Cercyon, and offered his kingdom to anyone who could best him in this activity, a bet eventually won by Theseus. An androgynous daughter of Hermes named Palaestra supposedly created this activity. On the way to the Garden of Hesperides, Heracles killed another son of Poseidon who was a champion of this activity by putting him in a bear hug. Antaeus could not be beaten in the traditional way in this activity since he was invincible as long as he was in contact with his mother, Gaia, the earth. For 10 points, name this activity which in real life involved making your opponent’s back touch the ground.ANSWER: wrestling [or palé; prompt on fighting]<The above question is for the category RMP Greek/Roman Myth and was written by Mike Cheyne>

2. A composer with this name wrote a drum-kit opera called Ilimaq and a string quartet containing the sections “Above Sunset Pass” and “Looking Toward Hope” called The Wind in High Places. That composer with this name won the 2014 Pulitzer Prize in Music for his one-movement piece Become Ocean. Another composer with this name wrote a “memory space” for orchestra, children’s choir, and a tape that reads the names of deceased people. That composer with this name wrote an opera whose aria “News Has a Kind of Mystery” is sung after a jet lands in Beijing, and Chairman Mao dances the foxtrot in its last act. For 10 points, give this name shared by an Alaskan composer and the composer of On the Transmigration of Souls and Nixon in China.ANSWER: John Adams [or John Coolidge Adams; or John Luther Adams; prompt on John]<The above question is for the category Arts Music and was written by John Marvin>

3. In Plutarch’s Parallel Lives, this man is paired with Lysander. During his time as governor of Cilicia, this statesman became the first magistrate to meet a Parthian ambassador. In recognition for his service during the Social War, this general was awarded a Grass Crown, the highest military honor. This general won victories at Chaeronea (kah-ruh-NAY-uh) and Orchomenus against Archelaus (ar-kuh-LAY-us) during the First Mithridatic War. After hearing of the death of Lucius Cornelius Cinna, this man sailed back to Italy and fought the Battle of the Colline Gate. After Publius Sulpicius Rufus stripped this leader of command, he became the first to march troops across the city of Rome’s boundaries. For 10 points, name this Roman dictator, the rival of Gaius Marius.ANSWER: Sulla [Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix]<The above question is for the category History European to 1400 and was written by Nitin Rao>

4. The world’s first metal truss bridge was opened in 1779 over this river; that bridge, the gorge it crosses, and the town it sits in are now named “Ironbridge” because of it. Two long suspension bridges over a channel called “the shoots,” one of them using the “English Stones” as a foundation, constitute this river’s eponymous “crossing” near its mouth. This river has been long discussed as the site of a possible power-generating barrage, due to its massive 46-foot tidal range that produces a recurring bore, a standing wave that surfers ride upriver. It rises at Wales’s highest point, and the River Wye and the Warwickshire Avon flow into this river, which drains into the Bristol Channel. For 10 points, name this river in West England whose enormous estuary sits between south Wales and Somerset.ANSWER: River Severn<The above question is for the category Geography Europe and was written by John Marvin>

2018 NASAT Presented by and © International Quiz Bowl Tournaments, LLC Round 16

5. In a novel from this country, a boy named Anodos sings a woman trapped as a marble statue back to life; that novel is Phantastes. A long modernist poem from this country claims that “The function, as it seems to me, / O’ Poetry is to bring to be” and includes a “Letter to Dostoevski.” A poet from this country frequently used a meter called “standard Habbie,” and another wrote A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle. This country’s Kailyard school included J. M. Barrie. A poet from this country addressed a “Wee, sleekit, cowrin, tim’rous beastie” in a poem that notes “The best-laid schemes o’ mice an’ men / Gang aft agley.” That poem is “To a Mouse.” For 10 points, name this home country of George MacDonald, Hugh MacDiarmid, and Robert Burns.ANSWER: Scotland [prompt on United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; prompt on UK; prompt on Great Britain; do not accept or prompt on “England”]<The above question is for the category Literature British Non-Shakespeare and was written by Shan Kothari>

6. Haiti’s Jean-Pierre Boyer was the first head of state to officially endorse this cause and legendarily sent twenty-five tons of coffee to help fund it. Frank Abney Hastings outfitted a steamer called the Karteria or “Perseverance” to fight for this cause. A victory by Admiral Edward Codrington eventually led to this cause’s goal being secured through the London Protocol and a government established two years later under a Bavarian prince. Russia, Britain, and France fought for this cause at the naval Battle of Navarino, and its opponents committed such atrocities as the massacre at Chios. For 10 points, name this cause fought for by men like Alexander Ypsilantis, which successfully sought to free a Mediterranean country from Ottoman rule.ANSWER: Greek independence [or Greek revolution; accept Greece in place of “Greek”]<The above question is for the category History European 1400-1914 and was written by Mike Cheyne>

7. The oxide of this element is the most commonly used transfer reagent during transmetallation of N-heterocyclic carbenes. One reagent containing this element has two atoms of it deposited onto celite and is used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols. The oxide of this element can be used to catalyze the conversion of diazoketone to ketene in the Wolff rearrangement, and carboxylates of this element can react with a halogen to produce a halide in Hunsdiecker–Borodin reaction. A reagent containing this element as the cation produces a white precipitate in the presence of terminal alkynes. This metal is found as part of an ammoniacal nitrate reagent that forms a “mirror” to distinguish aldehydes and ketones. For 10 points, name this metal found in Tollens’s reagent with symbolized Ag.ANSWER: silver [or Ag until read]<The above question is for the category Science Chemistry and was written by Paul Lee>

8. A character in this novel avers that “the confused battle scene that we perceive in our bewilderment, (God) perceives in His omniscience as two opposing armies in an orderly array.” In this book, a storyteller is killed by an angry mob in a coffee house after he recounts trying on his mother’s pistachio-green clothes as a young boy, and wonders if Western cultures fail because their men have constant erections. A character in this novel blinds himself, but continues to do all his work from memory. Butterfly, Stork, and Olive are suspects for a crime in this novel who work under Master Osman. Unusual narrators in this novel include a coin, Satan, a color, and the corpse of the recently murdered Elegant Effendi. For 10 points, name this novel about Ottoman miniaturists, by Orhan Pamuk.ANSWER: My Name is Red [or Benim Adım Kırmızı]<The above question is for the category Literature World and was written by John Marvin>


9. In this man’s writings, he told about how he had a halo around his head after he escaped from the Castel Sant’angelo, and wrote about convincing a Sicilian priest to summon a demonic army for him. In his autobiography, this man narrated that he stabbed a man who was trying to sue him so badly that he could not use his legs, and how that caused another plaintiff to drop his suit against him. This sculptor created a statue of a woman lying below a stag’s head, his Nymph of Fontainebleau (fon-ten-BLOH), and made a medallion of Leda and the Swan. This man created a table sculpture with a small temple that shows a nude woman representing the earth and a nude man representing the sea, holding a trident. For 10 points, name this Italian sculptor of a Saliera for Francis I, or “Salt Cellar,” and of Perseus with the Head of Medusa.ANSWER: Benvenuto Cellini<The above question is for the category Arts Sculpture and was written by John Marvin>

10. The first Hardy–Littlewood conjecture asserts that there exists an explicit formula for computing the asymptotic number of certain sets of these things known as “constellations” of these objects. Skewes’s number was used as an upper bound for a condition involving a function named for these things; that function named for these objects is related to the logarithmic integral by a theorem also named for these things. Multiplying finitely many of these things and adding one is a procedure appearing in a proof of the infinitude of these things by Euclid. For 10 points, identify these things, which have specific types named for Germain and Mersenne, and are integers divisible only by one and themselves.ANSWER: prime numbers<The above question is for the category Science Math and was written by Conor Thompson>

11. This speech argued that “the man who is employed for wages is as much a business man as his employer.” This speech was preceded by an ill-tempered fifty-minute speech by “Pitchfork Ben” Tillman advocating the same cause, and it mocked a rival who was recently elected in St. Louis for his resemblance to Napoleon. This speech praises Thomas Benton’s comparison of Andrew Jackson to Catiline, praising his actions “when he destroyed the bank conspiracy and saved America.” It concludes that with “toilers everywhere” on their side, the party of its deliverer will reply “you shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns.” For 10 points, identify this speech in favor of silver currency, delivered at the 1896 Democratic convention by William Jennings Bryan.ANSWER: “Cross of Gold” Speech<The above question is for the category History American (1865-1945) and was written by Daoud Jackson>

12. Houyi defeated a god of this phenomenon who took the form of a one-eyed bull with a serpent’s tail. A mace-wielding god of this phenomenon is the father of Bhima in Hindu mythology. Marduk kills Tiamat by gathering this phenomenon and sending it through her body. With the harpy Podarge, a god of this phenomenon fathered the talking horses Balius and Xanthus, and with his wife Orithyia (ori-THIGH-uh), fathered the twins Calais (kuh-LAY-iss) and Zetes (ZEE-teez). In Shintoism, this phenomenon was controlled by Fujin (FOO-jeen), the brother of Raijin (RYE-jeen). In Greek mythology, it was personified by four deities known as the Anemoi. Odysseus and his crew are given a bag of this phenomenon by Aeolus. For 10 points, name this meteorological phenomenon controlled by Zephyrus.ANSWER: wind [prompt on weather] <The above question is for the category RMP Non-Greek/Roman Myth and was written by Rohith Nagari>


13. A large one of these objects appears beside a smaller one behind a house to the left in the background of Albert Bierstadt’s Gosnold at Cuttyhunk. Fitz Hugh Lane’s work focuses on these objects, which feature in his painting of Owl’s Head. One of these objects owned by Dr. Isaac Hayes appears in the bottom left of Frederick Edwin Church’s Aurora Borealis. Some of these objects can be seen inside the title container in the painting Titan’s Goblet. In a set of paintings by that same artist, a group of angels, the frontmost of which holds an hourglass, make up one of these objects; that series is The Voyage of Life by Thomas Cole. For 10 points, name these vehicles which Hudson River School artists often depicted on water in their landscapes.ANSWER: boats [or ships; or watercraft; or sailboats; prompt on sails or other parts of a sailing ship until “angels” is read]<The above question is for the category Arts Painting and was written by John Marvin>

14. This scholar used the example of a painter who conceives of his painting before executing it in a text that opens with this man inviting the reader to “come now, insignificant man, fly for a moment from your affairs.” In another text, this scholar argues that, rather than serving as a ransom, Christ’s death repaid the honor taken away by sinners by bringing “satisfaction” to God. A text by this author of Cur Deus Homo refutes the “fool of Psalms” by distinguishing between the understanding and reality and uses an argument later refuted by Gaunilo that posits the existence of an imaginary island. That text by this scholar, the Proslogion, argues that the greatest possible conceivable being must, by definition, exist. For 10 points, name this Archbishop of Canterbury who formulated the ontological argument for the existence of God.ANSWER: Saint Anselm of Canterbury [or Anselm of Aosta; or Anselm of Bec]<The above question is for the category RMP Christian/Bible Religion and was written by Young Lee>

15. This phenomenon can be found in the defensively shed gills of the green bomber worm. One hypothesized cause of mareel is this phenomenon. One enzyme responsible for this process acts upon coelenterazine, has activity measured in RLU, and is commonly isolated from Renilla. This phenomenon is caused in the Hawaiian bobtail squid by the bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri. Some fungi that have this trait are commonly referred to as foxfire, and it is caused by the activity of luciferases. This trait can also be found in certain insects, including click beetles and fireflies. For 10 points, name this property which allows light to be created by life.ANSWER: bioluminescence<The above question is for the category Science Biology and was written by Fred Morlan>

16. This country’s November Constitution created a joint parliament called the Rigsråd (REESE-road) to rule a captured territory in contravention of the London Protocol. In a neighboring country, Frederick, Duke of Austenberg became a nationalist icon after the death of one of this country’s monarchs. The first Red Cross armbands were worn by observers of this nation’s defeat at Dybbøl. This country’s king Christian IX was known as “the father-in-law of Europe” after his daughter Alexandra married Edward VII. The death of the last Oldenburg monarch of this country, Frederick VII, caused it to lose control of two duchies to its south because of Salic Law. For 10 points, name this country which contested the Schleswig-Holstein (SHLESS-wig-HOLE-styne) question with its southern German neighbors.ANSWER: Denmark<The above question is for the category History European 1400-1914 and was written by Daoud Jackson>


17. A poem in this language parenthetically notes “how serious people’s faces have become” before “everyone goes home lost in thought.” A poem in this language describes “summer mornings when” “you enter harbors you’re seeing for the first time,” and repeats the line “hope your road is a long one” in reference to the journey back to one’s homeland. A poem in this language describes people who “never betray what is right” while guarding a city, though they know enemies “will break through after all.” Those poems in this language, one of which asks “What are we waiting for, assembled in the forum?”, are “Waiting for the Barbarians” and “Ithaca.” For 10 points, name this language of C. P. Cavafy (kuh-VAH-fee), who was inspired by ancient poems in this language such as the Iliad and the Odyssey.ANSWER: Modern Greek<The above question is for the category Literature European and was written by Joseph Krol>

18. This thinker described the title concept as “an injunction not to satisfy ourselves by impoverishing our successors” in the speech Sustainability: An Economist’s Perspective. This man claimed to be “plus Rawlsian que le Rawls” (ploose Rawls-ee-in kuh luh Rawls). He said that the max-min criterion was more reasonable than utilitarianism in calculating intergenerational consumption with exhaustible resources. Paul Romer adapted a book by this man by dividing workers into producing ideas and output. This thinker claimed that eighty percent of increases in US incomes could be attributed to productivity, and showed that increased capital investment does not alter the size of an economy in a steady state. For 10 points, identify this American economist, who names a long-run neoclassical growth model along with Trevor Swan.ANSWER: Robert Solow (solo)<The above question is for the category Social Science Economics and was written by Travis Tea>

19. A preacher in this play recounts a dream about meeting three candle-holding hobos who were on their way from Nazareth to Jerusalem. A character in this play quotes a blues song by Skip James when discussing his plan to become a cotton farmer. Some people in this play believe that suspicious deaths are caused by the “Ghosts of the Yellow Dog,” spirits of men killed when a boxcar was set on fire. This play starts with the arrival of a truck full of watermelons driven by Lymon and Boy Willie to Doaker’s house in Pittsburgh. It ends when the title object is used to exorcise the ghost of Sutter, a dead slaveowner who tormented the Charles family. For 10 points, name this play from the Pittsburgh Cycle by August Wilson about a failed attempt to sell a musical instrument.ANSWER: The Piano Lesson<The above question is for the category Literature American and was written by Penelope Ashe>

20. Feynman diagrams arise from the Wick expansion of one of these objects, which is named for the letter S. These mathematical objects are the elements of SU groups, and mixed quantum states are described by the “density” one of these objects. Neutrino mixing is modeled by the PMNS one of these objects, and one of these objects that describes flavor-changing weak interactions is named for Cabibbo, Kobayashi, and Maskawa. Rank-2 tensors can be represented by these objects, and one of these objects is called Hermitian when its complex conjugate is equal to its transpose. For 10 points, name these mathematical objects that represent linear maps and are written as rectangular arrays of numbers.ANSWER: matrix [or specific types of matrices; or rank-2 tensor until it is read; prompt on operator; prompt on tensor]<The above question is for the category Science Physics and was written by Matt Mitchell>


Extra. A fibula found in Meldorf in Schleswig-Holstein (SHLESS-wig-HOLE-styne) has been used as evidence for the early development of these things. These things are found on Venice’s Piraeus Lion. The presence of the word alu has been used as evidence that these things were used in magic, and evidence of several of these things made by Halfdan is in the Hagia Sofia (AH-ya SO-fee-ah). Elder Futhark (FOO-thark) is one of the oldest collections of these things. An item found at Rök is home to one of the longest sequences of these things and describes “Theodrikr the bold.” Guido van List created a set of eighteen of these things, two of which inspired the insignia of the SS. For 10 points, name these letters that were used to write inscriptions in Germanic languages before the introduction of the Latin alphabet. ANSWER: runes [or runic letters; or runic alphabets; or runic inscriptions; prompt on letters or alphabets]<The above question is for the category History European to 1400 and was written by Daoud Jackson>


2018 National All-Star Academic TournamentRound 16 – Bonuses

1. A symphony written in this key includes a passage where every tone in the chromatic scale except for the tonic is played, and is the symphony its composer wrote before the Jupiter Symphony. For 10 points each:[10] Name this minor key that Mozart used for his only two minor-key symphonies.ANSWER: G minor [or sol minor][10] This Mozart symphony is nicknamed the “Great G minor.” Leonard Bernstein (BURN-styne) analyzed its musical syntax in his second Norton Lecture before performing an arrangement of it with extra repeats.ANSWER: Symphony No. 40 in G minor[10] This “Little G minor” symphony by Mozart opens with the violins playing G in a syncopated rhythm over the celli playing G on every beat. It accompanies Salieri’s attempted suicide in an Amadeus scene.ANSWER: Symphony No. 25 in G minor<The above question is for the category Arts Music and was written by Penelope Ashe>

2. Up to fifteen high Roman officials had no other job but to protect these objects. For 10 points each:[10] Name these collections of utterances in hexameter (hex-AM-uh-ter), three of which remained after their original owner burned six during negotiations over their cost.ANSWER: Sibylline Books [or Sibyl’s books][10] This Roman king foolishly attempted to drive down the price of the Sibylline Books. He was overthrown after his son raped Lucretia.ANSWER: Lucius Tarquinius Superbus [or Tarquin the Proud; prompt on Tarquinius][10] The Sibyl of this city sold the books to Tarquinius and guided Aeneas into the underworld.ANSWER: Cumae [or Cumaean Sibyl]<The above question is for the category RMP Greek/Roman Myth and was written by Penelope Ashe>

3. This kingdom gave nobles a significant amount of power in the “Golden Liberty” system. For 10 points each:[10] Name this country, in which all nobles were considered to have equal legal status and controlled an elected king as well as the legislature, the Sejm (same).ANSWER: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth [or Kingdom of Poland; or Poland-Lithuania][10] This man was elected in 1573 as the first elected monarch of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, but reigned for only a few years before leaving the country. His namesake articles were a charter specifying that kings had to be elected by the nobles.ANSWER: Henry III [prompt on Henry; prompt on Henrician Articles][10] Henry III departed Poland to rule this country as the final monarch from the House of Valois (val-WAH).ANSWER: Kingdom of France<The above question is for the category History European 1400-1914 and was written by Mike Cheyne>


4. A 2017 article criticized this literary magazine for omitting Brigid Hughes from its masthead’s list of former editors. For 10 points each:[10] Name this literary magazine from which Lorin Stein resigned as editor in late 2017.ANSWER: The Paris Review[10] The Paris Review was edited for its first thirty years by this author, who wrote many so-called “participatory novels,” such as Paper Lion, in which he played for the Detroit Lions.ANSWER: George Plimpton [George Ames Plimpton][10] In this man’s novel Exit Ghost, George Plimpton publishes the writing of this author’s character Nathan Zuckerman. He also wrote Portnoy’s Complaint.ANSWER: Philip Roth [Philip Milton Roth]<The above question is for the category Literature American and was written by Fred Morlan>

5. Note: do not reveal alternative answers to part 1. In non-compartmental analysis, total drug exposure over time can be estimated by using the linear-up, log-down method for calculating this quantity. For 10 points each: [10] Name this mathematical quantity that is also calculated to represent the inherent validity of dichotomous diagnostic tests. The trapezoid rule approximates this quantity by filling up this space on a graph.ANSWER: area under the curve [or AUC; or area under the receiver operator characteristic curve; or AUROC curve][10] The performance of tests can be assessed by first using this statistical tool from signal detection theory that plots the tradeoff between the true positive rate and the false positive rate over a continuum of cutoff points. The validity is then found by calculating the area under its namesake curve.ANSWER: receiver operating characteristic curve [or ROC curve][10] The false positive rate on a ROC curve is also known as one minus this value. A biomarker might correctly identify 10 out of 10 cases of prostate cancer, but it may also inappropriately catch 5 out of 20 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia, thus giving it a sensitivity of 1 but a value of 0.75 for this parameter.ANSWER: specificity <The above question is for the category Science History of Science and was written by Joelle Smart>

6. A species of giant stick insects were rediscovered on this island in 2001, with only twenty-four individuals remaining. For 10 points each:[10] Identify this small island named for its triangular shape. It is the tallest volcanic sea stack on earth and is located near Lord Howe Island.ANSWER: Ball’s Pyramid[10] The Lord Howe archipelago is located in this sea, between Australia and New Zealand. It is named after the same explorer as Australia’s largest island.ANSWER: Tasman Sea[10] Norfolk Island in the Tasman Sea was settled by people from this much more remote Pacific island, home to the descendants of the HMS Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions. In 2004 its culturally normalized underaged sex landed half its male population on trial for abuse.ANSWER: Pitcairn (PIT-kern) Island<The above question is for the category Geography World and was written by John Marvin>


7. The first painting in this series shows a distorted dog with one green and one yellow eye; that painting transmutes a red hat and white collar from another painting into the dog’s entire form. For 10 points each:[10] Name this series by a Catalan painter, based on Golden Age pieces by Jan Steen and Hendrik Martenz Sorgh.ANSWER: the Dutch Interiors series[10] The Dutch Interiors series was painted by this artist of The Tilled Field and Dog Barking at the Moon. The Dutch Interiors were made during a phase where he claimed he wanted to “assassinate painting.”ANSWER: Joan Miró i Ferrà [Joan Miró i Ferrà][10] Jan Steen painted A Burgomaster of this Dutch city with his daughter after it suffered an explosion in 1654. Jan Vermeer painted A View of this city, which was famed for its blue pottery.ANSWER: Delft<The above question is for the category Arts Painting and was written by John Marvin>

8. The Fieschi (f’YES-kee) Letter claimed this man became a monk or someone known as “William the Welshman.” For 10 points each:[10] Name this man who was killed when a letter was sent to Berkeley Castle by his wife and her lover. That letter depended on a comma placement to either indicate “do not be afraid to kill” this man, or “do not kill” this man.ANSWER: Edward II [prompt on Edward][10] This woman, Edward II’s wife, probably ordered his death in concert with her lover, Roger Mortimer. She avoided being executed when Mortimer was deposed by Edward III.ANSWER: Isabella of France [or Isabella the She-Wolf; prompt on the She-Wolf of France][10] Edward I, Edward II, and Roger Mortimer all battled this kingdom, whose leaders included Robert the Bruce and William Wallace.ANSWER: Kingdom of Scotland<The above question is for the category History European to 1400 and was written by Mike Cheyne>

9. This author wrote a trilogy that contained With Fire and Sword and Fire in the Steppe. For 10 points each:[10] Name this author who wrote The Deluge.ANSWER: Henryk Sienkiewicz (shen-k’YEH-veetch) [Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz][10] In Quo Vadis, Sienkiewicz wrote about this Christian who, while leaving Rome, was met by Jesus, then returned to Rome to be martyred.ANSWER: Saint Peter [or Simon Peter; or Simeon][10] In Quo Vadis, Ursus chokes this kind of animal to death. Lygia was strapped to the back of this animal while nude. People fight these animals in Death in the Afternoon.ANSWER: bull [prompt on cattle; prompt on cow]<The above question is for the category Literature European and was written by Fred Morlan>


10. Eric Turkheimer has argued that this particular quantity is lower among lower-class people. For 10 points each:[10] Identify this quantity whose value is often estimated as between 0.5 and 0.8 for adults, and lower for children. In The Bell Curve, Charles Murray and Richard Herrnstein use its high apparent within-group value to argue that environmental effects are unimportant.ANSWER: heritability of intelligence [or heritability of IQ; or heritability of g; do not accept or prompt on “IQ,” “intelligence,” or “g”][10] In humans, heritability is often evaluated by studying people who have this relationship to one another. They share nearly 100 percent of their genes with each other if they are monozygotic.ANSWER: twins[10] William Dickens and this scientist developed a model in which the environment has a major effect on IQ despite high heritability. This man names an effect in which IQ rises through generations.ANSWER: James Robert Flynn<The above question is for the category Social Science Psychology and was written by Shan Kothari>

11. Dionysius Exiguus was a Scythian monk in the sixth century. For 10 points each:[10] Exiguus is credited with developing this label for numbering years in relation to the number of years after the birth or conception of Jesus Christ. It was not widely used until the work of Bede (beed).ANSWER: Anno Domini [or AD; or BC; or Before Christ][10] Exiguus developed a comptus, a calculation used for this purpose. Bishop Colman championed Iona’s (eye-OH-nuh’s) calculation for this purpose at this Synod of Whitby.ANSWER: determining the date of Easter [or calculating the date of Easter; prompt on setting the calendar or other mentions of standardizing the calendar without mention of Easter][10] Much of the evidence about the life of Dionysius Exiguus comes from this author of the Institutiones. Jordanes’s Getica was intended as a shortened version of this statesman’s Gothic History.ANSWER: Cassiodorus<The above question is for the category History European to 1400 and was written by Daoud Jackson>

12. Answer the following about mice in British poetry, for 10 points each:[10] Anna Barbauld’s poem “The Mouse’s Petition” describes the title creature’s “pensive prisoner’s prayer” intended to a scientist with this surname. A ghoulish investigator visits the Birling family to discuss a suicide in a much later play by an author with this surname.ANSWER: Priestley [or J. B. Priestley; or Joseph Priestley][10] This poet of “Whoso List to Hunt” and “They Flee to Me” discussed the town mouse and the country mouse in “Of the Mean and Sure Estate.” This poet may have been a lover of Anne Boleyn, and he introduced the sonnet into England.ANSWER: Thomas Wyatt[10] John Betjeman’s (BETCH-uh-min’s) “Diary of a Country Mouse” was one of a number of popular poems he wrote before he was appointed to this office, in which he was succeeded by Ted Hughes.ANSWER: Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom<The above question is for the category Literature British Non-Shakespeare and was written by Daoud Jackson>


13. A building under construction in this city was previously known as the Scorpion Tower, but has been renamed the 1000 Museum. For 10 points each:[10] Name this city, home to the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts designed by César Pelli, and a concert hall designed by Frank Gehry called the New World Center.ANSWER: Miami[10] The 1000 Museum in Miami was designed by this Iraqi-born architect who died in 2016. Her work is based around computer-generated parametric curves, as in her cultural center in Baku, the MAXXI museum in Venice, and the Zaragoza Bridge Pavilion.ANSWER: Zaha Hadid (ZAH-hah hah-DEED)[10] This Swiss architecture firm designed an experimental parking garage at 1111 Lincoln Street in Miami that features irregular trapezoidal supports and glass-enclosed storefronts and apartments. They also designed the “Bird’s Nest” for the Beijing Olympics.ANSWER: Herzog & de Meuron [or HdM]<The above question is for the category Arts Architecture and was written by John Marvin>

14. This man is described as “Fam’d for thy valour, for thy virtues more.” For 10 points each:[10] Name this “great chief, with virtue on thy side” who is said to deserve “A crown, a mansion, and a throne that shine” in a poem beginning “Celestial choir! enthron’d in realms of light.”ANSWER: George Washington [or His Excellency General Washington][10] This author of “His Excellency General Washington” also wrote of her conversion to Christianity during the slave trade in “On Being Brought from Africa to America.”ANSWER: Phillis Wheatley[10] Washington wrote a letter in reply to Wheatley’s poem while headquartered in this city from 1775 to 1776. Washington’s house here was later occupied by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow while Longfellow was teaching in this city.ANSWER: Cambridge, Massachusetts<The above question is for the category Literature American and was written by Penelope Ashe>

15. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak criticized the weak evidence this thinker used in her book About Chinese Women to buttress her claim that Chinese society is shaped by lingering elements of a matriarchal past. For 10 points each:[10] Name this Bulgarian-born French feminist thinker who wrote Powers of Horror and introduced the term “intertextuality.” Allegations made in 2018 suggest that she may have been a Bulgarian secret agent.ANSWER: Julia Kristeva[10] Kristeva’s notion of abjection, which describes a visceral reaction to a threatened dissolution of meaning, was inspired by the notion of objet petit a (ob-JAY puh-TEET AH) from the psychoanalytic theories of this author of Écrits (ay-KREE).ANSWER: Jacques Marie Émile Lacan[10] Lacan’s ideas were controversial among psychoanalysts because many perceived them as a break from this founder of psychoanalysis who wrote On the Interpretation of Dreams.ANSWER: Sigmund Freud (FROYD)<The above question is for the category RMP Philosophy and was written by Shan Kothari>


16. The one-word title of a popular textbook by Herbert Wilf is “[these things]-ology.” For 10 points each:[10] Name these functions that associate a sequence with a formal power series whose coefficients are defined by that sequence.ANSWER: generating function [or “generatingfunctionology”][10] Generating functions can be used to derive the fact that the nth number in this sequence is “2n-choose-n over n-plus-one.” This ubiquitous sequence in combinatorics gives the number of ways of triangulating a polygon with n-plus-two sides using n triangles. ANSWER: Catalan numbers [10] For a random variable X, the moment-generating function at a value t equals the expected value of this function of t times X. The natural logarithm is the inverse of this function.ANSWER: exponential function [or e to the X; accept any other letter in place of “X”]<The above question is for the category Science Math and was written by Tim Morrison>

17. This art form includes commanding “Hayya ala salah” twice, followed by “Hayya ala’l falah,” or “Hasten to salvation.” For 10 points each:[10] Name this practice first performed by the Abyssinian slave Bilal ibn Rabah, which involves declaiming the kalimah from a minaret.ANSWER: reciting the adhan (ah-THAHN) [or reciting the azzan; or being a muezzin; or reciting the Islamic call to prayer; do not accept answers involving “singing” or “chanting”][10] Muezzins (moo-EH-zins) work to have control over seventeen locations in the mouth and throat that govern this technique of pronouncing the Qur’an properly during recitation.ANSWER: tajwid[10] There are ten different schools of this general method of recitation, which governs the usage of rhythms, intonations, and pauses in the text of the Qur’an.ANSWER: Qira’at<The above question is for the category RMP Non-Christian/Bible Religion and was written by Penelope Ashe>

18. Christian Anfinsen oxidized these bonds in order to study the catalytically active conformation of RNase A. For 10 points each:[10] Name these bonds that are typically formed between oxidized cysteine residues. The formation of these bonds can contribute to the tertiary structure of a protein.ANSWER: disulfide bonds[10] This enzyme catalyzes protein folding by ensuring proper disulfide exchange of misformed disulfide bonds. This enzyme found in the ER can be re-oxidized by Ero1.ANSWER: PDI [or protein disulfide-isomerase][10] This chaperone protein is responsible for proper folding of proteins that are translocated into the ER. It has two well-conserved cysteine residues that form a disulfide bridge critical for binding to denatured proteins.ANSWER: BiP [or binding immunoglobulin protein]<The above question is for the category Science Biology and was written by Paul Lee>


19. This man remarked “I conquer to save; you to kill” to Henry Procter after halting a massacre of American prisoners following the Siege of Fort Meigs. For 10 points each:[10] Name this Shawnee warrior who led a multi-tribal confederacy with his brother Tenskwatawa (TEN-skwuh-TAH-wuh) from Prophetstown. This chief fought a namesake war with William Henry Harrison that climaxed at the Battle of Tippecanoe.ANSWER: Tecumseh [accept Tecumtha or Tekamthi][10] Tecumseh began his rebellion after Harrison negotiated this treaty with local tribes ceding three million acres around the Wabash River. This treaty was signed at a location named for the victor of the Battle of Fallen Timbers.ANSWER: Treaty of Fort Wayne[10] This soldier was credited with killing Tecumseh at the Battle of the Thames. This politician was later elected Vice President to Martin Van Buren largely on the strength of that fame.ANSWER: Richard Mentor Johnson<The above question is for the category History American (pre-1865) and was written by Nitin Rao>

20. The Jaynes–Cummings model can predict this effect. For 10 points each:[10] Name this behavior in two-level quantum systems in which the transition probability between two states per unit time is non-constant for an oscillatory perturbation. ANSWER: Rabi (RAH-bee) cycle [or Rabi oscillation][10] The Rabi cycle cannot be predicted by Fermi’s golden rule because the final quantum states have this characteristic. Eigenstates with this characteristic are not continuous.ANSWER: discrete[10] This phenomenon can be explained as a Rabi oscillation between excited state and ground state caused by vacuum fluctuation. The Purcell effect describes changes in rates of this process in resonant cavities.ANSWER: spontaneous emission [prompt on light emission; do not accept or prompt on “stimulated emission”]<The above question is for the category Science Physics and was written by Paul Lee>

Extra. This action is performed by the companion of Dr. Messinger after Messinger falls over a waterfall. For 10 points each:[10] Name this action repeatedly performed by a man in the house of Mr. Todd. Todd drugs a man who performs this action and sends his watch back to England so that he will have to perform this action into perpetuity.ANSWER: reading Dickens [or equivalents such as reading aloud the novels of Charles Dickens][10] Tony Last is forced to read Dickens in a remote village in South America at the end of this novel, meaning that Tony’s ancestral home of Hetton will be inherited by his cousins.ANSWER: A Handful of Dust[10] This author of Brideshead Revisited wrote A Handful of Dust.ANSWER: Evelyn Waugh (wah)<The above question is for the category Literature British Non-Shakespeare and was written by Kurtis Droge>


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