Origin of the atmosphere
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![Page 1: Origin of the atmosphere](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56812eae550346895d9452b9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Origin of the atmosphere
Neil Savio Dsouza
![Page 2: Origin of the atmosphere](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56812eae550346895d9452b9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The billion-eurold questions
1. Why does Earth have an atmosphere?2. What was the early atmosphere like? Why?3. How did our present atmosphere come about?
April 19, 2023 2Bremen University
![Page 3: Origin of the atmosphere](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56812eae550346895d9452b9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
1. Why does Earth have an atmosphere?
• Enough gravity [ radius, density ]
• The right temperature [ thermal velocity, states ]
• The right raw-materials [ stability ]
• Sources of gasses > Sinks
Sources Sinks
Volcanism, meteorite showers, chemical reactions, state changes
Thermal escape, solar wind, chemical reactions, state changes
April 19, 2023 3Bremen University
![Page 4: Origin of the atmosphere](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56812eae550346895d9452b9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Lecture material, Atmospheric Physics, 2003, PEP
April 19, 2023 4Bremen University
![Page 5: Origin of the atmosphere](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56812eae550346895d9452b9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
1. Why does Earth have an atmosphere?
• Enough gravity [ radius, density ]
• The right temperature [ thermal velocity, states ]
• The right raw-materials [ stability ]
• Sources of gasses > Sinks
Sources Sinks
Volcanism, meteorite showers, chemical reactions, state changes
Thermal escape, solar wind, chemical reactions, state changes
April 19, 2023 5Bremen University
![Page 6: Origin of the atmosphere](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56812eae550346895d9452b9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
What was the early atmosphere like?
• The first atmosphere Components*: H2 & He
Sources: Space debrisSinks: Thermal escape, Solar wind
Lost to space
April 19, 2023 6Bremen University
![Page 7: Origin of the atmosphere](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56812eae550346895d9452b9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
What was the early atmosphere like?
• The second atmosphereComponents: H2O, CO2, SO2, CO, S2, N2, H2, NH3,,CH4, O2*
Sources: Volcanism, photolysis, meteoritesSinks: chemical reactions(CO2,O2), state changes(H2O)
Magnetosphere develops*
April 19, 2023 7Bremen University
![Page 8: Origin of the atmosphere](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56812eae550346895d9452b9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
April 19, 2023 Bremen University 8
http://www.multinet.no/~trojen/australia/pages/australia%20-%20limestones%202.htm
![Page 9: Origin of the atmosphere](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56812eae550346895d9452b9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
What was the early atmosphere like?
• The second atmosphereComponents: H2O, CO2, SO2, CO, S2, N2, H2, NH3,,CH4, O2*
Sources: Volcanism, photolysis, meteoritesSinks: chemical reactions(CO2,O2), state changes(H2O)
Magnetosphere develops*
April 19, 2023 9Bremen University
![Page 10: Origin of the atmosphere](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56812eae550346895d9452b9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
April 19, 2023 Bremen University 10
http://scijinks.jpl.nasa.gov/en/educators/gallery/spaceweather/solar_wind_comp_L.jpg
![Page 11: Origin of the atmosphere](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56812eae550346895d9452b9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
How did our present atmosphere come about?
April 19, 2023 11Bremen University
![Page 12: Origin of the atmosphere](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56812eae550346895d9452b9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
How did our present atmosphere come about?
April 19, 2023 12Bremen University
![Page 13: Origin of the atmosphere](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56812eae550346895d9452b9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
April 19, 2023 Bremen University 13
http://www.ggl.ulaval.ca/personnel/bourque/s4/stromatolites.html
![Page 14: Origin of the atmosphere](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56812eae550346895d9452b9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
How did our present atmosphere come about?
April 19, 2023 14Bremen University
![Page 15: Origin of the atmosphere](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56812eae550346895d9452b9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
How did our present atmosphere come about?
• Growth of oxygen
Lecture material, Atmospheric Physics, 2003, PEP
April 19, 2023 15Bremen University
![Page 16: Origin of the atmosphere](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56812eae550346895d9452b9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Summary
• Earth retained an atmosphere because it had optimal gravity and temperature to sustain one.
• Lithosphere, Hydrosphere and biosphere together have contributed to out present atmosphere
• Interactions between them must be considered to fully understand the state of our atmosphere at any time.
April 19, 2023 Bremen University 16