OPS Forum Exomars 04.04.2008

1ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008

ExoMarsEurope’s Exobiology Lab on MarsThe Most Ambitious ESA Mission Ever

Michael KhanOPS-GFA Mission Analysis SectionFriday, April 4, 2008OPS-G-Forum


Mars – Our Neighbour Planet


Spirit und OpportunityThe History of Water on Mars


The History of Water on Mars


Previous Mars Missions: Viking

• The first really successful Mars mission

• Two orbiters, two landers

• Arrival 1976, last data received: 1982

• Launch mass 2325 kg each, lander mass 576 kg each

• Viking 1 lander: Chryse, Viking 2 lander: Utopia

Source: NASA


Spirit und OpportunityViking Landing Sites: Utopia und Chryse

7ExoMars – OPS-G-Forum, April 4, 2008Source: NASA


Viking 2-Landestelle

Source: NASA


Spirit und OpportunityESA’s First Mars Orbiter: Mars Express

Source: ESA


MEX-HRSC: Ice Crater in Far North

Source: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin


MEX-HRSC: Reull Vallis



MEX-HRSC: Presumed Elysium Pack Ice



MEX-HRSC: Hourglass Crater



MEX-HRSC: Eos Vallis



Spirit und OpportunityMEX-PSF: Water Vapour, Methane (and Formaldehyde)


Surface and Subsurface Composition

Source: ESA


MEX-Omega: Phyllosilicate Deposits

Source: ESA/IAS


MER: Spirit and Opportunity

Source: NASA/JPL


Spirit und OpportunityDie Entdeckungen der Rover

Source: NASA/JPL


Spirit und Opportunity

Source: NASA/JPL


NASA Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

Source: NASA/JPL


Landing in May 2008: Phoenix (NASA)

Source: NASA/JPL


MSL - Coming Soon to a Planet near Yours!

Source: NASA/JPL


Mars Science Laboratory

Source: NASA/JPL


Where Do We Stand?

• Evidence that Mars surface was extensively covered by water over long periods

• Evidence of sedimentary surface deposits• Extensive ice deposits on and below the

surface• Subsurface liquid water not yet found• Local concentrations of methane and its

decay products coincide with water vapour in atmosphere


ExoMars Mission Objectives

• Demonstration of European capabilities to target, safely land and operate a spacecraft on the Martian surface

• Search for traces of extant or fossil life on and below the Martian surface by means of a mobile laboratory

• Characterize the geochemical conditions, especially regarding subsurface water

• Improve understanding of Mars environment in preparation of future missions


Environmental Challenges

• Cold• Thin atmosphere• Dust storms• Radiation


A Global Dust Storm


The 2001 Event


The 2007 Event


Global Dust Storm Season

Exclusion zone assumed for ExoMars


Technical Challenges

• Precise targeting• Semi-soft landing• Use of vented airbags – a first on Mars• Significant rover autonomy• Deep drill• Extensive science program


Possible Target Site: Mawrth Vallis (25N, 20E)

Source: Google Mars


Possible Target Site: Meridiani Terra (5S, 0E)

Source: Google Mars


Possible Target Site: Jezero Crater (19N, 78E)

Source: Google Mars


ExoMars Mission OutlineNov./Dec. 2013

Launch with Ariane 5

Mars Transfer

October 2014Mars Orbit Insertion

10 Month Wait in Mars Orbit

September 2015Landing on Mars!

Large Deep Space

Manoeuvre


2013 Transfer: Baseline


2016 Transfer: Backup


Mars Orbit Phase

• Wait in eccentric orbit (500 x 96,000 km) until:– Global dust storms season is over– Superior conjunction is over– Late spring in northern hemisphere,

atmosphere warms up• Total waiting time around 10 months• Eclipse avoidance necessary


Deployment and Landing!

• Landing site selected prior to Mars arrival• Landing shall take place

– In morning, with sufficient sunlight– With the Earth sufficiently high over the horizon

• Descent module entry, descent and landing with parachute, rocket stage and vented airbag

• Rover egresses from landing stages• 180-sol rover mission begins • Humboldt payload is deployed


Descent and Landing Timeline


Rover Egress


Spacecraft Layout

• The mission comprises several spacecraft– Carrier module– Descent module– Rover (with “Pasteur” payload)– Geophysical and environmental science

package “Humboldt”, deployed from the lander


Carrier and Descent Module

Source: Thales Alenia Space


Lander Module in Touchdown Configuration



Touchdown using a Vented Airbag

Source: Thales Alenia Space Italia / Aerosekur


Touchdown using a Vented Airbag

Source: Thales Alenia Space/Aerosekur


Lander Module Pre-Touchdown



The ExoMars Rover



Some Rover Requirements

• Mass around 200 kg• Autonomous mobility: average 100 m/sol• Drill capability: 2 meters• Minimum surface mission: 180 sols


ExoMars: Scientific Instruments• Rover Instruments:

– Panoramic: Cameras, Radar, IR Mapper– Contact: Raman-LIBS External, Close-up

Imager, Mössbauer, IR Spectrometer– Analytical: Raman-LIBS Internal, Microscope,

XRD, MOMA, Urey• Humboldt Instruments:

– Geophysics and Environment: Seismometer, electric properties, meteorology, ground-penetrating radar, physical properties, radiation, radio science, dust, humidity, UV, magnetometer


The ExoMars Rover



ExoMars Rover Components: Drill



ExoMars Rover Components: Mast



ExoMars Rover Components: Arm



Analytical Experiment Package



Finding Life … How?


ExoMars Measurement Cycle



ExoMars Timeline OverviewMOI


Spirit und OpportunityBlues for a Blue Planet

Source: NASA/JPL


mars.esa.intwww.esa.int/aurora [email protected]

Go ExoMars!

OPS Forum Exomars 04.04.2008

Technology

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