Off Job Safety_English

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Off-Job Safety Booklet

L o s s P r e v e n t i o n D e p a r t m e n t

Copyright 2008, Saudi Aramco. All rights reserved.


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Contents

1

7


1. Home Safety Checklist

2. Slips, Trips, and Falls at Home

3. Fire Safety

4. Electrical Safety

5. Accidental Poisoning

6. Food Safety

7. Choking

8. Drowning

9. Playground Safety

10. Toy Safety

11. Sports Safety

12. Sun Protection

13. Water Safety

14. Traffic Safety

15. First Aid Basics

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14

16

19

21

23

25

30

32

34

41

45

51


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1

HomeSafetyChecklist

Complete the following checklist at minimum twice a yearto help you identify the hazards in your home. Read eachquestion carefully and then mark your answers. You should

answer YES to aII 10 questions for each room. If you cant your

home contains some unnecessary hazards. Start correcting them

immediately.

Living room, family room, and bedroom

1. Are heavy traffic areas well-lit and are there

night-lights in the bedrooms of children and seniors?

2. Are traffic areas and exits free of furniture,

obstructions, and other tripping hazards?

3. Is a lamp within easy reach of each bed?

4. Do area rugs have nonskid backings?

5. Have you removed all area rugs at the top of stairs?

6. Are electrical wall outlets for lamps and appliances

plentiful?

7. Do you use large, deep ashtrays and never smoke in

bed or when you are drowsy?

8. Are furnishings, drapes and other combustible

materials positioned safely away from open flames and

other heat sources?

9. Are smoke detectors or similar devices in place to alert

occupants in case of fire and do you have a family fireescape plan?

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10. Are all glass doors taped or otherwise made obvious?

Stairways

1. Are stairs well-lit at the top and bottom?

2. Are handrails for outside steps and inside stairways

sturdy?

3. Are there sturdy banisters on open stairs, stairwells

and balconies?

4. Do you avoid using stairways as temporary storageareas?

5. Are childrens toys kept off the stairs?

6. Are children prohibited from using the stairway as a

play area?

7. Are treads, nosings (the front of the stair tread) and

carpeting in good repair?

8. Are carpets on the stairway, as well as at the top and

bottom of the stairs, securely anchored?

9. Do you always maintain an unobstructed view when

using the stairs?

10. Are all stairway lights in working order?

Kitchen

1. Are your stove and sink areas well-lit?

2. Do you wipe up spills immediately?

3. Is your kitchen adequately wired to safely operate

electrical appliances, and do you dry your hands

before using an electrical appliance?

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4. Do you keep pot handles away from the stove front

and other burners, and do you use pot holders,

always making sure they are dry?

5. Do you use a stool or stepladder when reaching into

high cupboards?

6. Do you store sharp knives in a special rack,

compartment, or tray?

7. Do you keep household cleaners, disinfectants, and

insecticides in their original containers, separate from

food and out of the reach of children?

8. Are emergency phone numbers (security, fire, doctor,

utilities, veterinarian) posted near the phone?

9. Do you avoid wearing loose, flowing clothes around

heat sources?

10. Do you know never to pour water on a grease fire?

Bathroom

1. Do bathtubs and showers have nonskid mats, decals,

or textured surfaces?

2. Do you ensure that electrical appliances are never

used in or near the bathtub?

3. Do you replace cracked or frayed electrical appliances

and extension cords?

4. Are medicines clearly labeled and do you always read

the label before taking any medication?

5. Are medicines, cosmetics, and other personal

hygiene products stored safely out of the reach of

children?

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6. Are night-lights located in bathrooms used by

children and seniors?

7. Do you always supervise small children when theyare bathing?

8. Do you avoid using aerosols near open flames or

when smoking?

9. Do you keep towels and shower curtains safely away

from heaters?

10. Do you store razors, scissors, and other sharp

objects safely out of the reach of small children?

Utility room

1. Do you know where your main gas and water valves

are located and how to close them?

2. Are gas and water lines tagged so they can be

identified quickly and easily?

3. Do you know how to light the pilot light on a gas

stove or water heater?

4. Do you know where your main electrical switch is

and how to turn it off?

5. Are fuses or circuit breakers labeled to identify the

outlets and fixtures they protect?

6. Can you determine what caused a fuse to blow

before replacing it and do you keep extra fuses on

hand?

7. Are electrical appliances properly grounded?

8. Are cleaning fluids, drain openers, ammonia, and

similar items stored out of the reach of children?

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9. Do you discard trash properly?

10. Do you store combustible chemicals and materials

away from heat sources?

Workshop, garage, and driveway

1. Is your workshop well-ventilated and are work areas

well-lit?

2. Do you always use the proper tool for the job and

promptly discard and replace broken or badly worntools?

3. Do you keep tools out of the reach of small

children?

4. Are extension cords appropriate for the wattage

of the tool for which they are intended?

5. Are tools properly grounded and are they

disconnected or switches locked when not in use?

6. Do you wear safety glasses when drilling, sanding,

or performing other eye-threatening work?

7. Is your garage well-lit and switches located at the

doors?

8. Is your garage in order, with tools in place and

flammable liquids stored in safety cans?

9. Do you keep the garage door open when running

the car engine?

10. Do you check the area around the car before

backing up?

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Outside

1. Are garden tools returned to their storage racks

after use?

2. Do you get help when performing heavy lifting or

difficult jobs?

3. Are broken walkways and driveways repaired

promptly?

4. Do you keep children and pets at a safe distance

when you mow the lawn?

5. Do you shut off the mower when cleaning,

adjusting, or emptying the grass catcher?

6. Do you refuel your lawn mower when the motor

is cold?

7. Do you maintain your ladders by replacing loose

rungs, worn ladder shoes, and frayed ropes on

extension ladders and do you store ladders out of

the reach of children?

8. Are childrens swings, slides, and other outdoor

play toys maintained in safe condition?

9. Is your yard free of broken glass, nail-studded

boards, and other litter?

10. Do you use extra care when installing window

screens using a ladder, especially in windy

weather?

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Make aliving roomlivable

Place throw rugs over rug-liners or choose rugs with nonskid

backs to reduce the chance of slipping.

Avoid placing shag rugs, as they can cause falls by getting caught

on shoes.

Arrange furniture so that they provide open pathways, clear of

obstructions.

Avoid having glass tables, which can be especially dangerous

should you trip and fall into one. Instead, choose sturdy woodentables with rounded corners.

Slips, Trips, and Falls

Home

Start at the front door

Make sure that theres a contrast in

color and texture of flooring to help

accentuate height.

Every year, slips, trips, and fallsresult in many off-job injuries;some of these injuries can be

serious enough to land you in the

emergency room.

at

Prevent slips, trips, and falls by identifying and correcting the

hazards associated with these incidents.

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Keep your living room floor tidy

from things you can trip over like

toys, tools, or books.

Secure all telephone and electrical

cords out of walkways.

Step in and out of bathroomssafely

Install handrails near your bath, shower, and toilet.

Use nonslip mats in the bathroom; a bathmat on the floor, and anappropriate mat or adhesive safety strips or decals in the bathtub

or shower.

Always keep your bathroom floor clean and dry by wiping up wet

floors immediately.

Use a soap dish to keep soap and other items off the bathtub or

shower floor.

Remove soap buildup regularly from bathtubs or showers to

prevent slipping.

Keep thekitchensafe forcooking

Wipe up spills immediately.

Always use appropriate

stepladders or stools when

reaching items stored in high

cabinets or on high shelves.

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Going up or down thestairssafely

Keep staircases well-lit with light

switches installed at the top and the

bottom.

Ensure that handrails are installed on

all stairways and steps.

Install safety gates at the top and bottom of the stairs if you have

small children.

Keep stairways clear of clutter and never use the stairs as

temporary storage or for displaying decorative items.

Avoid placing throw rugs at the top, bottom, or on the staircase.

Make sure all rugs have skid-resistant backing and the edges are

held down with carpet tape.

Check your stairs regularly for worn or loose carpeting or

protruding carpet tacks, and to ensure that all steps are in good

condition.

Install antislip tread if your steps have a smooth surface, to

provide safer traction.

Always hold onto handrails when going up or down the stairs.

Avoid carrying vision blocking loads. Carry a small enough load

so you can see where you are stepping and to easily keep one

hand free to hold onto the handrail.

Always remember to go slow rushing or running on stairs is

asking for a fall.

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Usingladders safely

Only use a ladder that is in

good condition. If your ladderhas any defects, have it fixed or

replaced immediately.

Set a straight or extension

ladder at a 4:1 slope (i.e., for

every 4 m height, set the ladder

at a 1 m distance from the

structure) and ensure it is stablebefore climbing up.

Set the ladder up on a firm, level footing. Have three points of

contact on the ladder two hands and one foot, or two feet

and one hand while climbing; and two feet and one hand while

working. Ask someone to hold the ladder steady.

Avoid overreaching. Use a ladder appropriate for the height you

are trying to reach.

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Fire poses a serious threat to everyone in your home. These

basic preventive measures can help you minimize the risk of fire

and related injuries:

FireSafety

Ensure the electrical wiring in

your home is installed properly

and in good condition.

Never overload electrical

circuits. Be cautious when using

extension cords and multiple

sockets.

Frequently examine electric

heaters, cooking equipment,

and other appliances to ensurethat they are in good operating

condition. Replace frayed cords

and broken or loose plugs.

Store oily cloths safely away from heat sources in closed metal

containers. Discard trash promptly.

Store flammable liquids in containers

specifically designed and approved for

this use. Keep containers safely away

from heat sources.

Keep appropriate fire extinguishers in

your home and know how to use them

properly.

Install smoke detectors on every floor of your home, especiallyoutside bedrooms, and make sure theyre properly maintained.

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Never smoke in bed! Its the number one cause of fire-related

fatalities. Make sure that ashtrays are large and deep, and that

cigarette butts are fully extinguished.

Develop an escape plan in case you have to evacuate the house in

a fire, and make sure that every family member knows the proper

evacuation procedures. Designate a meeting place outside so

that you can easily determine if all your family members escaped

safely. Remind family members to never go back inside a burning

building no matter what.

If you live in a multi-story house, make sure theres an escaperoute out of upstairs windows.

Post the phone number of the local fire department near all

telephones in your home and make sure that every member of the

family knows how to report a fire.

Kitchen fire

Kitchen or grease fires are a leading cause of home fires. Take these

steps to avoid them:

Never leave cooking unattended.

Keep appliances clean.

Wear close-fitting clothing when youre cooking.

Heat oil slowly prefer to use temperature-controlled frying

pans.

Turn pot handles in.

Dont overload electrical outlets.

Only use microwave safe utensils and cookware in microwave

ovens.

Keep combustibles away from the stove.

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Despite your best safetyefforts, a fire in yourkitchenmay still start. If so, follow

these actions to put it out:

Smother a grease fire never

put water on a cooking fire! If

a cooking pan catches fire, turn

off the burner, put on an oven

mitt, and slide an appropriate

size lid onto the pan. If food in the oven catches fire, keep the

door shut and turn the oven off. If the fire doesnt go out, callthe fire department.

Keep the microwave door shut if a fire starts in your

microwave, keep the door shut and turn off the appliance, then

unplug it. If you open the door, you will feed oxygen to the fire,

making it burn more.

Use a fire extinguisher if necessary make sure you know

how to use it before a fire starts. A multipurpose class A:B:C

extinguisher is best for kitchen use.

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ElectricalSafety

Electricity is an essential part of our daily life. Its socommonplace that at times we forget the different hazardsthat it can cause. Follow these simple rules to ensure electrical

safety at home:

Never force a plug into an outlet if

it doesnt fit properly.

Put safety covers on all unused

outlets accessible to children.

Dont plug too many extension or

appliance cords into one outlet.

Make sure outlets dont have

loose-fitting plugs, which can

overheat and cause a fire.

Make sure wall plates are on every

outlet and are in good condition.

Make sure that outlets and switch plates are not hot to touch.

Dont nail or staple cords to the wall, baseboard, or any other

object.

Inspect electrical cords regularly to make sure theyre in good

condition.

Extension cords should only be used on a temporary basis, never

in place of permanent wiring.

Turn off electrical equipment before unplugging it; never use wet

hands to remove a plug.

Unplug electrical equipment by firmly grasping the plug itself,

never by pulling the cord.


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Never carry household appliances by the cord.

Keep all electrical appliances away from water.

Use the proper wattage and type of bulb for each light fixture andensure that the bulb is screwed in securely.

Install ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs) in wet locations or

near a water source (e.g., in the bathroom and kitchen). GFCIs are

used to help prevent shocks, burns, electrocutions, and fires by

automatically shutting off when the circuit is interrupted.

Make sure light fixtures (e.g., table or floor lamps) are offwhenever a room will remain unoccupied for an extended time

period.

Make sure space heaters are positioned at least 1 m away from

combustible materials, such as bedding, clothing, curtains, and

rugs.

Make sure portable heaters are plugged directly into an outlet not

into an extension cord and are turned off and unplugged whennot in use.

For outdoor use, make sure extension cords are marked for

outdoor use and rated for the power needs of your tools.

Keep outdoor electrical outlets covered and dry.

Make sure electrical outlets around pools, ponds, and hot tubs are

equipped with GFCIs.

Know where underground electrical lines are located on your

property.


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AccidentalPoisoning

Each year many people are accidentally poisoned. The causes of

poisoning often vary according to age. Children younger than

6 years of age, for example, are at a greater risk of being poisoned

by household cleaners or products because they are curious and like

to put things in their mouths. Older adults who take medication are

poisoned by taking too much of a medication, the wrong kind, or

a mixture of medication. Here are ways to help poison-proof yourhome room by room.

Bathroom

Place all medication inside childproof

cabinets that lock.

Keep cosmetics and other bathroom

products, such as mouthwash, awayfrom childrens reach.

Use child-resistant caps and keep

medication lids tightly closed.

Never take medication in front of a

child or refer to it as candy. Children

often mimic adult actions. Always follow the doctors

recommended dosage or the dosage

on the label.

Never give medication to your child in the dark; you may give the

wrong dosage or even the wrong medication.

Keep medicines in their original containers to prevent the wrongmedication being taken by mistake.


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Discard old and outdated

medicines by flushing them

down the toilet.

Bedroom

Keep personal care items, such as hair sprays, perfume, and nail

polish removers, away from childrens reach.

Keep mothballs and crystals in child-resistant containers.

Only allow children to use toys and art supplies that are nontoxic

and lead free.

Living room

Visitors may carry medications in coat pockets, jackets, and

purses; make sure to hang garments and store purses out of

childrens reach.

Make sure items used in your home are lead free.

Know the properties of all indoor and outdoor plants. Remove any

poisonous plants from your home and garden.

Kitchen

Never store cleaning products and food in the same area.

Store cleaning products in locked cabinets away from the sight

and reach of children.

Keep all cleaning products in their original containers.

Never remove product labels. They contain important safety and

emergency information.

Never leave opened cleaning products unattended.

Always return a product to its proper storing place after use and

make sure that you close it properly.

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Garage

Store all hazardous products, such as pesticides, lawn chemicals,

paint and paint thinners, and automotive products, on highshelves or locked cabinets away from childrens reach.

Keepingseniorssafe from

poisoning

Make sure that the older

members of your family

always turn on the lightwhen taking medication at

night and double-check the

doctors instructions for the

appropriate dosage.

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FoodSafety

The potential for bacterial contamination is what makes eatingout in restaurants a safety concern. Food can be contaminatedwith harmful bacteria if it has contact with:

Pests (flies, rats, etc.).

People with poor hygiene.

Contaminated tools (e.g., when

the same cutting board is used

for both raw and cooked food

without being thoroughly

washed in between).

Foods that are contaminated (e.g., when juice from thawing

chicken drips onto salad greens).

Food thats not kept at the right temperature (e.g., food that has

been left at room temperature for more than two hours).

Here are some things to look for when choosingwhere to eat out or buy ready-made food.

Danger signs Dirty public areas such as dirty toilets and bathrooms. If the areas

you can see are not clean and managed well, imagine the state of

the areas you cannot see.

Dirty tables, crockery, cutlery, and glassware.

Staff with dirty hands or fingernails, dirty aprons, or dirty hair that

is not tied back.

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Overflowing trash bins or bags full of trash outside the premises

that can attract pests and flies.

Hair, insects, or other foreign objects in food.

Good signs

Food that is very hot when served. Cold foods, such as salads, that

are properly cold when served.

In open buffet, a fresh batch of food is brought out when a batch

is finished (an old batch of food should never be topped up with a

fresh one).

Self-service fridges are properly cold.

Staff hygiene training certificates posted on the walls or food

safety instructions posted in food preparation areas.

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Choking

Worldwide, thousands of children die of choking-relateddeaths every year. These tragic deaths are often the resultof improper adult supervision. The best way to avoid choking is by

applying preventive measures.

Beawareof toys

Pay close attention to the

age recommendations on the

package.

Never let younger children play

with toys designated for older

children.

Teach older children to put their toys away and out of the reach ofyounger children.

Make frequent checks around the house to make sure that toys

are safely put away. Remember to check under furniture and

between cushions.

Never give a small child a small toy, including toys small enough

to fit through a 3 cm circle, toys that are smaller than 6 cm long,small toy cars with removable rubber wheels, marbles, and small

balls.

Otherdangerousitems

Keep coins, batteries, pens and caps, nails, rings, and other round

objects that can fit into a childs mouth out of childrens reach.

Never leave uninflated or inflated balloons where children can getto them.

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Keep floors, tables, and cabinet tops free of small objects that

could be swallowed.

When visiting family and

friends, inspect and remove

choking hazards before

allowing your child to

wander around.

Servesafe food

Insist your child sits down when eating, preferably at the table. Encourage your child to eat slowly and chew his/her food well.

Never feed your child in a moving vehicle and dont let a child

suck on candies or eat food while lying down.

When serving hotdogs, slice each one down lengthwise and then

cut it into small pieces.

Cut meat into very small bite-size pieces.

Slice round fruit like grapes into quarters.

Cut raw vegetables into small pieces.

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Drowning

Drowning is a leading cause of death for children. A drowningcan happen very quickly and in very little water (3 to 5 cm).Here are some guidelines you can follow to prevent your children

from drowning at home:

Bathtubs

Never leave a baby alone

in the bathtub; always

keep the baby within

arms reach.

Dont leave a baby in the

care of another child.

Never leave your baby

unattended to answer

the phone, door, or for

any other reason not

even for a second. If you must leave, take the baby with you.

Dont rely on a bath seat as a substitute for proper supervision; its

only a bathing aid, not a safety device.

Never use a baby bath seat in a nonskid, slip resistant bathtub

as the suction cups will not adhere to the bathtub surface or can

detach unexpectedly.

Make sure to always drain the bathtub from water after each use.

Children can drown in very little water.

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Toilets

Keep the toilet lid down and consider using a toilet latch to stop

young children from opening the lid. Better yet, keep bathroom

doors closed.

Buckets

Never leave a bucket containing

even a small amount of liquidunattended. When you have

finished using a bucket, empty it

immediately.

Store buckets where children

cannot reach them.

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PlaygroundSafety

Playing at playgrounds promotes the healthy developmentof children and gives them the opportunity to run, climb,and explore with other children. However, many children visit

the emergency room every year because of playground-related

injuries. Here are some steps to help ensure childrens safety at

playgrounds.

Stop horseplay and equipment misuse immediately.

Softsurfaces

The fall zone (the area under and around the equipment where

a child falling from the equipment would land) should extend at

least 2 m in all directions from the edge of the equipment.

The fall zone surface should be free of standing water, debris, and

sharp objects.

The fall zone should be filled with loose-fill material that cushions

falls, such as sand and wood chips. Concrete, asphalt, and grassare too hard to cushion falls.

Playground supervision

Constantly supervise your child

at play.

Make sure that your child plays

on age-appropriate equipment.

Give on-the-scene instructionsfor safe play and then reinforce

the instructions during

playtime.

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Safe equipment

Swings

They should be equipped with soft plastic seats, not metal

or wooden ones. Metal seats can get too hot in the summer

causing burns, while wooden seats can have splinters or sharp

components that can injure.

Swings should be set far enough away from other equipment to

prevent hitting children.

Each swing should support amaximum of two seats spaced at

least 60 cm apart.

Younger children should only

use full-bucket seats; half-bucket

seats are dangerous for babies

and toddlers because their small

bodies can slide out of them.

Slides

Slides should be well anchored

and have firm handrails and good

traction on the steps.

Each slide should have a bar at

the top to ensure that children sitbefore they go down.

No gaps should appear between

the slide itself and the platform.

Children should not wear clothing with drawstrings, which can

get caught on slide parts.

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Seesaws

Dont allow children to use

adjustable seesaws with chainsbecause they can crush their hands

under the chain.

Allow children to only use seesaws

that have a tire or some other

object under the seat to keep it

from hitting the ground.

Climbing equipment

Children younger than 4 years should not be allowed to use

climbing equipment or horizontal ladders.

Steps and handrails should be in good condition and guardrails or

barriers should surround raised platforms.

Climbing ropes should be secured both at the top and bottom.

Special playground safetytips

Inspect openings that can trap children (in guardrails or between

ladder rungs) to make sure theyre less than 9 cm or more than23 cm apart.

Make sure that guardrails surround all elevated platforms and are

at least 78 cm high.

Remove exposed concrete footings, tree roots, or rocks that could

trip children.

Make sure that there are no sharp edges and dangerous

hardware, like hooks and protruding bolts.

Limit the number of children on each piece of equipment.

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Safeplaying rules

To avoid injuries that can result from unsafe behaviors, parents

must instruct and enforce these safe play rules.

Swinging

Always sit in the center of the swing; never stand or kneel.

Hold on with both hands.

Stop the swing before getting off.

Walk around the swing, but not tooclose to the front or the back.

Never allow a child to push another

child on the swing.

Only one person per swing.

Never swing empty swings; never

twist chains.

Never put head and/or feet through exercise rings on the swing

sets.

Sliding

Hold on with both hands as you go up

and down the steps; take one step at a

time.

Never go up the sliding surface or the

frame.

Keep at least one arms length from other

children.

Slide down one child at a time, with feet

first and always sitting up.

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Make sure no one is in front of the slide before sliding down.

Wait your turn patiently, avoid pushing or shoving.

Leave the bottom of the slide after you have taken your turn.

Climbing

Use both hands.

Be careful when climbing down and watch out for others climbing

up.

Avoid using the climbing equipment where there are too many

children.

Start all from the same end of the equipment and move in the

same direction.

Stay well behind the person in front and watch out for swinging

feet.

Never use the climbing equipment when it is wet.

Avoid speed contests or trying to cover too large a distance in one

move.

Drop from the bars with knees slightly bent and land on both feet.

Seesawing

Sit facing each other, not leaning back.

Keep a firm hold with both hands.

Never stand or run on the board.

Keep feet out from underneath the

board as it descends.

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ToySafety

Playing with toys is an essential part of every childs life.Unfortunately, some toys can be dangerous for children. Poorlyconstructed toys or toys that are inappropriate for a childs age and

maturity level can lead to injuries and even death. (Information on

how to prevent choking on toys can be found on page 21.)

Look for good design and

quality construction in the toy

you buy.

Choose a toy that is appropriate

for your childs age and

maturity level and that is lead

free.

Carefully inspect the toy before purchasing it. Make sure that

all toy parts are properly secured so no part can accidentally be

swallowed. Avoid toys that have small, removable parts that can

be swallowed.

Consider the noise level of the toy. Some toys, such as pop guns,

can produce noise levels that can damage hearing.

Before letting your child play with the new toy, discard all

accompanying plastic wrappers or bags. These pose a risk for

suffocation if children place them over their head.

Check toys regularly to ensure that they are not damaged or pose

hazards. Throw away broken toys.

Store toys in open, plastic crates or on low shelving units easily

accessible to children.

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Toys that are used

outside should be stored

properly when children

finish playing with them.A previously safe toy

can become dangerous

if damaged or rusted by

prolonged exposure to

moisture.

31

Always supervise your child at all times even when he/she is

playing with a toy that is recommended for his/her age group.


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SportsSafety

Getting plenty of physical activity by being involved in sportsis important for childrens developing bodies and minds.Parents can take steps to help ensure that their children avoid

sport-related injuries.

Useproper protectiveequipment

Your child should wear properly fitting,

appropriate protective equipment and

safety gear designed for his/her sport.

Choose protective equipment that has

been approved by a recognized authority

such as the U.S. Consumer Product Safety

Commission.

Keep all equipment properly maintained

to ensure its effectiveness.

Play only inappropriate and safeareas

Playing fields should be safe and well-maintained to avoid holes

and ruts that might cause injuries to kids from trips or falls. Each sport should be played

on the appropriate surface. For

example, high impact sports like

basketball must be played on

wooden basketball courts instead

of concrete and football must be

played on grass.

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Provideadequate adult supervision andcommitment

to safety

Select leagues and teams that value the importance of safety andinjury prevention during sports.

Choose coaches trained and certified in Basic Life Support (BLS)and First Aid.

Enroll your child in a team with a coach who enforces safe playingrules and requires the use of personal protective equipment.

Ensure properpreparationfor theactivity

Make sure that children are matched in teams and types of sportsaccording to their skill level, size, and physical and emotional

maturity.

Make sure your child is adequately prepared for the sport withwarm-up exercises and training sessions before participating in

actual competitive games.

Make sure your child drinks plenty of fluids before and after theactivity.

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Ensureafter-the-game precautions

Cool down. Cooling down exercises will helploosen the bodys muscles that have tightened

during sports.

Injuries heal completely. If your child getsinjured during a game, minimize long-term

damage by allowing the affected area to heal

completely before participating in the sport again.

Dont rush. Its important for your child to ease back into aroutine if he/she has been inactive for a long period of time.

For example, after a long summer break, children should beginphysical activity before their sport officially begins.


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SunProtection

Staying cool in Saudi Arabia is more than a matter of comfort;its also a safety concern. Every year, high temperatures putpeople at risk for heat-related illnesses.

Protecting babiesfrom the

heat

Babies need special care duringhot weather

A tepid bath can help keep your

baby cool on a very hot day. The

water should be warm enough

to be comfortable; cool or cold

water should not be used.

Dress your baby in light, comfortable clothing such as a singlet

or diaper. Make sure, however, that their bodies are completely

covered if out in the sun.

Make sure that the room

temperature is comfortable but not

too cold if the air conditioning is

on. Avoid traveling with your baby in a

vehicle in hot weather, if possible.

If you must, travel early in the

day or in the evening. Babies can

overheat quickly in cars so keep

them in the shade as much as possible. Remember that babies

skin can burn by sunlight passing through car windows. Never

leave a baby alone in a car.

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Prickly heat

Prickly heat is a rash of tiny red pin-head spots and tiny blisters that

commonly occurs on parts of the skin that remain moist, such as thebabys diaper area or under the chin. Protect your babys skin from

prickly heat by:

Keeping the babys skin dry. For example, remove the babys

diaper from time to time to allow the skin to dry.

Applying creams, such as zinc and cod-liver oil, on the affected

area of the babys skin.

Changing the babys clothes more often and giving tepid baths.

Babies and the sun

A babys skin is thin and has not yet developed the natural protection

needed from the sun, making it more susceptible to burns and sun

damage. For protection from the sun:

Keep your baby in the shade as much as possible.

Cover your babys body, arms, and legs with clothing, and his/her

head with a wide-brimmed hat.

Apply to your babys skin sunscreen made for babies or toddlers,

with sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 15.

Dehydration

If babies dont get enough to drink or they lose a lot of fluid through

diarrhea, vomiting, or sweating, they can become dehydrated. To

prevent dehydration:

Provide breastfed babies with extra breast milk to meet their fluid

needs.

Provide bottle-fed babies with extra drinks of cool, boiled water.

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Symptoms of dehydration in babies

Appearing unwell.

More irritable than usual.

Weight loss.

Dried skin.

Sunken fontanel.

Fewer wet diapers than usual.

Most babies can recover from minor dehydration with extra fluids. Seekimmediate medical assistance if you suspect that your baby is seriously

dehydrated.

Heat stroke

Heat stroke, a serious or fatal condition,

occurs when too much water is lost and

the babys or childs temperature starts to

rise.

Symptoms of heat stroke in babies or

children

Rising body temperature.

Smaller amounts of urine than usual; dark colored urine.

Increased thirst with decreased drinking as the baby gets weaker.

Dry mouth and eyes.

Headaches and muscle cramps.

Drowsiness and lethargy.

Confusion, shortness of breath, and vomiting.

Coma.

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What to do for heat stroke

If your baby or child has any of the signs of heat stroke, seek immediate

medical treatment. While waiting for medical help, you should keepyour child covered with cool, damp cloths. Keep trying to give your child

small amounts of fluids unless she/he is unconscious and unable to

swallow.

Protectingyourself fromtheheat

Causes of heat-related illnesses

Heat-related illnesses, ranging from mild heat rash to severe heat stroke,occur when your body cannot cool itself. As the air temperature rises,

your body stays cool by releasing fluid onto the skin. When sweating

isnt enough to cool your body, your body temperature rises and you

may become ill. Prevent heal-related illnesses by:

Scheduling outdoor activities for the cooler time of the day, before

10 a.m. and after 4 p.m.

Taking frequent breaks and

drinking water or other non-

caffeinated fluids every 15 to

20 minutes, even if you dont

feel thirsty during an outdoor

activity.

Wearing light-weight, light-

colored, loose-fitting clothing.

Protecting yourself from the sun by wearing a wide-brimmed hat

or using an umbrella. Dont forget to apply sunscreen.

Gradually exposing yourself to the hot weather so your body can

adapt to the heat.

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Heat rash

Also known as prickly heat, is a condition that occurs in hot, humid

environments.Symptoms of heat rash

Tiny blister spots on the skin.

Prickling sensation on the skin.

What to do to treat a heat rash

Clean skin.

Apply mild drying lotion.

Wear loose clothing.

Rest in a cool place, and allow your skin to dry.

Heat cramps

Heat cramps are painful muscle spasms that occur from drinking large

quantities of water without replacing lost body salt.

Symptoms of heat cramps

Painful spasms of leg, arm, or abdominal muscles.

Heavy sweating and thirst.

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What to do to treat heat cramps

Loosen clothing.

Drink lightly salted beverages

such as sport drinks.

Rest in a cool area.


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(104 F). At such high temperatures, vital organs are prone to damage

and failure.

Symptoms of heat stroke Blurred vision, dizziness, and nausea.

Hot, dry, spotted skin.

Mental confusion.

Delirium, generalized convulsion, loss of consciousness.

Respiratory and cardiac arrest.What to do to treat heat stroke

Call the emergency medical services (in Saudi Aramco

communities, dial 110; in the local communities, dial 997)

immediately.

Move the victim to a cool, shaded area.

Place wet sheets around the body or wrap ice in clean cloths andplace them on the victims wrist, ankles, and neck to cool the large

blood vessels.

Monitor his/her breathing and pulse if the victim is unconscious.

Perform Basic Life Support if the victim has no pulse and only if

youre trained to do so.

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WaterSafetyPoolsafety

Community pool safety rules

Follow these important safety rules

when visiting a community pool

Obey the instructions of the

lifeguard on duty.

Never leave a child unsupervised

near or inside the pool. Appoint

responsible and capable adults

as designated watchers who can take turns. Dont rely on older

siblings to provide adequate supervision.

Dont rely on lifeguards to supervise your children.

Obey the warning signs and notices around the pool.

Make sure children dont enter spas or hot tubs.

Teach your children good pool safety habits, such as no running,

dunking, pushing, or jumping on others.

Never assume your children cannot drown because they had

swimming lessons or are wearing flotation devices.

Dont consider air-filled devices and toys, such as water wings

or even approved flotation devices, as substitutes for adult

supervision.

Dont allow children to play as though they are drowning. A false

alarm may mask a real emergency and delay rescue.

Dont allow diving from the side of the pool unless the water is at

least 1.5 m deep.

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Never allow your children to

swim immediately after eating.

Make sure that you and yourchildren wear proper swimsuits.

Wearing loose clothing can

contribute to drowning.

Home pool safety rules

A swimming pool in the yard can be an invitation to a drowning incident

for young children. In addition to the community safety rules, pool

owners can take the following precautions to help make their home

pools less dangerous:

Never allow children near the pool

area without responsible adult

supervision.

Surround your pool with a fence or

barrier that is at least 1.7 m high andhas childproof gate latches. The latch

should be self-closing and placed

at the top of the gate so that its

inaccessible to children. Never leave a

gate to the pool area propped open.

Keep the area outside the fence free

of objects, such as chairs, tables, andbenches, that could help children

climb over the fence and gain access

to the pool.

Keep rescue equipment, such as a shepherds hook, by the pool.

Keep a telephone and emergency telephone numbers posted near

the pool.

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Teach your children how to swim.

Enroll them in swim classes when

theyre approximately 3 years of

age.

Caregivers and baby-sitters should

learn Basic Life Support.

Keep CD players, radios, and other

electrical equipment away from the

pool.

Wear proper swimming attire. Never wear long, loose-fitting

clothing, such as an abaya or thobe, in water. Swimming fully

clothed adds a lot of extra weight and can increase your chance of

drowning.

Always swim with a buddy; never swim alone.

Swim in supervised areas only.

Dont let children with loose, long hair near a pool outlet. Thesuction can cause hair or body entrapment and drowning. Make

sure that they tie their hair up or wear a bathing cap.

Keep kids out of the pool in a thunderstorm.

Beach safety

If youre planning a day at the beach,

follow the guidelines below to ensure

your own and your familys safety.

Learn to avoid drowning at the beach

by following these guidelines:

First and foremost you and your

family should learn how to swim.

Learning to swim is the best wayto stay safe in and around water.

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Pay attention to local weather conditions and forecasts. Stop

swimming at the first sign of bad weather and return to shore.

Always listen to the lifeguards advice and heed any warnings. Stay away from piers, pilings, and diving platforms when in the

water.

Watch for aquatic life. Water plants and animals can be

dangerous.

Dont try to swim against a current if caught in one. Swim

gradually out of the current by swimming across it.

Stay safe at the shore

Protect your skin. Limit the amount of direct sunlight you receive

between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., when the suns rays are the

strongest and always wear sunscreen with a sun protection factor

(SPF) of at least 15.

Drink plenty of water regularly and often, even if you dont feel

thirsty.

Wear eye protection. Choose

sunglasses that absorb at

least 90% of ultraviolet (UV)

sunlight.

Wear foot protection. Feet canget burned from the sand or

cut from broken glass hidden

beneath it.

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restrained, including children with age- and size-appropriate child

restraints. See the table below for the general guidelines.

While driving make sure that you

Keep constantly alert lookahead, in the mirrors, and

over your shoulders for blind

spots so youll have advance

warning of potentially dangerous

situations.

Watch the car ahead of you

and the car ahead of that one to give yourself extra time to

stop.

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Child Age

Birth to 9 or 12 months

1 year to 4 years

4 to 8 years

8 years and older

All children under age 10 or shorter than 1.45 m must be properly

restrained in the backseat.

Weight/Height

Up to 9 kg

9 kg to 18 kg

Over 18 kg or shorter

than 1.45 m

Over 36 kg and tallerthan 1.45 m

Child Restraint

Rear-Facing Baby Seat

Front-Facing Toddler Seat

Booster Seat

Regular Seat Belt

Obey all traffic rules and regulations, especially speed limits.

Never use a cell phone, eat, or drink.

Never be under the influence of medications, which can cause

impairment.


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Learn to anticipate potential hazards. For example, a defensive

driver expects the car following the bus to suddenly swerve

around it into his lane.

Use the horn whenever youre not sure another driver sees you.

At night, reduce your speed below the safe daytime speed.

Day or night reduce speed for hazardous conditions such as bad

or adverse weather, broken pavement, children playing, highway

construction, camel crossings, congested areas, and hills or curves

that limit vision.

If youre tired or drowsy, stop and rest.

Bicyclesafety

Bicycles are a wonderful source of exercise and fun but theyre not

without danger. Serious incidents have occurred from bicycle and vehicle

collisions. The following tips canhelp you prevent these types of

incidents:

Choose a bike that matches

your size and the kind of

riding you do. Consider the

bicycles weight, height, and

design.

Choose a bicycle with safety equipment such as a horn, a bell, a

light in front, and reflectors all around. Consider having a carrier

basket that can help you carry things while leaving both hands

free to control the bicycle.

Always wear a helmet. Buy a helmet that meets or exceeds

current international safety standards. Make sure that the helmet


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fits correctly: it should fit one or two fingers above the eyebrows;

and its straps, when strapped, should form a V under the

ears and should feel tight when opening the mouth as wide as

possible.

Repair the bicycles broken or worn parts immediately. Frequently

check to make sure that the

reflectors are clean and not

damaged, the saddle and

handlebars are tight and at the

right height, the tires are firm

with plenty of treads, the brakeswork properly, the wheels are not

wobbly, and the bicycles chain is

snug and not damaged.

Obey all traffic rules and regulations when youre riding your bike.

Remember that on a bicycle youre more vulnerable to incidents

than a driver inside the steel body of a vehicle.

Keep these additional tips in mind when riding your bicycle

Avoid busy streets whenever you can.

Keep your bicycle under control dont show off, weave, or race.

Ride with traffic, not against it. Ride as far to the right as possible.

Ride on the street and not the sidewalk, which is meant forpedestrians.

Watch for parked cars pulling out or car doors opening suddenly.

Travel in single file when riding with others and always allow one

full bike length between bicycles.

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Steer with both hands on the handlebars except to signal when

turning, stopping, or leaving the curb.

Dont ride double on a bicycle or carry an oversized package,either of which can block your vision and throw you off balance.

Come to a complete stop, look, and listen before entering a street

from a sidewalk, driveway, or alley. Drivers may not see you.

When riding at night, wear light-colored or reflective clothing.

Be prepared to brake at intersections; dont pump the pedals as

you approach. Get off and walk your bike across busy streets,staying well inside the white lines and crosswalk.

Pedestriansafety

Being a pedestrian in traffic puts you at risk. Children from 1 to 12 years

old are at risk when in traffic. It is your responsibility to teach them

how to stay safe. Demonstrate to your children the right way to be safepedestrians:

Never walk between parked cars, jaywalk, or cross against traffic

signals or lights.

Stay on the sidewalk. If there is no sidewalk, walk on the left

shoulder, as far to the left as possible, facing the direction of

traffic.

Before stepping off a curb, look left, right, and left again for

traffic. Look over your shoulders for vehicles. Make eye contact

with drivers. Just because you see a driver doesnt mean that the

driver sees you.

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Be alert for turning vehicles.

Never step out in front of a

turning vehicle. Drivers of

turning vehicles are typicallylooking for an opening in

traffic and may fail to notice

pedestrians.

Cross at intersections or

crosswalks, where possible.

Obey all traffic signals and

walk signs. Wait until all vehicles stop or clear the intersectionbefore stepping off the curb.

See and be seen. Never dart out into the street. Drivers need to

see you to avoid you. Make eye contact with the driver when

crossing busy streets. Always wear brightly colored or reflective

clothing. Consider carrying a flashlight when walking at night.

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Look for a cars reversing

lights when walking

in parking lots or past

driveways. A cars reverse

lights will indicate the

vehicles direction. Parking

lot incidents happen when

pedestrians dont see

vehicles that are backingout or drivers dont notice

pedestrians before putting

the car in reverse.


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Burns

First degree burns

Classified as minor, they are also

called superficial burns. This type of

burn affects the outer layer of the

skin, which becomes painful and

red in color. While this type of burn

generally heals well by itself, your

proper action can help the healing

process.

First Aid Basics

Treatment

Stop the burning process by cooling the area. Apply a cool, wet

cloth to the burn or immerse the burned area in cool not ice

water until the victim no longer feels the pain.

Dont apply ointments or

other substances to the

burn but keep it covered

with a sterile, nonadhesive

bandage or clean cloth.

Second degree burns

Also called partial thickness burns, which go deeper into the skin into

the dermis area. This type of burn is generally accompanied by blistering

of the skin, which may leave a scar.

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Treatment

Although this type of burn is usually

treatable with basic first aid, a burnedvictim should seek medical attention.

If the burn covers a large area of the

body, cover loosely with dry, sterile

dressing. If the burn is smaller than

the palm of the hand, to treat it you

should:

Immerse the burned area in cool water until the pain stops.

Dont clean it, apply ointment, or break the blisters.

Treat for shock and elevate the burned area above the level of the

heart.

Third degree burns

Also called total thickness burns,

which penetrate through the layers

of the skin, and may burn muscle and

other tissue. This type of burn can be

life threatening. The burned area will

appear charred or blackened or white

and leathery.

Treatment

Call for emergency medical services (in Saudi Aramco

communities, dial 110; in the local communities, dial 997)

immediately.

While waiting for medical help to arrive, cool the area with water

until the pain stops, then carefully remove clothing if its not

sticking to the skin. Dont use ice/ice water.

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Cover loosely with dry, sterile

dressings or with a dry clean

sheet if the burn is large. Dont

clean, apply ointment, or breakblisters.

Treat for shock and elevate the

burned area above the level of

the heart.

Monitor the victims breathing and administer Basic Life Support if

necessary and if youre trained to do so, until emergency services

arrive.

Chemical burns

Should a chemical burn occur,

immediately call 110 or 997. If a

harmful corrosive chemical comes in

contact with the skin, flush the areawith water until emergency medical

services arrive.

Because chemicals may give off fumes

even if you dont smell them you should move the victim outdoors

into fresh air. After flushing the burn with water, cover the area with a

loose, nonstick dressing.

If the burn was the result of contact with a dry chemical or powder,

brush the chemical off with a gloved hand before flushing the burn with

water for at least 30 minutes.

If the chemical has made contact with the eye, flush the affected eye

immediately with water from the nose outward until emergency services

arrives.

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Shock

Always treat a seriously injured person

for shock. Severe shock can cause death.Dont attempt to give the victim anything

to drink. Seek medical help immediately.

Symptoms of shock

Pale, cold, clammy skin, mottled in color.

Weak and shallow or deep but irregular breathing.

Apathy.

Nausea.

Treatment

If the victim doesnt have a head and/or neck injury, or broken hip

or leg bones, place the victim on his/her back and elevate the legs

about 30 cm.

If the victim has a head or neck injury, keep the victim lying flat.

Dont move the victim unless there is immediate danger.

If the victim vomits, place the victim on one side to let fluids drain

from the mouth.

If the victim has difficulty breathing, place him/her in a

semi-reclining position.

Cover the victim with a sheet or light blanket.

Choking

Adults who are around children should

get proper training in First Aid to be able

to help children. Proper first aid training

for choking depends on the age of thechild.

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Turn the infant onto his/her back. Rest your forearm on your

thigh. Keep the infants head lower than the chest.

Place your ring finger on the infants breastbone just belowthe nipple line. Place the middle and index fingers next to the

ring finger. Remove your ring finger and compress with your

middle and index fingers. If you feel the notch at the end of the

breastbone, move your fingers slightly up.

Give five chest thrusts. Each thrust should be about 0.5 cm deep.

If the infant or child becomes unresponsive, call for emergency medical

services immediately (in Saudi Aramco communities, dial 110; in thelocal communities, dial 997); if you are properly trained, administer Basic

Life Support techniques.

Poisoning

If a poisoning occurs:

Stay calm and call thehospital (in Saudi Aramco

communities, dial 110;

in the local communities,

dial 997).

Report the name of the

product, the amount

of the product that was ingested, the time that the poisoningoccurred, the age and weight of the person who was poisoned,

and the circumstances of the poisoning.

Follow their instructions.

Dont induce vomiting unless told to do so. Vomiting can cause

further harm if a substance was swallowed.

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Here are some emergency tips for certain types of

poisonings.

Inhaled poison

Take the person to fresh air immediately, if the scene is safe.

Open doors and windows.

If the person is not breathing and you are properly trained, begin

Basic Life Support.

Poison in the eye

Wash the eyes outward with running lukewarm water for 15

minutes continuously.

Ask the person to blink as much as possible to assist in irrigating

the eye.

Dont attempt to force the eyelids open.

Poison on the skin

Remove all clothing thats contaminated and begin to wash the

skin with running water for 15 minutes.

Emergencyaction steps

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1. Check the scene and the victim

Make sure the scene is safe for you

and any bystanders. Then check to

see if the victim is conscious. Tap

him/her on the shoulder and shout:

Are you ok?


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2. Call

If the victim doesnt respond, call the emergency medical services (EMS)

system at once, or have someone call (in Saudi Aramco communities,dial 110; in the local communities, dial 997) or do it yourself if nobody is

available.

3. Care

l. Position if necessary

If the victim is face down and you cant tell whether or not he/she

is breathing, position him/her on his/her back by kneeling facing

the victims hips and shoulders.

Straighten his/her legs

and move the arm closer

to you above his/her

head, the other arm

along his/her body.

Place one hand under his/her head and neck and the other hand

on his/her hip. Roll the victim toward you as a single unit.

Place the victims arm which is further from you alongside his/her

body.

ll. Do the primary care

A. Open the airway

Place one hand on the victims forehead and two fingers of the

other hand under the bony part of the chin.

Tilt the head and lift the chin. Avoid closing the victims mouth or

pushing on the soft part under the chin.

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B. Check for breathing

Place your ear over the victims

mouth and nose.Look at the chest, listen and

feel for breathing for five to

ten seconds. If there is no

breathing, give two slow

breaths (1 second each breath).

Cover the victims mouth with your lips and make a tight seal,

pinch the nose shut and blow slowly for 1 to 2 seconds. Pausebetween breaths to let air flow out.

Watch the victims chest rise each time you breathe to make sure

your breaths are going in.

C. If no response, start Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

CPR is a two minute cycle of 30 chest compressions and twobreaths repeated 5 times. Continue performing CPR until the

victim starts to breathe on his/her own or until emergency medical

services arrives.

For more information on emergency action steps, Consult the SAMSOs

Health Educations Basic Life Support (BLS) and Standard First Aid (SFA)

Booklet.

First aidkits

A well-stocked first aid kit, kept

within easy reach, is a necessity in

every home. Having supplies gathered

ahead of time will help you handle an

emergency at a moments notice. You

should keep one first aid kit in your

home and one in each car. Also be

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Emergencynumbers

Local communities

Saudi Red Crescent Authority 997

Fire/Civil Defense 998

Local Police & Security 999

Traffic Accident 993

Saudi Aramco communities

Ambulance/Fire/Security 110

By mobile phone:

03-872-0110 (Central Area)

03-572-0110 (Southern Area)

03-673-0110 (Northern Area)

01-285-0110 (Central Region)

02-427-0110 (Western Region)

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