On JOB and OFF JOB Training
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Transcript of On JOB and OFF JOB Training
Munif Ahmad
Train
ing M
ethods
TRAINING
In simple words it can be defined
as equipping employees with
required knowledge and skills
for the job.
WHY TRAINING?
Dynamic Business Environment
Technological Advances
Advantages of Training
Increased Productivity
Reduced Accidents
Reduced Supervision
Heightened Morale
TYPES OF TRAINING
On the job training
Off the job training
On the Job Training
It refers to new or inexperienced
employees learning through
observing peers or managers
performing the job and trying to
imitate their behavior.
Methods of on the Job Training
COACHING
MENTORING
JOB ROTATION
JOB INSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE
COACHING
It is one to one interaction
Considered as corrective measure for inadequate performance.
Helps in identifying weaknesses and focuses on areas which needs improvement.
MENTORINGMentoring focus on attitude development.
Conducted for management-level employees
Mentoring is done by someone inside the company
It is one-to-one interaction
It helps in identifying weaknesses and focus on the area that needs improvement
Advantages of “On-the –job” MethodsGenerally more cost effective
Less disruptive to the business - i.e. employees are
not away from work
Training with equipment they are familiar with and
people they know can help them
Gain direct experience to a standard approved by the
employer
On the job training is also productive, as the
employee is still working as they are learning
Off-the-Job Training Method
Trainee is separated from the job environment
Take place at training agency or local college, training centres
Study materials
Fully concentrate on learning rather than
performing
Freedom of expression
Types of Off the Job methods
Vestibule Training
Management Games
Role Playing
Films
Lecture Methods
Outbound Training
Vestibule Training
Actual work conditions are simulated
Materials, files and equipments are used
Duration ranges from few days to a few weeks
Theory can be related to practice here
• Training becomes more reality-based.
• Directly applies to jobs.
• Increases the chances of retention.
• Prevents trainees from making costly mistakes or damaging equipment.
• Allows instructors to give more personalized attention to the learners.
Advantages
Disadvantages
Time Consuming
Expensive
Trainer has to be very skilled
There has to be elaborate setups for the same
Management Games
To improve decision making and analytical skills.
To develop awareness of the need to make
decisions lacking complete information.
To develop an understanding of the
interrelationships
To develop the ability to function cooperatively and
effectively in a small group situation.
Types of management Games
Executive Games are general management games and cover all
functional areas {like planning, decision making, etc} of business and their
interactions and dynamics. Executive games are designed to train general
executives.
Functional Games, on the other hand, focus on middle management
decisions and emphasize particular functional areas {like Marketing or
HR} of the firm.
ROLE PLAYING
Is the method of human interaction that involves
realistic behavior in imaginary situations.
Benefits of Role playing
Developing interpersonal skills and communication skills
Conflict resolution
Group decision making
Developing insight into one’s own behavior and its impact on
others
Types of Role play
Multiple role play
Single role play
Role rotation
Spontaneous role play
Films/Video Presentations
Content for the training experience comes primarily from
a videotape or computer-based program.
Interest of the audience can be maintained by showing
them audio visuals
Easy to handle and explain
Provides a lot of content to talk about
Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages –
Easy to train and the trainer can follow up with questions and discussions
Assured to provide same information to all the trainees
Disadvantages–
Expensive to develop
Such type of training has to be outsourced which may make the training less content specific.
Outbound Training
Outdoor and action-oriented programs through experiential learning
Develops Leadership, teamwork and risk-taking abilities
Interesting as compared to classroom leaning
Conducted by professionals who are very cooperative
Advantages
Trainees can immediately see the consequences of wrong actions
Materialistically enhance their thinking and behavior
Disadvantages
Work time has to be allotted for it.
Interest of the participants is required.
Lecture Method
Lecture is traditional & direct method of instruction.
It is a verbal presentation of information by an instructor to a large audience.
The lecture must motivate & create interest among the trainees in order to become effective
It is presumed to posses a considerable depth of knowledge of subject at hand.
This method is used mainly in college and universities
Advantages
Less time required for preparation
Provides lots of information quickly
Cost per trainee is very low
Disadvantages
Does not involve trainees too much.
Trainees may forget the teaching as it is presented only
orally.
Few Other MethodsIn-Basket Exercise
Also known as In-tray method of training.
The trainee is presented with a pack of papers & files in a tray
containing administrative problems & is asked to take decisions
on these problems & are asked to take decisions on these within
a stipulated time.
The decisions taken by the trainees are compared with one
another. The trainees are provided feedback on their
performance.
Experiential Exercises
Usually short, structured learning experiences
where individuals learn by doing.
For instance, rather than talking about inter-
personal conflicts & how to deal with them,
an experiential exercise could be used to create a
conflict situation where employees have to
experience a conflict personally & work out its
solutions.
Cases
Present an in depth description of a particular problem
an employee might encounter on the job.
The employee attempts to find and analyze the problem,
evaluate alternative courses of action & decide what
course of action would be most satisfactory.
Advantages of “Off-the –job” Methods
Learn from specialists in that area of work who can provide more in-depth study
Can more easily deal with groups of workers at the same time
Employees respond better when taken away from pressures of working environment
Workers may be able to obtain qualifications or certificates
Disadvantages of “Off-the –job” Methods
The trainer should have specialised skills and
knowledge to train
The trainer may not be given much time to spend with
the employee to teach them properly
The trainer may posses bad habits and pass these on to
the trainee