October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 1 OPERA/CNGS1 O scillation P roject with E mulsion-t R...

October 18th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 1

OPERA/CNGS1Oscillation Project with Emulsion-tRacking Apparatus

1. Status of the installation of the electronic detectors

2. Results of the commissioning of the electronic detectors & DAQ

3. Brick production and detector filling: status

4. CNGS first Physics run5. Event selection & Brick finding6. Brick processing & Emulsion

analysis7. Looking at CNGS events in

OPERA bricks8. Conclusions

Outline:


1. Status of the installation of the electronic detectors


Electronic detectors installation & commissioning completed

SM1

Veto

BMS

Target tracker

SM2

Spectrometer:XPC, HPT, RPC, magnet


Completion of HPT installation

-March 2007: HPT 9&11

-May 2007: end of mass production

-June 2007: HPT 10&12• gas system SM2 completed July 07• cabling SM2 completed June 07• all TDC inside the main DAQ• all cables calibrated

Main remaining problem:Pickup noise from magnet coil for HPT inside the magnet:• filter the data onto the pulse width basis• filter the supply of the front-end board with ferrite


VETO installation

The VETO consists of 2 planes of 32 Glass Resistive Plate Chambers. Each plane is read-out by 2 planes of orthogonal copper strips (X,Y).


VETO commissioning

Noise map:• All the GRPCs are working, but the pick-up has to be optimized• A detailed efficiency study using cosmic & beam events is underway

Flow rate monitor:• important for humidity control• working continuously since 210 days

Current monitor:

Water vapor

gasflow


DAQ computing architecture

Eventbuilder

Root •Alignment•Data analysis•Brick finding

Gateway

DB

CNGS DB(Oracle)

BMM

TTdaq RPCdaq HPTdaq•Majority trigger•Same DAQ forRPC-XPC-VETO•54 sensors

•X-Y coincidence•L-R coincidence•N planes coinc?•992 sensors

•Trigger cross-check?•Tests procedure•105 sensors

… TTsensors … RPCsensors … HPTsensors

ASCII

• Time coincidence between subdetectors (merge sort)• Event classification wrt the beam UTC• Event header production

Raw data DB•postGres (DAQ)•Oracle

Event DB

(Oracle)

DAQmanager

Beamsyncronizer

•Decodes CNGSearly warning•Flag the DAQ cyclewrt the beam

CNGS Early Warning

•Connects theDAQs•Send flaggedcycles•Writes GPSdates

ASCII ASCII

ASCII-2-Root


Currently in Hall B:

• DAQ servers

• Gateway server

• DAQ-MMS Database

Computer room inside the HallB Control room

DAQ DB: migration to Oracle completed

DAQ live time > 95%During the CNGS run


DAQ: event building concept

Event building :by sorting in time individual hit from sub-detectors:• for each sub-detector in the dedicated sub-detector DAQ machine + filtering algorithms • between sub-detectors in the event builder machine + filtering algorithms

HPT

RPC

TT

Δt between consecutive hits10 nsec binning

100 nsec 600 nsec

Trigger for sub-detectors :• free running mode at the hardware threshold for TT, RPC & Veto• Common stop formed by using RPC signals (dedicated electronics) for the HPT


Time stamp resolution

Without fiber transmission correction

With position correctionSigma : 9 nsec

down going muon : side view

Tim

e

diff

ere

nce

Str

ip

nu

mb

er


Up-going muon selection using the time stamp

2006 data:Cosmics and beam data

Only cosmics data:• 44 days of data• expected 2• observed 1

Beam events

Down goingUp going

Up going muonfrom atmospheric ν

v/c

v/c


2. Results from the commissioning of the electronic detectors & DAQ


VETO commissioning

CNGS rock muon

Cosmic muon

Veto 1 resolution Veto 2 resolution Y Veto 1 vs Y TT Y Veto 2 vs Y TT

~2 cm ~4 cm


Target Tracker efficiency

using cosmic ray tracks

Trigger rate:• 1 p.e. 20 cps per pixel• 2 p.e. 10 cps per pixel

1 p.e.

2 p.e.

3 p.e.

99%


Mgnetic field influence on TT response 10<B<40<G

auss inside the TT

gain ratio Npe ratio

rock

sid

e

corr

idor

sid

e

1.15

0.85

1.00

R=

ON

/OFF

ch #


RPC efficiencies using cosmic ray tracks

All problems have been cured

Inefficiencies mostly located in first SM and due to HV/gas distribution failures:

maintenance scheduled at the end of brick insertion on SM1 to avoid interference with BMS

RPC XPC

SM1 SM2 SM1 SM2


RPC spatial resolution

Tracking resolution ~ 1.3 cm,

Misalignments < 1 cm

using cosmic ray tracks

Cluster size


RPC/XPC timing system for HPT

σRPC = 3.5 nsec

σXPC = 5.3 nsec

Efficiency vs time

XPC1XPC2RPC1

RPC11RPC12RPC13

RPC20RPC21RPC22


Status of reconstruction for HPT

- Reconstruction running stable for data and MC events

- Timing corrections implemented

- Alignment ongoing, starting from TDA measurements

- Resolution of ~500m in single planes for cosmic data (see plots below)

- Alignment will bring improvements (300m prototype measurements)

- 80% track efficiency for cosmic data Trigger efficiency vs track angle


3. Brick production and detector filling: status


Brick components

Emulsions: delivered in GS material for 154000 bricks (including CSd) : 75% no room for finding new funds (Funding Agency Meeting, March

23, 2007)Lead:• present production rate is 32000 pcs/day (~ 2.5 drum/day). • the production rate has been increased following the stability of brick production (BAM) and detector filling (BMS) rate.• Lead mechanical quality is now good and stable. Air flow is still needed to secure single sheet pick up in BAM piling stations.• Lead radioactivity

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

March-2006average

cts/d/cm2

July - 2006average

cts/d/cm2

September-2006 average

cts/d/cm2

November-2006average

cts/d/cm2

January-2007average

cts/d/cm2

total 4,5 12 14,3 14,3 17,9

5-5.5 MeV 1,3 1,6 1,6 1 2,3

March-2006 average cts/d/cm2

July - 2006 average cts/d/cm2

September-2006 average cts/d/cm2

November-2006 average cts/d/cm2

January-2007 average cts/d/cm2

+ no surface migration observed+ family equilibrium restored following the expected T1/2 ~4.6 months


BAM

Achieved milestones:• 10 Kbricks by last SPSC• 2 drums/day in May 20 Kbricks by end of may• 2.5 drums/day in June• 3 drums/day from oct 1st

• all technical aspects under control• but resource dependent !

Drum loader(1 drum = 234 bricks)

BAM in Dark5 Piling/Pressing stations1 Wrapping station

Lead Loading

Running with 2 shifts/day


Brick production summary

produced bricks

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41

weeks

bri

cks

produced bricks

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40

2007 (weeks)

bric

ks

weekly production

~60000 bricks inside the detector


Completion of the Detector filling

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

180000

1 8 15 22 29 36 43 50 57 64 71 78 85 92

weeks

bri

cks

2 drums/day

4 drums/day

2.5 drums/day

3 drums/day

real

End of April 2008 June 10th July 25th

October 24th

2008 SPS schedule for physics:May 10th November 10th


Brick Manipulator System

Loading station and brick drum Draw bridge for

brick insertion

Storage Carrousel

Digital camera for positioning

Vacuum sucker vehicle to retrieve bricks

Electric jack to insert bricks

Portico

Manipulating platform

Spatial precision o(0.1 mm) on ranges o(10 m) using digital camera vision


BMS : Insertion performances

Verified performance (without failures or waiting time in drum exchange): insertion of 500 bricks in one shift

Running staff: 1 expert and

1 operator per shift

Daily rate from 21/10/06 to 21/06/07

- Max daily rate 815 -

Running with 2 shifts per day


4. CNGS first Physics run


CNGS run in 2007

Bricks at the start of the run

Bricks at the end of the run

Integrated p.o.t Bricks with interactions

58749505 tons

71687616 tons

0.43 1019 pot 180 (~6/day)10 charm decay

Hypothesis:• 3 weeks of CNGS commissioning: 38 (half intensity, 1 CNGS cycle) , 39, 41• 3 additional weeks of physics run : 40, 42, 43• super cycle with 3 CNGS : 39.6 sec• intensity as in the 2006 run : 1.7 1013 pot/extraction (70% of nominal high intensity)• 70% efficiency of the machine complex

• 2006 CNGS run : ~ .1 1019 pot• nominal CNGS year : 4.5 1019 pot

OPERA request to the SPSCJune 2007


SPS & CNGS commissioning

Repairing completed week 38• Horn & reflector cooling system refurbishedCommissioning:• week 39: low intensity CNGS alignment• week 40: intensity increase up to 3.6 1013 pot/cycle

fix for strip lines SPS commissioning for 3 CNGS cycles

• Friday, October 5th, at 5:30 pm start physics beam

Beam very stableBeam stopped on October 13th for alarm on the control system for the ventilation work going for recabling a new control system, beam should be back not later Friday October 19th

CNGS/OPERAAllocated timeResearch Board

July 2007


CNGS performance

MoTue Fri 5/10

Commissioning Physics

Extraction 1

Integrated flux:6.72 1017 pot

Extraction 1

1.94 1013 pot

Fri 5/10, 18:00 Tue 9/10, 18:00

Nominal high intensity2.4 1013 pot


CNGS event selection by using the GPS Timing Information

Searching events in O(ms) windows just yields a narrow peak of the order of the spill width (10.5 us) with practically no CR background: O(10-4) CR background

TSPS TOPERATOF=2.44 ms

TOPERA – (TSPS + TOF) < Tgate

GPS time stamp intercalibration ~100 ns Tgate slightly larger than the extraction length (10.5 s)

+- 52 ms

Spill length

Beam time structure shown with an enlarged windows around the first extraction


Absolute Time Comparison

New calibration campaign 2007:

July 2007 with a portable atomic Cs clock capable of providing a 1PPS signal synchronized with UTC and stable at the level of few ns over several days Measure the timing signals at various points of the chain at CERN and LNGS compared to the 1PPS of the Cs clock absolute calibration transported in all the single points, check the calibrations performed last year with independent method Precise timing: implement a fast digitizer recording the proton current at the level of the BCT

2007 data:• 393 CNGS events (all categories)• using the same calibrations as last year

Cross check ongoing @CERN

Status for this run:same hardware than in 2006 (Kicker synchro)

Latest news:CERN will provide a new GPS receiver, an atomic Cs clock and the hardware/software for tracking the LNGS GPS system with a resolution of 1nsecto be installed at LNGS


5. Event selection & Brick finding


CNGS event selection

Data processing:• data are extracted from the DAQ data base every 12 hours• all events are processed through the OPREC reconstruction package• In time events are selected and stored on a dedicated file

Brick finding:• all in time events are scanned visually and sorted by categories:

in target event CC or NC like (according to the muon id) magnet interaction rock muon

• in target events are analyzed through the brick finding package each step of the reconstruction for the muon is checked manually iterative process including;

neural network for the wall finding hadronic shower parametrization probability estimate for the vertex location in each brick exact configuration and alignment of the target at the time of the event (BMM data base)

at the end the list of bricks is provided for each event

Accumulated statistics for 6.72 1017 pot • 24 CC like events• 8 NC like event• 3 events in the scintillator


CNGS events outside the target

Event vertex location defined as the first hit of the 3D track

Fit: 3.4 ± 0.2 degree

Muon candidate energy spectrum

Vertical beam angle

Data = 331MC = 303.5

Magnet 1 Magnet 2


CC like event « Opera baby » Pμ : 7.87 GeV/c

Xtalk in MAPMT:• ~60% of the nb of hits• ~3% of the nb of PE


Hadronic shower parametrization 11451 p.e. tot

1579 p.e. muon

Wall 5 Tray 24 Cell 6 prob= 0.9Wall 6 Tray 24 Cell 6 prob= 0.09

Fitted muon trackPredicted brick


NC like event

Pwall >93% Bricks:wall 3 tray 28 cell 7 prob= 0.67wall 3 tray 28 cell 6 prob= 0.13wall 3 tray 27 cell7 prob= 0.08wall 3 tray 29 cell 7 prob= 0.05


Interaction inside the TT

SM2

SM1


6. Brick processing & Emulsion analysis


X ray marks

8 cm

7,5

cm

1 shot Xray

12

3 4

Brick films alignment

• 6 lines for alignment (crossing point)• 1 line (inclined) for plate numbering

X-ray machine

CS-doublet

brick

CSd alignment & CSd brick connection


Chemical plant

11

22

33

44

5566

Almost readyAlmost ready

• Main control unit powered, working

• Demi water ready, 20° C ok

• Filtered water available, 20° C ok

• Collection tanks secured

• A nice chemical Lab set aside (small operations, & quality check! : thanks to LNGS Chemical Service)

• Big preparation tanks

11

22

33

44

55

66


Brick processing lab

Progress report:Progress report:

• Climatization resumed, ok!

• Safelight darkroom ok

• 5 proc. lines cabled to front-end (6th suspended)

• Lines # 1,2,3 tested, ready and operational in automated mode

Lines # 3,4,5 to follow soon; some refinement suggested by tests


European Scanning System

• R&D on 20 cm2/h European Scanning System completed successfully (end 2004)

• 30 ESS distributed among 11 labs ( 22 ESS in 8 Italian labs ): Bari, Bern, Bologna, Lngs, Lyon, Napoli, Salerno + Neuchatel, Roma, LNF, Padova

• Integrated in a online computers network :including DB, manager , on line computation , plate changer …..


Scanning in Japan

The 1st S-UTS (20cm2/h)

SUTS status:• first unit ready : 20 cm²/h• R&D in progress in order to reach 60 cm²/h

X50 lensOptimized FPGA code

• 5 units in preparation 300 cm²/h

CSD scanning

Brick scanning

Vertex finding performances:• Single track scan back :• Vertex finding:

• νμCC : 15’ for vertex finding nx10’ for vertex studies• νμNC : 2-3 x CC vertex finding time


Automated Track Reconstruction and Vertex Search

position residuals between base-tracks and fitted volume tracks

angular residuals between base-tracks and fitted volume tracks

(vertical tracks)

scan-back efficiency 93.1%

volume scan

scan-backtracks followed backward

film by film

track search in the CS doubletFollowing the electronic detectors predictions

vertex reconstruction


CSd & Brick : track location rehearsal

Using nearly horizontal cosmic muons:

Transverse position difference

(found – pred)

Longitudinal position difference

(found – pred)

Transverse slope difference

(found – pred)

Longitudinal slope difference

(found – pred)

Difference wrt TT prediction for tracks located in the CSd

σ= 5 μm σ= 10 μm

σ= 3 mrad σ= 11 mrad

Track following inside the brick


7. Looking at CNGS events inside the OPERA bricks


Looking at CNGS events First located vertex

Interesting di-muon event

CS film development Wed., Oct. 10th

Brick film development Thurs., Oct. 11th

CS scanning Fri., Oct. 12th

Brick transportation LNGS BARI Sat., Oct. 13th, 1.30 p.m.CS scanning predictions LNGS BARI Sat., Oct. 13th , 2.52 p.m.SB started Sun., Oct. 14th, 11.50 a.m.Track disappearance Sun., Oct. 14th, 5.25 p.m.Quasi-online reconstruction Sun., Oct. 14th, 5.42 p.m. and event confirmation


Muon track following

4 μm 2 mrad

Mean value: 22.5RMS : 3.3

Grain density

Fill factor:• 82% for base tracks• 100% including μ-tracks

Difference wrt the CSd prediction x=27 μm, y=6 μm

muon candidate followed back from film 57 to 30track disappearance in film 29stop confirmed in 4 consecutive films

(last measured film 26)


Vertex parameters

VTX ID 17Downstream Tracks 8Upstream Tracks 0Avg. Track Distance 6.0 micronX 100932.9Y 21913.3Z -36190.8

in lead between films 29 and 30

depth ~ 40 micron

Could be a Charm decay candidate !


Tracks association wrt CSD tracks

track 689film 44: 0.0324 0.1715

compatible with track found in CS1-CS2 ?

CS2: 0.0270 0.2027

SB track

found also in CS1-CS2!

CS2: -0.0075 -0.0804

film 44: -0.0099 -0.0944

track 71


Lookig at CNGS events

• CSd prediction received @Naples on Monday morning (high fog CSd)• track found in the brick : Δx = 56 μm , Δy = 25 μm (wrt CSd predictions)

Δθx= 9 mrad, Δθy= 10 mrad• track followed until plate #37• fill factor with base-tracks : 100%

2nd located vertexNice quasi-elastic event


Vertex found: Quasi elastic event

Nuclear fragment

Nuclear fragment

Nuclear fragment

Muon track


Looking at CNGS event 3rd located vertex @Nagoya

• films shipped on October 12th, delivered on October 16th @Nagoya• CSd scanning on october 16th (2h per CC like event, 12h per NC like)

event 179264151 CSd track: difference wrt TT prediction Δx= 17.3 mm , Δy= -2.1 mm scan-back on October 17th : first vertex found and confirmed

Event : 179264151


Vertex found : 5 prongs event


8. Conclusions

The concept of the OPERA detector is now fully validatedfrom the electronic detectors emulsion analysis

The τ hunting is starting from now on and for ~5 years !

The brick production is launched and the detector could be filled before the physics run in 2008Caveat: the schedule for the detector filling is tight

and the resources limited any problem will now induce delays impossible to

recover

The OPERA collaboration is grateful towards the staff members & the management of the LNGS for their constant support

October 18 th, 2007 LNGSC Yves Déclais 1 OPERA/CNGS1 O scillation P roject with E mulsion-t R...

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