INFORMATION & DIAGNOTICS

>pingVerifies IP-level connectivity to another TCP/IP computer by sending Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo Request messages.

>control admintools

>services.msc

> devmgmt.msc

>eventvwr.msc (or just eventvwr)

>systeminfoDisplays detailed configuration information about a computer and its operating system, including operating system configuration, security information, product ID, and hardware properties, such as RAM, disk space, and network cards.

>msconfig

>hostnameDisplays the host name portion of the full computer name of the computer.

>drwtsn32Dr Watson diagnostics

Run >eventvwror mmc.exe X:\WINDOWS\system32\eventvwr.mscEvent Viewer

>perfmon.exe [file_name] [/HTMLFILE:converted_file settings_file]

Allows you to open a Windows XP Performance console configured with settings files from Windows NT 4.0 version of Performance Monitor.

>regsvr32 [/u] [/s] [/n] [/i[:cmdline]] dllname

/u : Unregisters server.

/s : Specifies regsvr32 to run silently and to not display any message boxes.

/n : Specifies not to call DllRegisterServer. You must use this option with /i.

/i:cmdline : Calls DllInstall passing it an optional [cmdline]. When used with /u, it calls dll uninstall.

dllname : Specifies the name of the dll file that will be registered.

NETWORK

>ipconfig [/all] [/renew [Adapter]] [/release [Adapter]] [/flushdns] [/displaydns] [/registerdns] [/showclassid Adapter] [/setclassid Adapter [ClassID]]

/all : Displays the full TCP/IP configuration for all adapters.

/renew [Adapter] : Renews DHCP configuration for all adapters (if an adapter is not specified) or for a specific adapter if the Adapter parameter is included.

/release [Adapter] : Sends a DHCPRELEASE message to the DHCP server to release the current DHCP configuration and discard the IP address configuration

/flushdns : Flushes and resets the contents of the DNS client resolver cache.

/displaydns : Displays the contents of the DNS client resolver cache, which includes both entries preloaded from the local Hosts file and any recently obtained resource records for name queries resolved by the computer.

/registerdns : Initiates manual dynamic registration for the DNS names and IP addresses that are configured at a computer.

/showclassid Adapter : Displays the DHCP class ID for a specified adapter.

/setclassid Adapter [ClassID] : Configures the DHCP class ID for a specified adapter.

>tracert [-d] [-h MaximumHops] [-j HostList] [-w Timeout] [TargetName]

Determines the path taken to a destination by sending Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo Request messages to the destination with incrementally increasing Time to Live (TTL) field values.

>netstat [-a] [-e] [-n] [-o] [-p Protocol] [-r] [-s] [Interval]

Displays active TCP connections, ports on which the computer is listening, Ethernet statistics, the IP routing table, IPv4 statistics (for the IP, ICMP, TCP, and UDP protocols), and IPv6 statistics

-a : Displays all active TCP connections and the TCP and UDP ports on which the computer is listening.

-e : Displays Ethernet statistics, such as the number of bytes and packets sent and received. This parameter can be combined with -s.

-n : Displays active TCP connections, however, addresses and port numbers are expressed numerically and no attempt is made to determine names.

>nslookup

Displays information that you can use to diagnose Domain Name System (DNS) infrastructure. Before using this tool, you should be familiar with how DNS works. The Nslookup command-line tool is available only if you have installed the TCP/IP protocol.

WIN XP/2K COMMANDS

at (windows XP/2000)Scheduling utility.

bootcfg (XP only)This utility allows you to set up your boot options, such as your default OS and other loading options.

cacls (XP, 2000, & NT4.0)Changes the ACLs (security Settings) of files and folders. Very similar to chmod in Linux.

comp (XP & 2000)This utility is very similar to diff in Linux. Use the /? switch to get examples of command usage.

contig (works with NT4.0 and newer)A great defrag utility for NTFS partitions.

control (XP only) - unpublished!Allows you to launch control panel applets from the command line.

control userpasswords2, for example will launch a helpful local user admin utility.

defrag (XP only - NT4.0 and Win2k use contig)If you are running Win2k or NT4.0 there is still hope. Contig is a free defrag program that I describe on the defrag page.

diskpart (XP only)Use this command to manage your disk partitions. This is the text version for the GUI Disk Manager. driverquery (XP only)Produces a list of drivers, their properties, and their versions. Great for computer documentation.

eudcedit (XP only) -unpublished!Private Character editor. Yes with this program built into Windows XP you can create your own font!

findstrFind String - similar to Linux's Grep.

fsutil (XP only) - unpublished!This is a utility with a lot of capability. Come back soon for great examples.

getmac (XP & 2000)This command gets the Media Access Control (MAC) address of your network cards.

gpresult (XP & 2000)This generates a summary of the user settings and computer group policy settings.

gpupdate (XP only)

Use this utility to manually apply computer and user policy from your windows 2000 (or newer) domain.

MMC (XP, 2000 & NT4.0) - Microsoft Management ConsoleThis is the master tool for Windows, it is the main interface in which all other tools use starting primarily in Windows 2000 and newer systems.

moreUtility used to display text output one screen at a time. Ex. more c:\windows\win.ini

msconfig (XP only)The ultimate tool to change the services and utilities that start when your Windows machine boots up. You can also copy the executable from XP and use it in Win2k.

msinfo32 (XP &smp; 2000)An awesome diagnostic tool. With it you can get a list of running processes, including the residing path of the executable (great for manually removing malware) and get detailed information about hardware and system diagnostics.

narrator (XP only)Turns on the system narrator (can also be found in accessibility options in control panel). Will will allow your computer to dictate text to you. netsh (XP & 2000)A network configuration tool console. At the 'netsh>' prompt, use the '?' to list the available commands and type "exit" to get back to a command prompt.

nslookup (all)A DNS name resolution tool.

openfiles (XP Only)Allows an administrator to display or disconnect open files in XP professional. Type "openfiles /?" for a list of possible parameters.

Pathping (XP & 2000)A cross between the ping and traceroute utilities. Who needs Neotrace when you can use this? Type "pathping <ip address>" and watch it go.

recover (XP & 2000)This command can recover readable information from a damaged disk and is very easy to use.

reg (XP & 2000)A console registry tool, great for scripting Registry edits.

sc (XP & 2000)A command line utility called the Service Controller. A power tool to make service changes via a logon/logoff or startup/shutdown script.

schtasks (XP only)

A newer version of the AT command. This allows an administrator to schedule and manage scheduled tasks on a local and remote machines.

secedit (XP & 2000)Use this utility to manually apply computer and user policy from your windows 2000 (or newer) domain. Example to update the machine policy: secedit /refreshpolicy

machine_policy /enforceTo view help on this, just type secedit.NOTE: In Windows XP SP1 and news, this command is superceded by: gpupdate /force

sfc (XP & 2000)The system file checker scans important system files and replaces the ones you (or your applications) hacked beyond repair with the real, official Microsoft versions.

shutdown (XP & 2000)With this tool, You can shut down or restart your own computer, or an administrator can shut down or restart a remote computer.

sigverif (XP only)Microsoft has created driver signatures. A signed driver is Microsoft tested and approved. With the sigverif tool you can have all driver files analyzed to verify that they are digitally signed. Just type 'sigverif' at the command prompt.

systeminfo (XP only)Basic system configuration information, such as the system type, the processor type, time zone, virtual memory settings, system uptime, and much more. This program is great for creating an inventory of computers on your network.

sysedit (XP/2000)System Configuration File Editor. An old tool that was very handy for the Windows 9X days. msconfig is what you want to use now.

tasklist (XP pro only)Tasklist is the command console equivalent to the task manager in windows. It is a must have when fighting scumware and viruses. Try the command:

tasklist /svcto view the memory resources your services take up.

taskkill (XP only)Taskkill contains the rest of the task manager functionality. It allows you to kill those unneeded or locked up applications.

tree (XP & 2000)An amazing experience everyone should try! This command will provide a 'family tree' style display of the drive/folder you specify.

WMIC (XP & 2000)Windows Management Instrumentation Command tool. This allows you to pull an amazing amount of low-level system information from a command line scripting interface.

BASIC SHORTCUTS

Alt + F File menu options in current program.Alt + E Edit options in current programF1 Universal Help in almost ever Windows program.

Ctrl + A Select all text.Ctrl + X Cut selected item.Shift + Del Cut selected item.Ctrl + C Copy selected item.Ctrl + Ins Copy selected itemCtrl + V PasteShift + Ins PasteHome Goes to beginning of current line.Ctrl + Home Goes to beginning of document.End Goes to end of current line.Ctrl + End Goes to end of document.Shift + Home Highlights from current position to beginning of line.Shift + End Highlights from current position to end of line.

Ctrl + Moves one word to the left at a time.Ctrl + Moves one word to the right at a time.

CONTROL PANEL QUICK KEYS

Accessibility Options control access.cpl Add New Hardware control sysdm.cpl add new

hardware Add/Remove Programs control appwiz.cpl Date/Time Properties control timedate.cpl Display Properties control desk.cpl FindFast control findfast.cpl Fonts Folder control fonts Internet Properties control inetcpl.cpl Joystick Properties control joy.cpl Keyboard Properties control main.cpl keyboard Microsoft Exchange control mlcfg32.cpl (or Windows Messaging) Microsoft Mail Post Office control wgpocpl.cpl Modem Properties control modem.cpl Mouse Properties control main.cpl Multimedia Properties control mmsys.cpl Network Properties control netcpl.cpl

NOTE: In Windows NT 4.0, Network properties is Ncpa.cpl, not Netcpl.cpl

Password Properties control password.cpl Power Management (Windows 95) control main.cpl power Power Management (Windows 98) control powercfg.cpl Printers Folder control printers Regional Settings control intl.cpl Scanners and Cameras control sticpl.cpl Sound Properties control mmsys.cpl sounds System Properties control sysdm.cpl

WINDOWS SHORTCUT KEYS

+ D Brings the desktop to the top of all other windows.

+ M Minimizes all windows.

+ SHIFT + M Undo the minimize done by

+ M and WINKEY + D.

+ E Open Microsoft Explorer.

+ Tab Cycle through open programs through the taskbar.

+ F Display the Windows Search / Find feature.

+ CTRL + F Display the search for computers window.

+ F1 Display the Microsoft Windows help.

+ R Open the run window.

+ Pause / Break key Open the system properties window.

+ U Open Utility Manager.

+ L Lock the computer (Windows XP and above only).

EXPLORER SHORTCUTS

Alt + Back a page.Alt + Forward a page.F5 Refresh current page / frame.F11 Display the current website in full screen mode. Pressing F11 again will exit this mode.Esc Stop page or download from loading.Ctrl + Enter Quickly complete an address.Ctrl + N Open New browser window.Ctrl + P Print current page / frame.Spacebar Moves down a page at a time.Shift + Spacebar Moves up a page at a time.

OUTLOOK SHORTCUTS

Ctrl + K Complete the name and/or e-mail being typed in the e-mail address bar.

Ctrl + R Reply to an e-mail. Ctrl + F Forward an e-mail. Ctrl + N Create a new e-mail.

UNIX COMMANDS

Starting login: `Logging in' telnet: Connect to another machine logout: `Logging out'

File Commands

emacs: `Using the emacs text editor' mkdir: `Creating a directory' cd: `Changing your current working directory' ls: `Finding out what files you have' cp: `Making a copy of a file' mv: `Changing the name of a file' rm: `Getting rid of unwanted files' chmod: `Controlling access to your files' cmp: Comparing two files wc: Word, line, and character count compress: Compress a file

Job & Process Control

ps: `Finding your processes' kill: `Killing a process' nohup: Continuing a job after logout nice: Changing the priority of a job &: `What is a background process?' Cntrl-z: Suspending a process fg: `Resuming a suspended process'

Communication e-mail: `Sending and receiving electronic mail' talk: Talk

to another user write: Write messages to another user sftp: Secure file transfer protocol

Information man: Manual pages quota -v: Finding out your available disk space quota ical: `Using the Ical personal organizer' finger: Getting information about a user passwd: Changing your password who: Finding out who's logged on

Printing lpr: `Printing' lprm: Removing a print job lpq: Checking the print queues

Finding

grep: search for a string in a file tail: show the last few lines of a file who: . shows who is logged into the local system w: ... shows who is logged on and what they're doing finger (emailaddr).. shows more information about a user

Utils

df: .. shows disk space available on the system du: .. shows how much disk space is being used up by

folders chmod .............. changes permissions on a file bc: .. a simple calculator

Compiling

make: compiles source code gcc (file.c) ....... compiles C source into a file named

'a.out'

Compression Utils

gzip: best compression for UNIX files zip: . zip for IBM files tar: . combines multiple files into one or vice-versa lharc, lzh, lha .... un-arc'ers, may not be on your system

Conversion Utils

dos2unix (file) (new) - strips CR's out of dos text files unix2dos (file) (new) - adds CR's to unix text files

LINUX COMMANDS

alias Create an aliasawk Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/indexbreak Exit from a loopbuiltin Run a shell builtincal Display a calendarcase Conditionally perform a commandcat Display the contents of a filecd Change Directorycfdisk Partition table manipulator for Linuxchgrp Change group ownershipchmod Change access permissionschown Change file owner and groupchroot Run a command with a different root directorycksum Print CRC checksum and byte countsclear Clear terminal screencmp Compare two filescomm Compare two sorted files line by linecommand Run a command - ignoring shell functionscontinue Resume the next iteration of a loopcp Copy one or more files to another locationcron Daemon to execute scheduled commandscrontab Schedule a command to run at a later timecsplit Split a file into context-determined piecescut Divide a file into several partsdate Display or change the date & timedc Desk Calculatordd Data Dump - Convert and copy a filedeclare Declare variables and give them attributesdf Display free disk spacediff Display the differences between two filesdiff3 Show differences among three filesdir Briefly list directory contentsdircolors Colour setup for `ls'dirname Convert a full pathname to just a pathdirs Display list of remembered directoriesdu Estimate file space usage

echo Display message on screened A line-oriented text editor (edlin)egrep Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expressioneject Eject CD-ROMenable Enable and disable builtin shell commandsenv Display, set, or remove environment variableseval Evaluate several commands/argumentsexec Execute a commandexit Exit the shellexpand Convert tabs to spacesexport Set an environment variableexpr Evaluate expressionsfactor Print prime factorsfdformat Low-level format a floppy diskfdisk Partition table manipulator for Linuxfgrep Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed stringfind Search for files that meet a desired criteriafmt Reformat paragraph textfold Wrap text to fit a specified width.for Expand words, and execute commandsformat Format disks or tapesfree Display memory usagefsck File system consistency check and repairfunction Define Function Macrosgawk Find and Replace text within file(s)getopts Parse positional parametersgrep Search file(s) for lines that match a given patterngroups Print group names a user is ingzip Compress or decompress named file(s)hash Remember the full pathname of a name argumenthead Output the first part of file(s)history Command Historyhostname Print or set system nameid Print user and group id'sif Conditionally perform a commandimport Capture an X server screen and save the image to fileinfo Help infoinstall Copy files and set attributesjoin Join lines on a common fieldkill Stop a process from runningless Display output one screen at a timelet Perform arithmetic on shell variablesln Make links between fileslocal Create variableslocate Find fileslogname Print current login namelogout Exit a login shelllook Display lines beginning with a given stringlpc Line printer control programlpr Off line printlprint Print a filelprintd Abort a print joblprintq List the print queuelprm Remove jobs from the print queuels List information about file(s)m4 Macro processorman Help manualmkdir Create new folder(s)mkfifo Make FIFOs (named pipes)mknod Make block or character special filesmore Display output one screen at a timemount Mount a file systemmtools Manipulate MS-DOS filesmv Move or rename files or directoriesnice Set the priority of a command or jobnl Number lines and write filesnohup Run a command immune to hangupspasswd Modify a user passwordpaste Merge lines of filespathchk Check file name portabilityping Test a network connectionpopd Restore the previous value of the current directorypr Prepare files for printingprintcap Printer capability databaseprintenv Print environment variables

printf Format and print dataps Process statuspushd Save and then change the current directorypwd Print Working Directoryquota Display disk usage and limitsquotachec k Scan a file system for disk usagequotactl Set disk quotasram ram disk devicercp Copy files between two machines.read read a line from standard inputreadonly Mark variables/functions as readonlyremsync Synchronize remote files via emailreturn Exit a shell functionrm Remove filesrmdir Remove folder(s)rpm Remote Package Managerrsync Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)screen Terminal window managersdiff Merge two files interactivelysed Stream Editorselect Accept keyboard inputseq Print numeric sequencesset Manipulate shell variables and functionsshift Shift positional parametersshopt Shell Optionsshutdown Shutdown or restart linuxsleep Delay for a specified timesort Sort text filessource Run commands from a file `.'split Split a file into fixed-size piecessu Substitute user identitysum Print a checksum for a filesymlink Make a new name for a filesync Synchronize data on disk with memorytac Concatenate and write files in reversetail Output the last part of filestar Tape ARchivertee Redirect output to multiple filestest Evaluate a conditional expressiontime Measure Program running timetimes User and system timestouch Change file timestampstop List processes running on the systemtracerout e Trace Route to Hosttrap Run a command when a signal is set(bourne)tr Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characterstsort Topological sorttty Print filename of terminal on stdintype Describe a commandulimit Limit user resourcesumask Users file creation maskumount Unmount a deviceunalias Remove an aliasuname Print system informationunexpand Convert spaces to tabsuniq Uniquify filesunits Convert units from one scale to anotherunset Remove variable or function namesunshar Unpack shell archive scriptsuntil Execute commands (until error)useradd Create new user accountusermod Modify user accountusers List users currently logged inuuencode Encode a binary fileuudecode Decode a file created by uuencodev Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')vdir Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')vi Text Editorwatch Execute/display a program periodicallywc Print byte, word, and line countswhereis Report all known instances of a commandwhich Locate a program file in the user's path.while Execute commandswho Print all usernames currently logged inwhoami Print the current user id and name (`id -un')

xargs Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s)yes Print a string until interrupted.period Run commands from a file### Comment / Remark

Software Design Specification Outline

Introduction System Overview Design Considerations

Assumptions and Dependencies General Constraints Goals and Guidelines Development Methods

Architectural Strategies strategy-1 name or description strategy-2 name or description

System Architecture component-1 name or description component-2 name or description

Policies and Tactics policy/tactic-1 name or description policy/tactic-2 name or description

Detailed System Design module-1 name or description module-2 name or description

Glossary Bibliography

More TECH KEYWORDS

Kick-start Embark, Commence Executing Dispatch Hinge Underpinnings Instant Lightweight Apparatus Instrumentation Mechanism Retrofit Retreat Compute Hack / Tweak Flush Drain Draw – draw down Marshal – marshal data Propagate Hurdles Traverse Bundle

TEST PLAN OUTLINE

1. Background2. Introduction (Scope)3. Assumptions4. Test ItemsList each of the items (programs) to be tested.5. Features to be testedList each of the features (functions or requirements) which will be tested or demonstrated by the test.6. Features not to be testedExplicitly lists each feature, function, or requirement which won't be tested and why not.7. ApproachDescribe the data flows and test philosophy. Simulation or Live execution, Etc.8. Item Pass/Fail Criteria Blanket statement Itemized list of expected output and tolerances9. Suspension/Resumption Criteria Must the test run from start to completion? Under what circumstances may it be resumed in the middle? Establish check-points in long tests.10. Test Deliverables What, besides software, will be delivered? Test report Test software11. Testing Tasks Functional tasks (e.g., equipment set up)Administrative tasks 12. Environmental Needs Security clearance Office space & equipment Hardware/software requirements 13. Responsibilities Who does the tasks in Section 10? What does the user do? 14. Staff and Training 15. Schedule 16. Resources 17. Risks and Contingencies 18. Approvals