DOT/POINT:

A dot/point is the smallest and unbreakable unit that can be used to compose a form. A single point represents position in terms of space. A set of points can be used to represent a line or a shape. Points can have various characteristics by using the concepts of scale, distance, and direction. Figure below shows that the point produces a sense of stability because it is positioned in the middle of the document.

Figure below shows that the point sticking to the top in this plane produces a sense of instability and movement.

Gravity appears to be pulling it down. On the other hand, Figure below shows the point looking lonely and isolated because it is positioned in the right bottom corner.

So far, the examples have shown that a single point is able to produce an emotional mood by its position in the space. A plain document is transformed into defined space due to the positioning of the point. This shows how a point (the formative element) and space (the formless element) work together to create a visual design [graphic design]. A set of points can create a powerful relationship between negative and positive space. The positive space is the area of space that a shape forms in the plane (positive space = yang), whereas the negative space is the space that the shape does not fill in the plane (negative space = yin).Repetitive position and scale of objects produce a pattern that defines space in terms of visual design [graphic design]. Figure below is an example of pattern design [graphic design] with points.

The point serves as the focus of attention to highlight important information. Drawing a circle on a date in the calendar means that it is an important day to remember.A red circle focuses the viewer’s attention. A point (or a dot) can highlight a key part of an object. Several points in combination may represent a more complicated object. Points can recreate an object in a simplified form by emphasising its key features.

LINE:

A line represents direction and length.Lines also create outlines of forms and can have expression and emotion.Lines are an important element in creating a PERSPECTIVE* VIEW. A line can be defined as a path that leads the viewer in a certain direction.

In Figure below, one line is parallel to another so that, together, they visually create a winding path.

This also produces a perspective direction that can be used to guide the audience's attention to a certain point in a layout. Outlining often simplifies an object.

TEXTURE:

The texture of something is the way that it feels when you touch it. Visual texture is associated with the touch experience of an object; for example, how smooth or rough it is. That is, visual texture creates an illusion of a tactile experience. The texture of objects in terms of visual design [graphic design] adds richness and depth to a layout and can generate various emotions and moods. The audience may never have physically experienced this surface characteristic, but their visual understanding is developed by their previous association with similar tactile experiences.This texture may not require any explanation because the audience is very familiar with the surface.Designers often create textured effects on the basis of tactile experiences in order to enrich visual communication.As Figure below shows, the pattern design emulates a tactile experience, which implies that the pattern is raised slightly from the surface.