NEW LABOUR THE FIRST GOVERNMENT The Creation of New Labour BUT FIRST … The culmination of a...
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NEW LABOUR
THE FIRST GOVERNMENT
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The Creation of New Labour
BUT FIRST …
The culmination of a process of internal party reform triggered by
The 1983 Election Result
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The Process of Reform
Strengthening the position of the party leader against the NECMoving away from the Union block vote to direct individual membership participation (the notion of OMOV and electoral college)Policy changes: EC membership; unilateral nuclear disarmament; policies on industrial ownership and industrial relations.
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Under Blair this process intensified1. Clause Four Replaced
2. Unions kept at a distance:
• Reduced reliance of Union funding
• Ending of Union sponsorship of MPs
3. New National Party Forum
4. New role for Party Conference
5. Establishing distance from ‘Old Labour’
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NEW LABOUR
The term
NEWappeared
107 times
In the Road to the Manifesto document
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COMPARISON
OLD WITH NEW
1983 with 1997
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1983 1997
State ownership and state control
committed to 5 Year National Plan in consultation with Unions
renationalisation
withdrawal from EC
New partnership between government and industry, workers and managementTo make the market work in the public interest not to abolish itNo commitment to reverse Tory anti-Union legislation: no going back to the days of industrial warfare
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1983 1997
Redistribution of wealth and power
Provision of extensive welfare services
Increase public spending
“To put the final nail in the coffin of the old tax and spend agenda”
Adopted the spending ceilings of Tories
Set about reform of welfare/benefit system (welfare to work)
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WHAT DID NEW LABOUR PROMISE?
a new economics of the public interest which recognises that a thriving competitive market is essential for individual choiceThe government should play a full and active part in assisting industry to grow and modernise … in a partnership between private and public sector
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And …
The crusade against poverty
A new settlement between individual and society … not just within our own nation but with Europe and the wider world
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BLAIR SAID
The growth of social division, inequality and the disintegration of the family and the community have torn us apart. The task of the Left is not to replace the Tories’ crude individualism with old notions of an overbearing paternalistic state. The task is rather of national renewal, rebuilding a strong civic society and basing it on a modern notion of citizenship, where rights and duties go hand in hand, where the purpose of social action is to develop individual potential, not subjugate it
Guardian, 25 May 1994
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Blair also said
The role of government has changed: today it is to give people the education, skills, technical know-how to let their own enterprise and talent flourish in the new market place.
Brown said
Today, in an economy where skills are the essential means of production, the denial of opportunity has become an unacceptable inefficiency, a barrier to prosperity and the long-term root cause of poverty.
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BROWN AGAIN
That is why by far the biggest new expenditure commitment by the Government is our welfare-to-work programme … At the heart of the programme is a commitment to equality of opportunity – helping those out of work to realise their potential through fulfilling employment
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THE PROBLEM IN 1997
4 MILLION CHILDREN LIVING IN POVERTY
HOUSEHOLDS LIVING ON LESS THAN HALF OF AVERAGE INCOMES
A THIRD OF ALL POOR CHILDREN IN THE EU WERE BORN IN THE UK
SINCE 1979 AVERAGE INCOMES HAD RISEN BY 40%
INCOMES OF THE POOREST STAYED STATIC
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THE HEALTH OF THE POOR
High incidence of premature births and infant mortality
Low adult life expectancy
High rates of obesity, smoking, bad health
Single mothers were among the poorest
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NEW LABOUR STRATEGIES
THE SOCIAL EXCLUSION UNIT December 1997
THE NEW DEAL
SURE START
ONE HEALTHIER NATION
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THE NEW DEAL
AIMED AT THE YOUNG UNEMPLOYED
250,000 18 –25 YEAR OLDSMeet with civil service advisers (4
months) for needs assessment & help
If that failed
•Education
•Directed to an employer
•Voluntary work
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What Labour didn’t do …
The government (state) did not create jobs through new public
works
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WHAT DID THE NEW DEAL ACHIEVE?
75% IN WORK WITHIN THREE MONTHS
160,000 YOUNG PEOPLE FOUND JOBS FASTER THAN THEY WOULD HAVE DONE WITHOUT INTERVENTION
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THE SURE START PROGRAMME
To supply intensive teaching and support for the poorest families with young children
by
Children’s day centres, home visits for depressed mothers, mother and toddler groupsTO GIVE THE POOREST YOUNG
CHILDREN A BETTER FAMILY LIFE
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Joined up Government
Expansion in Nursery
Education
Cut Class Sizes in Primary Schools
After-School & Holiday
Clubs
The Connexions Programme & New Deal for 11 – 25 year olds
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BENEFIT INCREASES
DRIVEN BY
“Work is the best welfare”
and
“A Hand Up Not a Hand Out”
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WORK IS THE FIRST OBLIGATION
Working Families Tax Credit
Minimum Wage
Increased Income Support for Children
Child Benefit increased by 25%
Children’s Tax Credit of £520 p.a.
Improved List of Items for Lump Sums
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Don’t Forget the Old Folk
By 1997 2.4m old people were living below half average income
Labour introduced a Minimum Income Guarantee
then
INCREASED IT
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FROM APRIL 2001
£92.15
BY 2003£100
AND THE MONEY LINKED PERMANENTLY TO RATE OF
EARNINGS
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And Don’t Forget
£200 for Winter Fuel, November 2000
Stakeholders Pension
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EGALITARIANISM