Cyst Nematode Analysis

13611 B Street | Omaha, NE 68144 | (402) 334-7770 | Fax (402) 334-9121

Sugar Beet Cyst Nematode The sugar beet nematode, H. schachtii, is a major parasite of sugar beets, causing major reductions in yields throughout the midwest. It was first observed in the United States as early as 1895. Today, the sugar beet nematode is present in nearly half the states in the U.S. and in 39 other beet growing countries. Soybean Cyst Nematode The soybean cyst nematode, H. glycines, is the most important pest of soybeans in the United States. It was first found in the U.S. in North Carolina around 1954. It was probably introduced in soil brought over from the Orient in the late 1800’s for the purpose of obtaining bacteria to nodulate soybean roots. The soybean cyst nematode now occurs in all major soybean production areas worldwide.

Approximate Distribution of Soybean Cyst Nematode Heterodera Glycines across the United States

*Source: www.pioneer.com

Fee Schedule for Nematode Assays

Plant Parasitic Nematode Identification (Ag Soil) $58.00 Plant Parasitic Nematode Identification (Compost) $68.00 Root Tissue Exam (Root Knot Only) $20.00 Cyst Nematode Only (Egg Count) (Ag Soil) $28.00 Cyst Nematode Only (Egg Count) (Compost) $38.00

Advantages • Competitive Rates

• Approximately 3-5 working-day turnaround Special rushes can normally be accommodated, please inquire about our rush surcharges

• Online Reporting

• Latest Equipment & Technique

• Meets USDA/APHIS 526 Requirement for Interstate Movement

of Live Pests

• Meets State of Nebraska Plant Protection Regulations

• Consulting available

Visit our website for a complete listing of our fee schedule and online reporting options at www.midwestlabs.com.

Cyst Nematode Soil Sampling

Procedures for collecting samples: 1. Use a soil probe or spade to collect soil samples. 2. Collect 10 to 20 soil cores in a zig zag pattern across the entire area to be sampled. 3. Collect soil cores from areas of similar soil texture and cropping history. If different crops or markedly different soil textures occur in the same field, sample them separately. 4. Collect to a depth of 6 to 8 inches around the plant root system (if present). 5. Bulk the cores in a container and mix thoroughly. 6. Place approximately 1 pint of mixed soil in a Midwest Labs soil bag and label the outside of the bag. 7. Store the sample away from sunlight in a cool area until it is shipped to the laboratory.

Collect 10-20 soil cores from a 18-20 acre area. Subdivide larger areas and sample separately before bulking the soil into a single sample.

Additional Soil Sampling Info For fields infested with Soybean Cyst Nematodes (H. glycines), run samples before any SCN susceptible varieties are grown, or once a year if resistant varieties are grown in rotation. Sample Sugar Beet Cyst Nematodes (H. schachtii) injured fields once a year regardless of crop choice or insecticide/nematicide use. It is best to sample when plants are present. Cyst numbers will be highest when the plants are almost mature to shortly after harvest. Sampling near harvest will lend you plenty of time for variety selection or choosing alternative crops for the next year. Subdivide large fields into sections of 20 acres or less and make a single composite sample per section to be submitted for analysis. If the crop row is identifiable, place the soil probe within 2 inches of the row when collecting the sample. Placement of the soil probe is not important when sampling cultivated fields, or fields where soybeans were drilled. The quality and condition of the sample determines the reliability of the results.

How to Deal with Hot Spots Collect soil samples from the area between the damaged and the healthy plants. If samples are collected from the center of the affected are, Cyst numbers may appear much lower than their actual number.

Sample Shipment Submittal forms are available online or by request.

Submittal forms should be completed as follows:

• Name • Address • Phone Number • State and County in which the field is located • Date the field was sampled. • Crop history (2-4 years)

Sample Shipment (cont.) • Name or number of the field

Cyst nematode analysis can be performed from the same sample as the basic soil analysis. If a basic soil analysis is needed, please use a soil analysis submittal form or autosubmittal form and list a cyst nematode test as well as the desired basic soil tests.

Sample Results

Cyst nematode results can be viewed on our website at www.midwestlabs.com. Enter your account number and password. If you do not have an account and password, please contact our soil administrative personnel at (402) 829-9857. Click on “SOILS” under the header “ACCESS MY DATA.” On the left hand side of the page, click on “SAMPLE TYPES” and click on “Cyst Nematodes.” Click on the report number for applicable grower. When the view option populate, click on “View Cyst Nematodes.” For additional information, or to obtain a copy of the Midwest Laboratories

USDA/APHIS Permit, please contact:

George Nelsen, Nematology Supervisor Phone: (402) 829-9868

gnelsen@midwestlabs.com The USDA/APHIS permit can also be found by going to: https://www.midwestlabs.com/midwest-labs-documents/

Soybean Cyst Nematode (SCN) Management Recommendations

Sampling Time

Infestation Category

Following Soybeans Fall or Spring (or soybeans actively growing)

Following Corn Fall or Spring (No soybeans growing)

Management Recommendations

No SCN eggs detected

0 0

No management strategies are necessary. However, not finding SCN in a soil sample does not prove that is not present in the field. Follow-up sampling is recommended to check for SCN infestations in future years.

Low* 1-4,000 1-2,000

If this is the first discovery of SCN, follow rotation starting with Year 1 the next time soybeans are to be grown. If Years 1-4 of rotation described below have already been completed continue with Year 5 of the rotation.

Moderate* 4,001-16,000 2,000-12,000 Begin Year 1 of rotation the next time soybeans are to be grown.

High* > 16,000 > 12,000 Grow several years of nonhost crop and sample field again every fall to monitor decrease in SCN population densities.

*Note: Egg counts are reported as eggs per 100cc (about ½ cup) of soil and are only estimations of actual SCN population densities.

Conversion Factors: 500cc = 1 pint 250cc = 1 Cup

6-year Crop Rotation Sequence Year 1 Pl 88788 SCN-Resistant Soybean Year 2 Nonhost Crop (such as corn, oats, alfalfa Year 3 Peking SCN-Resistant Soybean Year 4 Nonhost Crop (such as corn, oats, alfalfa) Year 5 SCN-Susceptible Soybean Year 6 Nonhost crop (such as corn, oats, alfalfa)

Repeat Six Year Roatation Sequence What could you do if you cannot find any SCN-resistant soybean varieties with Peking as a source of resistance? If an appropriate Peking SCN-resistant soybean variety is not available for use in Year 3, grow a soybean variety with SCN resistance derived from Pl 88788 that is different from the Pl 88788 SCN-resistant soybean variety that was grown in Year 1. Grow the exact sample Pl 88788 SCN-resistant soybean variety in Years 1 and 3 only if no other Peking or Pl 88788 SCN-resistant soybean varieties are available.

Sugar Beet Cyst Nematode Action Levels NOTE: Results from Midwest Laboratories, Inc. are reported as eggs per 100cc (about ½ cup) of soil and are only estimations of actual sugar beet cyst population densities. Action Levels: 300 Eggs per 100cc 750 Eggs per cup (250cc) 1500 Eggs per pint (500cc) Rotation with non-host crops: The most widely used method of control is rotation out of sugar beets with a non-host crop. Rotation with non-host crops such as wheat, barley, corn, beans, or alfalfa will reduce the soil population of sugar beet nematodes though natural decline. However, weed hosts must be controlled during the rotation. Information obtained from University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Midwest Laboratories, Inc. 13611 B Street Omaha, NE 68144

(402) 334-7770 Phone (402) 334-9121 Fax

*Reviewed and Updated 4/2013