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Transcript of Nbi e source_emr_plug_loads_april_2013_higgins_final
Office Plug Loads:
Energy Use and Savings
Opportunities
Cathy Higgins, NBI Research Director
April 25, 2013
Answer
1. How much energy
is used by office
equipment?
2. How can energy
use be lowered?
3. How much savings
is possible?
3 Questions:
…based on field research
How much energy is used
• Typical Office Spec:
4-6 watt per square foot (W/sf)
Actual 1990 ~ <1.5 W/sf.
Actual now <1 W/sf
• Computers:
– Originally - 300+ watts
– Early 1990s - 120 watts
– EPA in mid 90s - 75 watts/12 in sleep mode
– Laptops – 15 watts
5 Source: Graph created by Ecova with data from EIA 2008 Annual Energy Outlook
Energy Use Trends
Source: D. Kaneda, IDeAs and Intregal Engineering
Types of Plug Loads
Study Set = Office Equipment
Measured Energy Use Small High Performance Office
Oakland, CA
30%
34%
26%
10%
Plug Loads
Natural Gas
HVAC and NetElectric
Lights
Non-server plug loads ~ 6% of total bldg energy
Desktop
Computers,
Imaging
Equipment and
Monitors
were 95% of the
total energy use of
the studied loads
Percent of the Studied Plug Load Energy Use – Office
Energy Use by Device Category
Off Hour Ratios – too high!
Success
Not
Findings
How to lower energy use and
savings amounts
1. Software optimize energy
saving modes
using power
management
controlled at
equipment or at
the information
technology (IT)
department level
2. Hardware use advanced power
strips and timers to
reduce or eliminate
loads off hours;
procure energy
efficient office
equipment with best
in class when
upgrading or
replacing
14
Idle Mode: ~58W Baseline: 9.6 kWh/week
65% of Desktop Computers Were Often Left Operating in Idle Mode or on Overnight and Weekends
Idle Mode: ~58W Baseline: 9.6 kWh/week
Idle Mode: ~20W Improved Case: 0.43 kWh/week
Energy Reduction = 95%!
Replaced a Desktop Computer by a Mini-Desktop Computer and Enabled Power Management
Printer, Calculator, Speakers Drew Continuous Power Overnight and on Weekends
Baseline: 5.8 kWh/week
Timer Plug Strip to Turn Off the Printer, Calculator and Computer Speakers from 9 p.m. to 6 a.m. on Week Days and all Day on Weekends
Baseline: 5.8 kWh/week Improved Case: 3.26 kWh/week
Energy Reduction = 44%!
Most Computer Monitors Drew High Active Power Compared to High-Efficiency Models Available Today
18
Active Mode: ~40 W Baseline: 0.37 kWh/week
Replaced a Computer Monitor with a Comparable, High-Efficiency Model
19
Active Mode: ~15 W Baseline: 0.37 kWh/week Improved case: 0.24 kWh/week
Energy Reduction
= 35%!
Baseline Monitor & Top Ten
- 43%
3. People Engage occupants and operators: provide simple, easy-to-understand information and reminders (prompts) to encourage users to change personal practices (behaviors) so equipment is not left operating unnecessarily. Utilize green leases, campaigns and competitions
Energy Report to one user
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
BASELINE CASE IMPROVED CASE - ENERGY REPORT
Small Office
Ann
ual E
nerg
y Co
nsum
ptio
n (k
Wh)
-57%
- 57%
Behavioral Approach % Savings over Base
(avg)
Calendar Reminders 2-31% (6%)
Poster with Remote Control Didn’t use
Feedback Monitors 51%
Energy Report 57%
Tenant Guidelines, Campaigns
Small High Performance Office Oakland, CA
Savings Outcomes
Summary for Low-No Cost Savings
• Software: Equipment Power
Mgmt Software - Turn equipment off when not in use (at device or thru IT)
• Hardware: Plug Strips and Timers to control equipment at the device
• People/Behavior: Prompts, Feedback, Campaigns, Green Policies, Competitions.
Best in Class Equipment
• High Savings (20-90% better)
• Only Cost Effective at procurement
• Replace desktops with laptops
• Monitors
• Imaging Equipment
• Peripherals
Consider reductions in the number of
plug in items.
Ensure all items are
powered down when not in use
Buffalo, NY City Hall - 1,000 Employees Estimated Savings of $71,400 at 12 cents/kWh
Case Study – Real Savings
Source: Sabo, NYSERDA Power Mgmt. Program
Equipment
# of
Units
Low-cost/No-cost Energy
Efficiency Measures
% Saved
With
Extreme
Office
Makeover
Total
Electric
Bill
Savings @
$0.12
PC/Monitors 1000 Shut off & Power Mgmt 69% $55,857
Printers 330 Shut off & Power Mgmt 31% $4,138
Copiers/Doc. Centers 75 Shut off & Power Mgmt 67% $6,815
Faxes/Scanners/MFDs 25 Shut off & Power Mgmt 37% $289
Task Lights 38 Replace w/CFLs 72% $117
Water Coolers 43 Turn off Hot Water Taps 48% $1,522
Refrigerators 22 Replace Old Ineffic. Units 54% $1,718
Coffee Machines (Lg) 17 Turn off at night/timers 25% $597
Vending Machines 2 Replace w/ENERGY STAR 62% $354
Total Equipment Users 1000 62% $71,407
Whole Building
View • Office equipment:
• 6% of the total building
energy use at the study sites
• 6-12% at avg. bldgs
• Savings represented 1-3% at
the study sites.
• Could be double in average
buildings thus 2-6% of total
Market
Connections
Outcomes
Zero Energy Buildings
Source: Pleiss, Hootman, NREL
Plug Load Points
• Plug loads in offices are now many times larger than
efficient lighting loads
• Even in the “best” offices, plug load use in
Unoccupied hours is at least 50% of the Occupied
hours
• NBI measured peak load density of all loads, which
best reflects installed capacity, maxed out at 2.0
W/SF
• You can’t get to savings targets without addressing
plug loads
Office Plug Loads:
Best Practice Guideline
Plug
Guide
to
Office
Equipm
ent
Savings
Summary in Sets of 3 • Energy Use of office equipment plug loads:
– Desktop Computers
– Imaging Equipment and Peripherals
– Computer Monitors
• Approaches to save energy:
– Software
– Hardware
– People: Information and Prompts
• Priority no–low cost strategies and technologies*:
– Aggressive Power Management Settings
– Plug Strips and Timers
– Occupant Reminders and Prompts
*Note: Replacing equipment with low-energy models is a high saving strategy and is low or no cost at the time of planned replacement.
Questions?