“Nation on the Brink”Part I

Origins of the American Civil War

Guiding Question:

Was the Coming of The American Civil War

Inevitable?Why or Why not?

The Origins of the Conflict:

The Revolutionary Generation’s arguments were the beginning of sectional divisions: 1775-1820

The Origins of the Conflict:

States Rights vs. Strong National Government

Slavery is on the Backburner

The Origins of the Conflict:

Our first Government, The Articles of ConfederationEmphasized States Rights but was very weak

The Origins of the Conflict:

The New Constitution gave more power to the National Government and Included a “Supremacy” Clause (National Laws are Supreme if there is a CONFLICT with state laws.) (Instructions on Cornell Notes)

Activity Page 1

After Video Write a prediction

What happens between 1808 and 1855 That postpones the Civil War?4-8 sentences Elbow partners can work together

3 minute pause

Henry Clay

Video on Henry Clay: http://youtu.be/yiBHk9eFWWA

The Missouri Compromise: The End of the BeginningIn the early Republic conflict emerges over how to decide if slavery allowed in U.S. territories. (EXPANSION ISSUE)

3 minute pause

Henry Clay

Video on Henry Clay: http://youtu.be/yiBHk9eFWWA

The Missouri Compromise: The End of the Beginning

1820 Congress attempts to Resolve IssuesLine 36° 30’ Latitude divides US in HalfDivided territories into Slave and FreeHenry Clay wrote it (Speaker of the House)Put off slavery issue until it collapsed due to

Conflict between Slavery men and Free Soilers in Kansas

3 minute pause

Henry Clay

Video on Henry Clay: http://youtu.be/yiBHk9eFWWA

The Missouri Compromise: The End of the Beginning

1820 Congress attempts to Resolve IssuesLine 36° 30’ Latitude divides US in HalfDivided territories into Slave and FreeHenry Clay wrote it (Speaker of the House)Put off slavery issue until it collapsed due to

Conflict between Slavery men and Free Soilers in Kansas

3 minute pause

Henry Clay

Video on Henry Clay: http://youtu.be/yiBHk9eFWWA

The Elections of 1824 and 1828:A Second Revolution?

http://www.pbs.org/kcet/andrewjackson/alife/candidate.html

Debate: Who is qualified to be President?

Who elects the President? Average Joe Vs. The Elite

United States is Changing: Population Spreads South & West

Contested Election: No Majority So it Goes to the House of Representatives to Decide who is elected

The Elections of 1824 and 1828:A Second Revolution?

http://www.pbs.org/kcet/andrewjackson/alife/candidate.html

Four Men Split the Vote1.Andrew Jackson2. John Quincy Adams3. William Crawford4. Henry Clay

The Popular Will? Who gets Elected? John Quincy AdamsView of the People: This was a Corrupt BargainPower Notes SO WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT FOR THE WAR?

Andrew Jackson and The Power of the Presidency

So what does Any of this have to Do with the Civil War

Jackson Played a Major Role in creating the Modern Presidency http://www.pbs.org/kcet/andrewjackson/alife/first_modern_president.html

His actions led to many Issues which shaped and paved the Road to the Civil War:The Bank of the United States: To o much power outside Public accountability. Economic power outside the electoral process not acceptablehttp://www.pbs.org/kcet/andrewjackson/alife/prophet.html The Tariff and States Rights: Slavery debated behind the cloak of States Rights , Taxes and Economics NOT morality are the issues to JacksonIndian Removal : Opened the West to White Settlement and Manifest DestinySquashing the Abolitionist Movement http://www.pbs.org/kcet/andrewjackson/alife/defender_union.html

“I was Born for a storm and calm does not suit me.”

Fill Out Power notes

Nullification• : The Tariff and States Rights:

The legal theory that a U.S. State has the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal law which that state has deemed unconstitutional.

• The theory is based on a view that the sovereign States formed the Union,

• And as creators of the compact hold final authority regarding the limits of the power of the central government

• Referred to as States Rights in numerous speeches and editorials

http://www.pbs.org/kcet/andrewjackson/alife/defender_union.html

Mr. NullificationJohn C. Calhoun of

South Carolina

You Ought to be in Pictures• What is happening in this painting?• It is large with lots of elements• Divide it into sections to analyzea) Central Figure: Does she look Familiar?b) Right (East?)c) Central d) Left (West?)e) Make a list of what you see and begin to

think about what its purpose might bef) Use the 5 Ws to help you

Manifest Destiny What does this phrase mean? Frederick Jackson Turner “The Frontier in

American History” Historian who wrote in the last half of the 19th century(Discuss his writings)

Results: -Conflicts with Native Americans- Texas and the Mexican War - “The Pig War” Conflict with Great Britain(June 15, 1865 San Juan Islands)So What does it have to do with the Civil

War? (Map Activity)

War with Mexico• 1840s Period of unprecedented growth: US territorial

size increases by 60%• Why?• Dreams of a Contiguous Nation• Want New Lands for Immigrants• Growing Slave Population• Lucrative Trade with Asia• Invention of the Telegraph• Opened Texas to foreign Immigrants 1823

• 1846-1848 Mr. Polk’s War begins• Many of the players for the Civil War present!!• Becomes a military LABORATORY and WORKSHOP

for the Commanders of both sides in the Civil War! http://www.pbs.org/kera/usmexicanwar/resources/video_library.html

The Pig War: Conflict between Great Britain and The United States

over Ownership of San Juan Island. The only casualty was a pig in a potato patch but George Pickett and some British

Man-O-Wars almost got in a shooting

match and Winfield Scott himself had to defuse the situation.

In hindsight , it could have led to

British recognition of the South in the

Civil War.

“Nation on the Brink”Part II

Origins of the American Civil War

The United States in 1850

Parallel Societies Urban vs. Rural Agricultural vs. Industrial Statistics tell us a lot Types of Resources: *Resource Activity- LTPS

a.Capital b.Human Capital c.Natural North vs. South: Ratios?1. larger population (21.5 million, compared to 9 million), 2. more factories (110,100, compared to 20,600), 3. larger bank deposits ($207 million, compared to $47 million),4. more horses (4.2 million, compared to 1.7 million)

*Graphing Homework

*Use Vocab Squares

Types of Resources Slaves Cotton Farm Acreage Factories Railroad Lines Population Tobacco Banks Deposits Industrial Workers

Merchant Marine Wheat Cattle Shipyards WestPoint Graduates Food Production Immigrants Bank Stock Value of Farm Land

Urbanization• In 1860, New York City

had a population of 813,660.• Philadelphia 565,529• Boston 177,840 • St. Louis 160,773• Chicago 112,172 Of the top 25 cities by population in 1860, only 5 were

located in the South and only 2 ranked in the Top 10• Baltimore ranked 4th with a population of 212,418 • New Orleans ranked 6th with a population of 168,675 • Louisville ranked #12, with a population of 68,033, • Charleston #22, population 40,522 • Richmond #25, population 37,910.WHAT IS SIGNIFICANT ABOUT 2 of THESE CITIES?What do These Numbers Mean for the North and South?

The Economy• During the first half of the

19th century, economic differences between the regions also increased. By 1860 cotton was the chief crop of the South, and it represented 57 percent of all U.S. exports. The profitability of cotton, known as King Cotton, completed the South's dependence on the plantation system and its essential component, slavery.

• “Five years ago Mr. and Mrs. Kirke Boott took up their residence at Lowell where there was then no building except one or two little hovels, but last night we went over very extensive cotton manufacturies that have sprung up since that time, and on every side fresh ones are starting into life. This State is so very bad for agricultural purposes that they are driven to manufactures to gain a livelihood?”

Primary Source Activity: Comparing and Contrasting the

Rules

What statements can

be made comparing the resources of

the North and South?

Use RatiosTo Answer.

Make Your Own Version

of this Pictograph.

Lowell Factory Complex

Cotton

GIN

Large Plantation

“Nation on the Brink”Part III

Origins of the American Civil War

Social and Cultural Issues

Poor vs. Rich Catholic vs. Protestant Native vs. Immigrant North vs. South Free Soil vs. Slave Political Parties Divide over these Issues1. Whig2. Democrats3. Result: Nativism/ Republican Party Develops

http://www.teachingamericanhistory.org/neh/interactives/civilwar/lesson1/

1856

* Add to Vocabulary

Squares

Slave: When one person is owned by another person Synonym: Bondage Legal in the United States until passage of the 13th

Amendment Cotton became profitable in 1793 with the invention of

the cotton gin and this led to expansion of slavery Foreign Slave Trade: Middle Passage outlawed in 1808 Other Issues: Conditions/Health/Slave Codes Mental and physical abuse Famous Slaves:Harriet TubmanFredrick DouglasDred Scot

*Add to Vocabulary

SquaresFlorida Mammy

Increase and Spread of SlaverySlave Populations: Change fro 1830 to 1860

• Alabama 119,121 to 437,770

• Arkansas 4,717 to 111,259

• Delaware 3,292 to 1,798

• Florida 15,501 to 61,745

• Georgia 217,531 to 462,198

• Kentucky 165,213 to 225,483

• Louisiana 109,588 to 331,726

• Maryland 107,499 to 90,374

• Mississippi 65,659 to 436,631

• North Carolina 245,601 to 331,059

• South Carolina 315,401 to 402,406

• Tennessee 141,603 to 275,719

• Texas 58,161 to 182,566

• Virginia 453,698 to 472,494

What Inferences Can You Draw

from these Statistics?

The Economics of Slavery:

Evaluate the trends of

Slave ValueWhat

Effects might these

Values have on attempts to resolve

the Slavery Issue?

Popular Sovereignty

To vote about an issueEach territory’s population would vote on Slavery1830s-1850Supported by most Southerners Failed as a compromise due to

opposition of abolitionists and free soilers

Vote For Slavery!

AbolishSlavery!

Protest Sign Doodles

Abolitionist MovementAbolish is root word which means to get rid of

or destroyDescribes those who wish to end slavery in

the United StatesDeveloped in Churches and Reformers in

New England (North)First half of 19th CenturyWilliam Lloyd Garrison is writer and speaker

who publishes his newspaper “The Liberator” to spread the ideas of abolitionists.

Fredrick Douglas is a former slave who is a gifted orator and writes his Autobiography to publicize the abolitionist cause. North Star

Extremists like John Brown believed violence was a justifiable means to the End of Slavery

Refusal to Compromise was important in causing the Civil War 3 minute pause

Antislavery Convention

1838

Compromise of 1850 Written by Henry Clay Steered through Congress with help of Stephen

Douglas Attempted to settle several problems: a. What

kind of state would California be? b. New Mexico? c. Texas border disputes with New Mexico? d. Slavery in Washington D.C.? e. Fugitive Slaves?

5 parts: 1. California admitted as a free state2. New Mexico decided by popular Sovereignty3. New Mexico gets some Texas Territory4. Slave Trade outlawed in D.C.5. New Fugitive Slave law punished those who help

runaways3 minute pause/ Activity

LTPS: Thought Bubble Pause

“Nation on the Brink”Part IV

Origins of the American Civil War

Uncle Tom’s CabinWritten by Harriet

Beecher StoweCame from a prominent

abolitionist familyPublished in 1852Novel which showcased

all the evils of slaveryBecame a bestseller300,000 copies in the

First YearHelped gain support for

the abolitionists

3 minute PauseSketch Book Cover

Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854. It created two new territories that would

allow the states to use popular sovereignty to determine whether they would be free or slave.

The real issue occurred in Kansas where proslavery Missourians began to pour into the state to help force it to be slave. They were called “Border Ruffians.”

Problems came to a head in violence at Lawrence Kansas.

The fighting that occurred caused it to be called “Bleeding Kansas.” “Mini” Civil War

3 minute Pause

*Look at Map!

Stickman Cartoon

Republican Party Founded in 1856 Combination of former Free Soilers,

Whigs, Northern Democrats #1 goal was to overturn the power

of the slave states and prevent the spread of slavery to new territories

First Presidential candidate was John Fremont of California

Overwhelmingly defeated in 1856 by Democrat James Buchanan

Became a rallying place for abolitionists and made southerners nervous and suspicious

Nominate Abraham Lincoln for President in 1860 3 minute Pause

Campaign Buttons

Dred Scott Former Slave from Missouri Test Case in Supreme Court in 1856 Slave moved to Free State is he now free? Justice Roger B. Taney wrote decision Slaves are not citizens and have no

standing in law to sue in Court Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional Violates 5th Amendment protection of Life,

Liberty, and property and DUE PROCESS Both sides used case as propaganda Abolitionist outraged/South believes this

proves their case for secession

Speech Bubbles

John Brown Radical Abolitionist “Appointed

by God” Used violence to oppose

slavery Massacre Kansas/Nebraska

Border with machete 1854 Raid at Harper’s Ferry/ Virginia

Supposed Slave Uprising 1858 Robert E. Lee Sent to Stop Him Raid was a failure, several

killed and he was captured Trial was a circus with

tremendous publicity Hung in Virginia/ Became a

Martyr and both sides used for propaganda

3 minute pause Doodles

Who are These Men?

Abraham LincolnIllinois

Stephen DouglasIllinois

John BellTennessee

Edward EverettMass

Hannibal HamlinMaine

John C. BreckinridgeTennessee

HerschelJohnsonGeorgia

Joseph Lane

Oregon

Republican Democrat (N) Constitutional Union Democrat (S)

http://atlas.lib.niu.edu/Website/Election_1860/viewer.htm?Title=1860%20Presidential%20Election

Election of 1860

The Election of 1860• Abraham Lincoln received 1,866,000

votes and 180 electoral votes. Republican from Illinois

• Stephen Douglass received 1,375,000 votes and 12 electoral votes. Northern Democrat From Illinois

• John C. Breckinridge received 848,000 votes and 72 electoral votes. Southern Democrat From Kentucky (VP)

• John Bell received 589,000 votes and 39 electoral votes. Constitutional Unionist From Tennessee

Data Chart and Questions

“Nation on the Brink”Part V

Origins of the American Civil War

Secessionact of withdrawing from an organization, union, or

political entitySecession from the United States was declared in

thirteen states, eleven of which joined together to form the Confederate States of America.

These eleven states were Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida,

This secession movement brought about the American Civil War. The position of the Union was that the Confederacy was not a sovereign nation but instead a collection of states in revolt.

South Carolina is First in December 18603 minute Pause

“South Carolina is too small for a republic and too large for a lunatic asylum!”

South Carolina Attorney James L Petigru December 1860

What does this mean?Was he for or against secession?

The War Begins: Fort SumterLocated in Charleston Harbor in South CarolinaUnited States Army installation Commanded by Colonel

Robert AndersonAfter Secession and the formation of the Confederate

states, South Carolina asked army to evacuate and turn facility over to CSA

General Beauregard of the CSA ordered troops to begin bombarding fort

Civil War officially begins at 4:30 am on April 12, 1861

Read from Mary

Chesnut’s Diary

“Failure to Compromise”: Extremists on both sides refused to negotiate Stopped listening to each other long before 1860 Southern slave-owners listened to “Fire eaters” who spoke of being

killed in your bed by slave rebellions paid for by the abolitionists and painted Abraham Lincoln as a radical abolitionist who would take their property, violate their rights, and ignore the Constitution, Preached that their only option was secession.

The Republican Party convention which nominated Lincoln wrote out a series of plans for the end to the spread of slavery and believed slave owners would never voluntarily change their way of life. Radical abolitionists who did not really speak for Lincoln claimed they did. Lincoln spoke constantly on the importance of preserving the Union and heard the shouts of the southern fire-eaters for secession as a threat to destroy the United States.

The Buchanan Government and the military leadership of General Winfield Scott was a total failure. Buchanan seemed to have become paralyzed and did nothing to calm the flames of extremism and fear on both sides. General Scott was too old and out of touch to really judge the military situation. They called him “Old Fuss and Feathers.” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GL1Lj09f3xk

Summary/Discussion: Essay Plan RAP

Guiding Question:

Was the Coming of The American Civil War

Inevitable?Why or Why not?