NASA MSFC Mission Operations Laboratory MSFC NASA MSFC Mission Operations Laboratory NASA & 4K...
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NASA MSFC Mission Operations Laboratory MSFC MSFC NASA MSFC Mission Operations Laboratory NASA & 4K Current & Future Applications Rodney Grubbs Marshall Space Flight Center With contributions from Kennedy Space Center’s Advanced Imaging Laboratory
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Transcript of NASA MSFC Mission Operations Laboratory MSFC NASA MSFC Mission Operations Laboratory NASA & 4K...
NASA MSFCMission Operations Laboratory
MSFC
MSFC
NASA MSFCMission Operations Laboratory
NASA & 4KCurrent & Future Applications
Rodney Grubbs
Marshall Space Flight CenterWith contributions from Kennedy Space Center’s Advanced Imaging Laboratory
NASA MSFCMission Operations Laboratory
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What is 4K? 4k, Digital Cinema, UHDTV
Technical definitions & resolutionsDigital Cinema uses k, as in 4k & 8k
4k resolution is 4096 x 2160, 8k is 8192 x 4320Television resolutions for 4k & 8K use UHDTV
The UHDTV resolution is in multiples of 1920 x 1080 4k TV is UHDTV-1, 3840 x 2160, also called 2160p
4x 1080p
8k TV is UHDTV-2, 7680 x 4320, also called 4320p 16x 1080p
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NASA early use of 4K After Columbia accident NASA started looking at high-
speed, high-resolution digital cameras as possible replacement for film cameras for Shuttle launch documentation Lack of standards, proprietary formats and reliance on
spinning disks for recording hindered use beyond experiments
Red One digital cinema cameras purchased to document historic events, end of the Shuttle program Archival, most footage down-converted to HD for release and
original files stored for future use
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Early lessons learned Engineering uses
Spinning disks lock up in extreme weather and pressure environments Use flash or solid state drives
Bayer pattern sensors introduce unique artifacts Dynamic range not up to film standards 3D possible but required precise camera mounts & control
Documentation uses What frame rate to use?
Shooting 24 fps requires different shooting style vs. documentary style video shooting
Shallow depth-of-field produces different look that is noticeable if footage is intercut with regular video footage
Full 4K work flows were difficult to implement and often “beta” quality Very difficult to shoot, edit, distribute and display in 4K
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Industry Status 4K+ options improving
DSLR’s can shoot 4K Smaller, less expensive, more options from vendors Better dynamic range More options for work flows and playback Monitors getting less expensive HDMI supports 4K (sort of) Resolutions expanding to 5K+
Use by broadcasters for sports coverage pushes innovation and creates more tools and applications at lower prices
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NASA Applications Replacement for film applications
“Big-Sky” or large field-of-view coverage for launches and other dynamic events
Ability to digitally “zoom” into static wide shot 2-in-1 capability allows combining functionality of film and video
cameras 4K+ recording at high frame rate can replace high-speed film camera Live HD output from same camera can replace dedicated HD video
camera Big screen space-based documentaries
IMAX film cameras can no longer be used in space due to lack of return vehicles since retirement of Shuttle
Digital work flow allows file downloads or use of small memory cards instead of large, heavy film magazines
Proxies or down converted previews provide assurance the desired shots were obtained vs. waiting for film return and processing
Historic documentation for use today and by future film-makers
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Example of bayer pattern artifacts
“Sparklers” should be white
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4K Testing at KSC
Advanced Imaging Lab (AIL) began 4K testing at KSC in 2010.
STS-131 - 10 RED ONE cameras in 5 locations as stereoscopic (3D) pairs at 4K resolution.
Composite of concurrent RED ONE
images from five camera
sites.
Advanced Imaging Lab
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Stereoscopic 4K from STS-131
Sample 4K 3D from Camera Site 3 (CS-3)
Advanced Imaging Lab
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RED ONE 4K During STS-133
AIL tracker1000mm @
2.93 mi (UCS-3)
Advanced Imaging Lab
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RED ONE 4K During STS-134 Approximately 1,300ft from Vehicle (CS2) – 500mm
Lens
Advanced Imaging Lab
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RED ONE 4K During STS-135
Advanced Imaging Lab
CS-2 @ Approx. 1,300ft
CS-4 Infield @ Approx. 550ft
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Comparison of Imagery Orbiter Flag taken from Launch Footage
E040 16mm filmFilm-to-HD
transfer
E040 16mm filmEngineering scan
EE045 Phantom HD Gold HSD 2K
frame
Approximately 70ft from VehicleOn Fixed Service Structure
RED ONE STS-135
4K frame @ CS-2
Approximately 1,300ft from Vehicle
(see top pic previous slide)
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What’s next for NASA & 4K Monitoring adoption of UHDTV-1 for possible expansion of
NASA TV NASA TV is primarily a “wholesaler” to media television
outlets…if they adopt UHDTV-1 in the future NASA will need to provide feeds in that format
The demise of film will require use of 4K+ cameras with high dynamic range and high frame rates for engineering purposes Trying to “future-proof” new infrastructure for post-shuttle era
launch pads Fiber optic based communications Expandable routers
