Nanodevices for Societal Challenges

Pablo OrdejónInstitut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia - ICN2

“There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom”

Richard P. FeynmanDec. 1959, APS Meeting @ CALTECH

“There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom”

“Manipulating and controlling things at a small scale”

- Miniaturization: “The Encyclopaedia Britannica in the head of a pin” hard disks- How do we write small? nanolithography- Rearranging the atoms one by one Atomic manipulation (STM)- Better electron microscopes (could we see an atom)? STM; TEM; SERS...- Machines at the atomic level? NPs; Nanomotors- Computer miniaturization 22 nm technology- “Swallow the surgeon” Diagnosis, drug delivery, ...

- Quantum effects- “New” forces (viscosity, VdW, capilarity...)- Strange (emergent) phenomena in complex situations

- Enormous number of technological applications

Manipulation at the atomic and molecular scale (Top-down and Bottom-up)

Scanning Probe MicroscopiesThin Film Technologies (PLD, MBE, CVD...)NanolithographySelf-Assembly Chemical synthesis of nano-objects

Manipulation at the atomic and molecular scale (Top-down and Bottom-up)

Scanning Probe MicroscopiesThin Film Technologies (PLD, MBE, CVD...)NanolithographySelf-Assembly Chemical synthesis of nano-objects

Characterization of Nanostructures

Advanced Electronic NanoscopyScanning Probe Microscopies and SpectroscopiesChemical AnalysisSpectroscopies

Characterization of Nanostructures

Advanced Electronic NanoscopyScanning Probe Microscopies and SpectroscopiesChemical AnalysisSpectroscopies

Fundamental Physical Phenomena

Electronic and other excitations (electronics, spintronics, phononics, photonics, ...)Quantum confinementNon-scalable behaviour

Fundamental Physical Phenomena

Electronic and other excitations (electronics, spintronics, phononics, photonics, ...)Quantum confinementNon-scalable behaviour

Nano-materials with new properties

BiosensingActing on biological processes:

Drug DeliveryToxicity / Safety / Environment

Energy storageCatalysisOptical nano-materials

Nano-materials with new properties

BiosensingActing on biological processes:

Drug DeliveryToxicity / Safety / Environment

Energy storageCatalysisOptical nano-materials

Devices from Nanostructures

NanofabricationIntegration - nano-micro-macroDesign / function

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Exploring and exploiting the new phenomena that arise from the behaviour of matter at the nanoscale (1-100 nm)

ICN2: Frontier research

Biosensing and Bioelectronics

Chemical Synthesis of Nanostructures

Materials at the Nanoscale

Microscopy (AFM, SEM, TEM, STM, etc.)

Nanoelectronics

Nanofabrication (FIB) & Nanolithography

Nanomagnetism

Phononics and Photonics

Theory and Simulation

Spectroscopy (Raman, XRD, XPS, etc.)

Spintronics

Surface Properties

ICN2: Materials

Biomolecules (DNA, RNA, proteins, etc.)

Carbon nanotubes

Graphene

Ferroics (magnetic, electric)

Inorganic nanoparticles

Inorganic thin films

Metal-organic frameworks

Organic polymers and O/I hybrids

Semiconductors

Thermoelectric materials

Topological insulators

Analytical instruments

Biosensors

Drugs and drug-delivery vectors

Medical diagnostics

Nanoparticles for Health and Environment

Flexible and printed electronics

Memory devices

Metamaterials and smart materials

Smart City devices

Energy harvesting, conversion and storage

Paints and coatings

Photochromes

ICN2: Devices and end-products

Nanodevices for Societal Challenges

A unifying program that brings together diverse lines of research in a coordinated, synergistic set of projects to significantly advance technologies

along the whole process chain of nanodevice design and fabrication

2014-2018

Nanodevices for Societal Challenges

ICN2 will use scientific knowledge generated in-house to develop new, disruptive solutions for the design, fabrication and integration of devices in three Core Areas:

Energy ICTLife

Nanodevices for Societal Challenges

Energy ICTLife

Nanomaterials Growth

Nanofabrication

Characterization & Metrology

Theory & Simulation

Progress in the three Core Areas will be supported by four Transversal Platforms:

Scientific research: The conversion of mechanical energy into electric changes

ICREA Prof. Gustau CatalanOxide Nanoelectronics Group

Ferroelectric (“Up” and “Down” states)

Memories

Piezoelectric (Polarization changes with pressure and stress - stretching)Flexoelectric (Polarization changes with stress gradients - bending)

Pressure and Ultrasound SensorsSonar

ActuatorsEnergy Harvesting

Pyroelectric (Polarization is T-dependent)

Thermal imaging

Flexoelectric harvester

Ultrasound sensor

ICN2, ICMAB, UC Berkeley

Media coverage:Economy pages in national press

Scientific research: The conversion of mechanical energy into electric changes

Product for a spin-offTechnology transfer: Car sensors and bigdata vehicle counting

ICREA Prof. Gustau CatalanOxide Nanoelectronics Group

Nanopore DNA sequencing

Ionic Current Blockade unpon DNA translocation

Nanopore DNA sequencing

Measuring the current across DNA

Nanopore DNA sequencing

Ab-initio (DFT) Calculations(QM/MM)

Design, fabrication and integration of photonics label-free

nanobiosensors. Point-of-care devices for real field applications

(Health & Environment). Tech transfer into commercial products

Focus areas

• Plasmonics and Nanoplasmonics biosensors (SPR & LSPR)

• Silicon Nanophotonic biosensors (MZI & BiMW)

• MEMs based-opto-nanomechanical Biosensors

• Biofuncionalization of surfaces

• Microfluidics integration

• Lab-on-a-chip integration & point-of-care platforms

• Clinical and Environmental Applications

Expertise

From fundamental research to complete technological platforms for

real applications and products commercialisation:

8 Families of patents

2 spin-offs companies (Sensia, SL; BIOD, SL) + Tech transfer to other companies

CSIC Prof. Laura LechugaNanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications

Point-of-care device (POC)

Suitable for diagnostics in the field and in-situ

Fast, label-free, high sensitivity, low-cost

Enable permanent deployment and unattended operation

biosensing evaluation treatmentsample

Limited to centralized labs

Trained personnel, time-consuming

Expensive instrumentation

Not available to everyone

Clinical laboratory

Diagnostics: today and tomorrow

BIOSENSOR DEVICEBiosensor devices for diagnostics

High sensitivity

High selectivity

Real time

High reliability

Reproducibility

Multiplexing

Low cost

Easy to use

Nanometric waveguides in silicon technology (3 nm)

3 nm

Nanophotonic Biosensors

Label-free detection in the picomolar range (pM-fM)

Portable platform (smart-phone type)

Optical readout (PD)

Surface biofunctionalization

Signal modulation(all optical modulation principle)

Integrated MicroFluidics

Grating couplers

Array of interferometric sensors

ElectronicsCMOS chip

EP2278365 (Granted 2014), PCTES08070142 (Granted 2013), CA2693423, CN102077124, US20110102777 (Granted

2012), JP2011519071. TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TO INDUSTRY IN APRIL 2014.

Polymer

microfluidicsSensor chip

(Si technology)

• One of the most sensitive label-free existing biosensors (fM)• Standard microlectronics technology • Miniaturization, integration & mass-production • Truly portable POC

Nanophotonic Bimodal waveguide

Interferometer Biosensor

Nephrotoxicity is the main limitation of current chemotherapy with cisplatin

Chemotherapy and Nephrotoxicity

Glomerular Filtration

Cisplatin - Au NPs (ICREA Prof. V. Puntes)

Aurocis

- Aurocis does not pass through the glomerular filter, which prevents kidney damage

- Cisplatin - NP link is pH sensitive: only breaks after cell uptake; Thus it is inactive whilecirculating through the organism, avoiding unspecific release. It also targets preferenciallytumor cells, as they have a more acid character than normal cells.

- Free Cisplatin binds to albumina, lending it inactive. Binding to gold NPs prevents this.

Cisplatin - Au NPs (ICREA Prof. V. Puntes)

Spin-off of ICN2 (V. Puntes)Novel cancer treatments using AuNPs as drug delivery vector

A specific drug-NP complex (based on Cisplatin) has been identified and is in the stage of animal testing

If tests are successful, production and commercialization will be done by Ferrer (pharma company)

Cisplatin - Au NPs (ICREA Prof. V. Puntes)

Photoprotective Coatings: Photochromes

Requirements:

Light induced conversion from colorless to colored state

T-type photochromes: transparent colored

Fast color darkening and fading kinetics

Limitations in solid matrices: steric effects provoke slow switching

Encapsulating Photochromes (Daniel Ruiz-Molina)

Microcapsules: Interfacial polymerization of oil-in-water emulsions

Encapsulating Photochromes

Protective lenses / screens

Smart Windows - Greenhouses Clothing

Ophthalmic lenses

Biocides (ICREA Prof. Daniel Maspoch)

Skin: Antiseptics

EtOH H2O2

Markets demand Biocides of long-life antimicrobial activity. 100 disinfectant companies in Europe with 10.000 employees (2011). Disinfectant production achieved a turnover of € 3 billion € in 2011.

Nosocomial infection (surgical wounds, urinary and respiratory tract). Mayor causes of death and increase morbidity in hospitalized patients. Suffered by 8.7% of hospital patients. Cost: 5-10 Bi$/year, 100.000 death/year (in the US alone).

Surfaces: Disinfectants

Encapsulating Biocides (ICREA Prof. Daniel Maspoch)

ClO2/O/W

ClO2

Oil

Water

Double emulsion technology

Encapsulating Fragrances (ICREA Prof. D. Maspoch)

Micro and Nano-encapsulation of fragrances for softeners

Licensing Agreement:• 3% Royalties for ICN2 in sales of products• Expected ICN2 earnings: 0.1 M€/year• A plant is in production, and commercial

products are already available.• First royalties received in 2013

Encapsulating Biocides (ICREA Prof. D. Maspoch)

Micro and Nano-encapsulation for fungicidal paints

Licensing Agreement:• 7% Royalties for ICN2 in sales of products• Product (Fungipol CP) already commercialized by Chemipol