Bahir Dar University

EiTEX

Nano-Technology application in Textiles

Prepared by: Bademaw Abate

Introduction

What is Nano Technology?

Scientific and technological advances that rely on the properties of

materials at a very, very small scale.Involves lots of complex concepts that are little difficult to understood.

“The design, characterization, production and application of structures, devices and systems by controlling shape and size of building blocks at the nanometer scale.”

Cont…

• Nanotechnology is the study and design of systems

at the nanometre scale [0.000000001

(10-9) metre] the scale of atoms and molecules.

Cont..

• Nanoscale materials can be rationally designed to exhibit novel and significantly improved physical, chemical and biological properties, because of their size.

• Nonwoven fabrics composed of electro spun nanofibres have :a large specific surface area,

a high porosity

a small pore size in comparison with commercial textiles making them excellent candidates for use in filtration, medical and membrane applications.

Nano particle

Properties

• Dramatic change in properties of a substance when particle size

reduced to nanometer range

• Properties different than those of bulk material

• Normal ceramic particle Brittle

• Nano cramic particle Deformable, flexible

• Normal Gold Yellow

• Nano gold Red

Cont..

• Small amount of nano species can interfere with matrix polymer and improve the performance of the resultant system to considerable extent.

• This property of nano particles is explored in imparting high performance finishes to textiles

Different structures of Nano Particles…

• Whiskers

Whiskers are hair-like tactile sensors used by certain mammals and

insects to monitor wind and navigate around obstacles.

Whiskers consist of high-aspect-ratio elastic fibers coated with

conductive composite films of nanotubes and nanoparticles.

• Net

• Wrap

Whiskers

Spine

Hooks

Whiskers

Fiber

The whiskers get hooked on the fibers to alter the fabric property.

Nano Whiskers can make the fabric stain & water resistant…

Nano whiskers can keep the fabric breathable too unlike resins finishes!

Value addition due to Nano Whiskers…

• Water and oil repellency

• Superior durability

• Breathable

• Fabric remains soft, natural

• Wrinkle resistance

Net

Three Dimensional Molecular Nano Net covers the core fiber Completely.

Nano Net can inject linen property intoa synthetic fiber…

How the original fiber is altered!

Absorbency @ linen in a polyester!

Value addition due to Nano Net…

• Alters the property of syntheticfibers like Polyester to give a feel of cotton & linen.

• Wicks body moisture fast

• Dries quickly & gives the cooling effect.

Wrap

Nano sheet wraps the fiber completely to cover it & alter its property.

Nano wraps can enhance the fabric robustness…

Normal fabric trouser with out nano wrap on the fibers after 50 washes!

Trouser made up fabric with nano wrap fibers after 50 washes!

Value addition due to Nano Wrap

Strength and Durability

Improverment in colorfastness

Crease Retention

Static Resistance

Some Magic Nano Particles…

• Clay Nano Particles

• ZnO Nano Particles

• TiO2 Nano Particles

• MgO Nano Particles

• Silver Nano Particles

The Functional Aspects…

• Clay Nano Particles:

Composed of various hydrous aluminosilicates so possesses various properties like chemical,heat,electrical resistance hence imparts flame retardant anti corrosive finishes to the fabrics.

• ZnO Nano Particles:

Can impart UV Shielding in fabrics & can reduce static electricity of

Nylon fibers.

The Functional Aspects Cont…

• TiO2 & MgO Nano Particles:

Photo catalytic activity of TiO2 & MgO particles can break harmful & toxic chemicals and Biological agents hence imparts self-sterilizing function to the fibers.

• Silver Nano Particles:

Anti microbial & anti mould property of silver particles

is utilised to impart anti odour & ultra fresh finishes to the undergarments & socks.

Textile Applications of Nano Technology...

FUNCTIONALwater repellent

PROTECTIONUV absorption

DURABILITYcolor fastness

DURABILITYabrasion

SAFETYfire retardancy

FUNCTIONAL HYGIENEAnti-microbial

FUNCTIONAL PROTECTIONControlled release

of additives

Nano TreatedTextile

FUNCTIONAL PROTECTIONself-cleaning

Teflon® Stain Protection

• durable fluorochemical finish based on nanoemulsion

• It forms an invisible shield around each fiber.

• Conventional stain resistance products are merely a surface coatings.

• Teflon® works on the nano scale that is, on the molecular level to protect each fiber in fabrics

Application

• The fabric is padded and dried.

• During drying water evaporates.

• During subsequent curing operation the polymers melt and spread giving uniform coating of fibres due to nano size of the finishing agent.

Fixation mechanism

Antibacterial and Deodorant finishes based on nanotechnology

'Ag fresh'• Typical example: when human body perspire the clothing in

contact with skin such as socks, shirts etc smell due to growth of bacteria.

• This drawback is eliminated by Ag fresh finish

• The anti-bacterial properties of silver are scientifically recognized

• Nisshinbo has incorporated silver particles in a minute size of around 4nm into fiber through the use of the latest nanotechnology

• A material of superior antibacterial, deodorant properties with good laundering fastness has been brought about by letting silver particles penetrate into the fiber itself.

'Ag fresh'

• The 'Ag fresh' antibacterial, deodorant finish has been developed for use mainly in

• garments worn close to the skin,

• Further applications of this technology are being planned for use in uniforms, casual wear, shirts, bedding, nightwear, underwear, polo shirts and handkerchiefs.

Ag nanoparticle penetration in fibre

Applications of Nanotechnology In Military Science:

• Military uniforms that change color to match the environment

• Light weight bullet-proof vests

• Clothing that scans your body for a perfect fit

Applications of Nanotechnology

• Stain/odor-free clothing & carpet

• Bug-repellant clothing

• Military uniforms that change color to match the environment

• Light weight bullet-proof vests

• Clothing that scans your body for a perfect fit

Etc....

Finish Fibre

suitability

Functions End use

Nano Care Cellulosic Wrinkle

resistance,

water and

stain repellent

All Cotton

wear

Nano Pel Cellulosic,

wool, silk, PET,

NY, Acrylic,

blends

Water and oil

repellent

Interior

furnishing,

Bed linen,

home clothing

Nano Dry PET, NY,

Acrylic

Hydrophilic

finish

Synthetic

sports wear,

under

garments

Nano Tex Finishes

Durability of all Nano Tex finishes 50 home launderings

Self cleaning clothes • Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are catalysts that help break down

carbon-based molecules,• Require only sunlight to trigger the reaction

• The inventors believe that these fabrics could be made into self-cleaning clothes that tackle

• dirt,

• environmental pollutants and

• harmful microorganisms

• The titanium dioxide particles covering the fibres are 20 nm size

Thanks !

With a hope for great success of Nano Technology in Textiles finishing…