Name Cambridge Secondary 1 Science TOPIC BOOK: C7e The Earth · Metamorphic rocks have different...

Name

Patrick Brannac www.SmashingScience.org of 38

Cambridge Secondary 1 Science

TOPIC BOOK: C7e The Earth CIE Topic code: C7e

Ce The Earth (UK KS3: 8G and 8H) • 7Ce1 Observe and classify different types of rocks and soils. • 7Ce2 Research simple models of the internal structure of the Earth. • 7Ce3 Examine fossils and research the fossil record. • 7Ce4 Discuss the fossil record as a guide to estimating the age of the Earth.

• 7Ce5 Learn about most recent estimates of the age of the Earth.

Notebook points

Effort score for word list activities Word list test score

Effort score for mind map Multiple Choice test result

Effort score for past exam questions End of topic test

Overall effort score for

this topic

Overall grade for

topic

http://www.smashingscience.org/


Contents CIE Topic code: C7e .............................................................................................................................................. 1

Ce The Earth (UK KS3: 8G and 8H) ................................................................................................................. 1

What you should have done if you wanted the highest grade in this course for this topic: ............................... 2

Sec1 Sci C7e WL The Earth 15words .................................................................................................................... 3

Fill in the missing word .......................................................................................................................................... 4

Fill in the missing meaning .................................................................................................................................... 5

Essential Information Sec1 Sci C7e Info Summary Sheet The rock cycle .......................................................... 6

Mind Map Task – Create a mind map of all of the important ideas of this topic ................................................... 8

Extension Information ............................................................................................................................................ 9

Sec1 Sci C7e EQ Essential Questions 59marks ................................................................................................... 19

Mark Scheme Sec1 Sci C7e EQ Essential Questions 59marks ............................................................................ 32

Extension task: Expanding your mind using the C7c Te Earth topic ................................................................... 38

What you should have done if you wanted the highest grade in this course for this topic: 1. Complete notes taken from class, which clear headings underlined with a ruler and the date for each piece of

work. All single sheets should be neatly stuck in your book, ideally with clear tape and with the edges cut off so

that they don’t stick our of your book

2. Cornell notes along the side with translations of new English words you don’t understand and a summary at the

bottom of the page that explains in just one sentence what you. Only the very best students will probably be

able to do this properly, but everyone should at least try.

3. Complete the exercises for the word list test you will have in the second week. Remember, when I take these

topic books in, I will check and give you and effort score

4. Compete the mind map based on the review sheets inside this topic book. This will help you to learn for the

multiple choice question test

5. Completed the past exam questions as the back of this topic book to help you prepare for the end of topic test,

which is the most important of the assessed activities you will do.

6. EXTENSION ACTIVITIES: The ablest students will also have completed all of the questions in the workbook, and

in the back of their exercise book, also completed the questions given in the textbook sections that have been

handed out.

7. FOR THE VERY ABLEST STUDENTS: They will also have explored one part of this topic that they find fascinating

and will have either made a poster, or a presentation, e.g. on power point and explained what they know during

a chemistry gifted and talented session, which are open to all students across grades 6 and 7, and run every

Wednesday during prep time 3:45 to 4:30pm in Mr Brannac’s classroom.



Sec1 Sci C7e WL The Earth 15words Difficult

y English Chinese Meaning in English Meaning in Chinese

Core Clay 粘土

A type of soil that does not easily allow water to pass through it and has very small particles

in it.

一种不易让水通过的土壤，其中含有

非常小的颗粒。

Core Crust 脆皮 The solid rocks at the surface of the Earth. 地球表面的固体岩石。

Core Decaying 腐烂

的

Dead animal and plant material that gives soil nutrients essential for plants.

死亡的动物和植物材料，为植物提供

必需的土壤养分。

Core Granite 花岗

岩 An igneous rock with large crystals. 大晶体的火成岩。

Core Igneous rock 火成

岩

A rock formed when magma or lava cooled down and solidified.

岩浆或熔岩冷却凝固时形成的岩石。

Core Lava 岩浆 Molten rock that runs out of volcanoes. 火山运行的熔岩。

Core Magma 岩浆 Molten rock beneath the surface of the Earth. 地球表面下的熔岩。

Core Mantle 披风 The part of the Earth below the crust. 地壳下地球的一部分。

Core Marble 大理

石 A metamorphic rock formed from limestone. 由石灰石形成的变质岩。

Core Metamorphi

c 变质 A word meaning ‘changed’. 一个词的意思是“改变”。

Core Peat 泥炭 A type of soil that has a lot of decaying

organisms in it and is very acidic.

一种土壤中含有大量腐烂生物，非常

酸性。

Core Sand 砂 Small particles that were broken off of larger

rocks. Found on beaches and in soil.

从较大的岩石上脱落的小颗粒。在

海滩和土壤中找到。

Core Sandstone 砂岩 A sedimentary rock made from rounded grains

of sand. 由圆形砂粒制成的沉积岩。

Core Soil 泥 A mixture of materials like sand, clay and

decaying organisms 沙子，粘土和腐烂生物等混合物

Core Volcano 火山 A place where lava flows out of the Earth. 熔岩流出地球的地方。



Fill in the missing word

English Meaning in English

Igneous rock A rock formed when magma or lava cooled down and solidified.

Decaying Dead animal and plant material that gives soil nutrients essential for plants.

Marble A metamorphic rock formed from limestone.

Granite An igneous rock with large crystals.

Crust The solid rocks at the surface of the Earth.

Lava Molten rock that runs out of volcanoes.

Volcano A place where lava flows out of the Earth.

Metamorphic A word meaning ‘changed’.

Sand Small particles that were broken off of larger rocks. Found on beaches and in

soil.

Clay A type of soil that does not easily allow water to pass through it and has very

small particles in it.

Soil A mixture of materials like sand, clay and decaying organisms

Sandstone A sedimentary rock made from rounded grains of sand.

Mantle The part of the Earth below the crust.

Peat A type of soil that has a lot of decaying organisms in it and is very acidic.

Magma Molten rock beneath the surface of the Earth.



Fill in the missing meaning

English Meaning in English

Igneous rock A rock formed when magma or lava cooled down and solidified.

Peat A type of soil that has a lot of decaying organisms in it and is very acidic.

Marble A metamorphic rock formed from limestone.

Granite An igneous rock with large crystals.

Clay A type of soil that does not easily allow water to pass through it and has very small

particles in it.

Volcano A place where lava flows out of the Earth.

Mantle The part of the Earth below the crust.

Lava Molten rock that runs out of volcanoes.

Crust The solid rocks at the surface of the Earth.

Sandstone A sedimentary rock made from rounded grains of sand.

Metamorphic A word meaning ‘changed’.

Decaying Dead animal and plant material that gives soil nutrients essential for plants.

Magma Molten rock beneath the surface of the Earth.

Sand Small particles that were broken off of larger rocks. Found on beaches and in soil.

Soil A mixture of materials like sand, clay and decaying organisms



Essential Information Sec1 Sci C7e Info Summary Sheet The rock cycle NOTE ON KEYWORDS HERE: You only neeed to knw the keywords that are given at the front of this topic book, the words

in bold writing here are not essential, and you can still get 90 or 95% without knowing them. But you need to understand

the ideas presented here to get a good score in the exam!

Sedimentary rocks These are

Rock fragments, formed as a result of weathering and erosion, are transported by rivers, and the fragments get worn down.

Small rock fragments are called grains. When the water slows down, some of the grains are deposited at the bottom of rivers,

lakes or seas, and form sediment.

Layers of sediment collect on the sea bed, and the bottom layers get squashed. The grains of sediment are forced closer

together (compacted) and the water is squeezed out from between the grains. Minerals in the sediment ‘glue’ the grains of

rock together (cementation). Eventually, sedimentary rock is formed. The composition of sedimentary rocks varies and

depends on the way they were formed. For example, there are different types of limestone – chalk is formed from the shells

of microscopic animals, coquina is formed from larger shell fragments and oolite is formed from sediments deposited when

sea water evaporated.

If any animals or plants get trapped in the sediment, they may form fossils.

Igneous rocks Molten rock is called magma. If the molten

rock flows out of volcanoes it is called lava.

Igneous rocks are formed when magma cools

down.

Lava cools down quite quickly, and forms

igneous rocks with small crystals (like basalt).

Magma underground cools down much more

slowly and forms rocks, like granite, with

bigger crystals.



Metamorphic rocks Sedimentary or igneous rocks can be changed by heat or pressure into new kinds of rock, called metamorphic rocks.

Metamorphic rocks have different properties from the sedimentary or igneous rocks they were made from.

Type of rock sedimentary igneous metamorphic

Examples limestone, sandstone,

mudstone, chalk

basalt, granite marble, quartzite, slate,

gneiss

Grains or crystals? separate grains crystals crystals – often in bands of

different colour

Hard or soft? often soft or crumbly hard hard

Porous? often not usually not usually

The rock cycle The Earth is continually changing. Rocks are weathered and eroded and new rocks are being

formed. The processes which make rocks, weather them and change them are linked together in

the rock cycle.



Mind Map Task – Create a mind map of all of the important ideas of this topic



Extension Information



Sec1 Sci C7e EQ Essential Questions 59marks

Q# 1/ Q15. A Japanese volcano erupted in 1936. Molten sulphur poured out of the volcano.

When it cooled it formed rock sulphur.

(a) (i) Which word describes molten rock that is underground?

Choose from lava or magma or oil.

……………………………………… 1 mark

(ii) Which type of rock do volcanoes produce?

Choose from igneous or metamorphic or sedimentary.

……………………………………… 1 mark

Q# 2/ Q17. (b) The photograph shows a piece of sandstone.

(i) The sandstone in the photograph contains a fossil. What is a fossil?

.............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

(ii) What group of rocks does sandstone belong to?

.......................................................... 1 mark



(c) Granite and basalt are igneous rocks. They contain crystals but no fossils.

(i) How are igneous rocks formed?

.............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

Q# 3/ Q19. The diagram shows a volcano erupting.

not to scale

(a) Look at the diagram. Give the letter which labels:

(i) magma;

............ 1 mark

(ii) liquid lava;

............ 1 mark

(iii) old solid rock.

............ 1 mark

(b) When magma and lava cool, they form a hard crystalline rock.

What is the name of this type of rock?

Tick the correct box.

igneous rock

metamorphic rock

sedimentary rock 1 mark



(d) Ash from a volcano dropped into a lake. All the fish in the lake were killed and

buried under the ash in the mud at the bottom of the lake.

The photograph below shows the remains of a fish millions of years later.

(i) The photograph shows the body parts which supported the fish.

Give the name of these body parts.

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

(ii) Give the name for animal and plant remains that are found in a rock after

millions of years.

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

Q# 4/ Q22. (d) (i) Draw a line from the name of each rock below to the group of rocks it

belongs to.

(ii) Draw a line from each group of rocks below to the way the group of rocks

was formed.

4 marks



Q# 5/ Q23. The drawing below shows a gemstone set in a gold ring.

Crystals of gemstones are found in different rocks.

(a) There are three groups of rocks:

igneous metamorphic sedimentary

(i) Crystals can be found in rocks that have been changed into different rocks

by high temperature and high pressure.

Which group of rocks is formed in this way?

.......................................... 1 mark

(ii) Crystals can be found in rocks formed by the cooling of hot magma.

Which group of rocks is formed in this way?

.......................................... 1 mark

Q# 6/ Q24. (c) The photograph below shows the remains of an animal found in chalk rock.

(i) What are the remains of living things found in rock called?

........................................................ 1 mark

(ii) What is hot melted rock called when it is underground?

Tick the correct box.

sand magma lava mud

1 mark



Q# 8/ Q7. The diagram shows four different layers of sedimentary rock in a cliff.

(a) Which layer of , A, B, C or D, is probably the oldest?

...................................................................................................................... 1 mark

(b) Igneous rock is formed when magma cools.

Choose from the following words to complete the sentences below.

gas liquid metal solid

(i) Igneous rock is a ............................................................................... 1 mark

(ii) Magma is a ........................................................................................ 1 mark

(c) Rocks are put into groups according to the way they are formed. The groups are igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary.

(i) To which group does sandstone belong?

............................................................................................................ 1 mark

Q# 9/ 2011/w/Sec1 Sci/Stage 7 Progression Test 2/



Q# 10/ 2017/w/Sec1 Sci/ Paper 1/Q# 9



Q# 11/ 2017/s/Sec1 Sci/ Paper 1/



Mark Scheme Sec1 Sci C7e EQ Essential Questions 59marks

Q# 1/ M15. (a) (i) magma 1 (L4)

(ii) igneous 1 (L4)

Q# 2/ M17. (b) (i) any one from

• remains or impressions of plants or animals which are very old

accept ‘a plant or animal buried for thousands of years’

• remains or impressions of plants or animals in a rock



accept ‘remains or impressions of plants

or animals or living things’ 1 (L5)

(ii) sedimentary 1 (L5)

(c) (i) cooling of or crystallisation from magma or lava or molten rock

accept ‘from magma or lava’

accept ‘from volcanoes’

‘by heating’ is insufficient 1 (L5)

Q# 3/ M19. (a) (i) C 1 (L3)

(ii) A 1 (L3)

(iii) D 1 (L3)

(b) igneous rock

if more than one box is ticked, award no mark 1 (L4)

(c) water is heated to form water vapour


(d) (i) skeleton or bones

accept ‘spine’ or ‘backbone’ or ‘ribs’ or ‘skull’

accept ‘scales’ 1 (L3)

(ii) fossils 1 (L4)

[7]

Q# 4/ M22 (d) (i) •

if all three lines are correct, award two marks

if one or two lines are correct, award one mark

if more than one line is drawn from a name of a rock,

do not credit that line 2 (L5)

(ii) •

if all three lines are correct, award two marks

if one or two lines are correct, award one mark

if more than one line is drawn from a name of a rock,

do not credit that line 2 (L6)

[8]

Q# 5/ (ii) • metamorphic 1 (L5)

(ii) • igneous 1 (L5)

Q# 6/ M24 (c) (i) • fossils 1 (L4)

(ii) • starfish

it is the same shape or has five parts

accept ‘it looks like a star or starfish’

accept ‘it has five legs’

if more than one box is ticked, award no mark

both the answer and the correct explanation

are required for the mark 1 (L3)

(ii) • magma


[8]

Q# 8/ M7. (a) D 1 (L3)

(b) (i) solid 1 (L3)

(ii) liquid 1 (L3)

(c) (i) sedimentary 1 (L4)


Name





Q# 10/ 2017/w/Sec1 Sci/ Paper 1/Q# 9

Q# 11/ 2017/s/Sec1 Sci/ Paper 1/



Q# 12/ 2011/w/Sec1 Sci/Stage 7 Progression Test 2/Q6a




Name



Name


Extension task: Expanding your mind using the C7c Te Earth topic Use the information below to create a 2 to 5 minute power point presentation, or poster, to explain something that

really interests you about this topic. There will be a special extra session in the last week or this topic, or the first

week of the next topic when you can explain to others your

idea.

• Only students who are really interested in becoming

the best at science need to try this, it is up to you if

you want to give it a go. All students in any teaching

group are welcome to try though.

• Try to include colorful pictures, especially ones you

have drawn yourself, they will make your project

much better than simply copying and pasting from

the internet.

• Include lots of details.

• Explaining one thing clearly is much better than just

stating many facts.

• Ask a science teacher for help if you want more

information about how to do a great presentation,

or about the idea you are interested in. Mr Brannac

especially is most interested in any question you

have that he cannot answer!

Movies about geologival processes Dantes Peak, The Core, Wandering Earth, San Andreas, Volcano, Earthquake, Tokyo Magnitude 8.0 (TV animated

series), Aftershock (唐山大地震), Nova. Japan’s Killer Quake (documentary based on the 2011 earthquake)

Documentaries about geological processes Docuwiki – An amazing resource to find out about some of the best documentaries ever made (like wikipedie,

but only about documeentaries!): The planets, Srip the City.

Geology simulators For a library of simulations about science in general go here:

https://www.edinformatics.com/il/il_earth.htm

Earthquake simulator: http://ds.iris.edu/edu/10.5/

Extra information to help you get ideas is available here: For the US Geological societies homepage (for news on the most recent earthquakes), go

here: https://earthquake.usgs.gov/

Simple Wikipedia This uses simpler English words in its articles. It is still run by the same non-profit foundation as Wikipedia, but you might find it easier to read Homepage is: https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

For up to date news on science in general For interested but less able students: https://www.dogonews.com/category/science For more able students: https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/

ONLY for the most interested and ablest students: For interested but less able students: https://www.dogonews.com/category/science For more able students: https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/ BBC Bitesize - you may not be able to access all of the content in some parts of the world, but the notes here about space are at the iGCSE level and are excellent: https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/levels/z4kw2hv


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dante%27s_Peak

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Core

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wandering_Earth

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Andreas_(film)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano_(1997_film)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake_(1974_film)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Magnitude_8.0

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftershock_(2010_film)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami

http://docuwiki.net/index.php?title=Main_Page

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Planets_(miniseries)

http://docuwiki.net/index.php?title=Strip_the_City

https://www.edinformatics.com/il/il_earth.htm

http://ds.iris.edu/edu/10.5/

https://earthquake.usgs.gov/

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

https://www.dogonews.com/category/science

https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/

https://www.dogonews.com/category/science

https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/

https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/levels/z4kw2hv

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