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![Page 1: MycologyMycology Disease of Yeast & Mold. Mycology Study of fungi includes yeast and mold Eukaryotic cell Chemo-heterotroph - require organic compounds.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ee75503460f94bf8ce2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MycologyMycologyMycologyMycology
Disease of Yeast & MoldDisease of Yeast & Mold
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Mycology Study of fungi includes yeast and mold Eukaryotic cell Chemo-heterotroph - require organic
compounds for energy and carbon source
Most have cell wall of chitin
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Mold Hyphae - long filament Septate hyphae - cross wall divide
hyphae into uninucleate unit Non-septate (coenocytic) hyphae - no
cross wall Mycelium – hyphae grow, intertwine
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Yeast Non-filamentous, unicellular fungi Oval or spherical in shape Reproduce by budding Pseudohyphae - buds fail to
detach; i.e. germ tube test for Candidia
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Dimorphic Fungi Dimorphism – two forms of growth,
either yeast or mold; most pathogens Temperature dependent:
37°C grows as yeast RT grows as mold
CO2 concentration or presence of serum may also be a determining factor
Dimorphism of Candida different: 37°C grows as mold in serum (Germ tube
test) RT grows as yeast
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Lab ID Type of hyphae: septate, non-septate Color of mycelium Reproductive structures:
Sexual spores - fusion of nuclei from two opposite mating strains of same species; only under special conditions
Asexual spores - commonly used in ID; aerial mycelium by mitosis and cell division
Results in conidia
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Arthrospores Arthron = “joint”, arthroconidia Fragmentation of septate hyphae i.e. Coccidiodes
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Chlamydospores Chlamy = “mantle” Thick walled spores formed within
a hyphae i.e. Candida
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Sporangiospores Angeion = “vessel” Sporangium - Spores formed
within a sac i.e. Rhizopus
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Condiospores Conidia = “dust’ Conidiophore –
aerial mycelium; spores produced at end
Macroconidia -multicelled conidiospores
i.e. Histoplasma
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Blastospores Blastos = “bud” “shoot”,
Blastoconidia Bud coming off parental cell i.e. Blastomyces
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Fungal Diseases Mycosis - fungal infection Mode of entry & infective tissue:
Superficial Cutaneous Subcutaneous Systemic Opportunistic
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Superficial Mycoses Localized hair shaft, surface epidermis Direct contact with infected hair, skin White piedra - white balls found on hair
shafts;Trichosporon Black piedra - infecting hair, producing
hard, dark nodules; Piedraia
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Cutaneous Mycoses “Ringworm” – hair, epidermis, nail Epidermophyton, Microsporum, Trichophyton Dermatophytes - secrete keratinase Person to person, animal to person Direct contact infected hair, skin Tinea capitis (scalp, hair), Tinea pedis
(athlete’s foot), Tinea unguium (nails)
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Subcutaneous Mycoses Mycetoma - beneath skin Fonsecaea, Phialophora, Pseudoallescheria Fungi that live in soil and vegetation Spores or hyphae planted directly into
puncture wound Infection not contagious
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Systemic Mycosis Deep, involve tissues and organs Saprophytic fungi, live in soil Inhalation of spores - in lung, spreads other
tissues Often resemble tuberculosis Not contagious Blastomycosis - Blastomyces, flu-like,
pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis - Coccidiodes, San
Joaquin Valley Fever Histoplasmosis - Histoplasma, pulmonary
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Opportunistic Mycoses Harmless in normal habitat (includes normal
flora), pathogenic in debilitated host Mucormycosis – Mucor; diabetic patient with
ketoacidosis Aspergillosis – Aspergillus; inhale spores,
neutropenic patient (lung disease, cancer) Candidiasis – Candida
Vulvovaginal following antibiotic therapy Thrush of mouth and throat
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MICR 301Final Exam (200 pts.)
Tuesday, Dec. 6, 2011 8:00 – 10:30am Lecture, Reading, Key Terms, Learning
Assessment Questions, Five Case Study Virus, Bacteria, Fungi, Parasite Lectures Part I (~65%): Mechanism of
Pathogenesis thru Parasites Part II (~35%): Introduction thru
Specific Host Defense Objective (M.C., Terms, T/F), Short Essay