MY GRAMMAR NOTEBOOKCreated By:

Adriano Sharkasi

PART ONE: THE PREDERITE

EL PRETERITO

Yo- eTu- asteEl, ella, usted- ONosotros-amosUstedes- aron

Yo- iTu- isteEl, ella, usted-ioNosotros- imosUstedes-ieron

Ar Infinitives Er and Ir Infinitives

TRIGGER WORDS FOR THE PREDERITE

These are some trigger words or “signal” words that should tell you that the prederite form must be used they inclulde: Anoche Ayer Anteayer El ano pasado La semana pasada

CAR, GAR, AND ZAR VERBS

Infinitives that end in these endings are irregular in the yo form Car verbs end in qu, Gar verbs end in gu, and zar verbs change z to c Examples

Jugar = Jugue Tocar = Toque Empezar = Empece

SPOCK VERBS

Dar and Ver.

Hacer

Ir and Ser

SNAKE AND SNAKEY VERBS

e→i pedir preferir competir repetir servir sentir venir

Only change in the 3rd person

o→u

dormir

morir

pedi pedimos

pediste

pido pideron

SNAKEY VERBS

Includes leer and oir Use “y” in the usted and ustedes

leí leímos

leiste leísteis

leyó leyeron

CUCARACHA VERBS

Andar – Anduve Estar- Estuve Poder- Pude Poner- Puse Querer- Quise Saber- Supe Tener- Tuve Venir- Vine Conducir-Conduje Traducir- Traduje Decir- Dije Traer- Traje

PART TWO: THE IMPERFECT

THE IMPERFECT The imperfect is something that happened in the

past but was a habitual/ continual action. It differs with the preterit in that while the preterit

was a completed action, the imperfect is something that a person continually used to do

Examples I set the table last night. (Preterit) When I was a little kid, I set the table every night.

(Imperfect)

CONJUGATIONS FOR THE IMPERFECT

Ar Er and IrAbaAbasAbaAbamosAbaisAban

IaIasIaIamosIaisIan

TRIGGER WORDS FOR THE IMPERFECT

Some trigger words for the Imperfect include: Cuando era nino/nina. A menudo A veces Cada dia Con frequencia Cada ano Cada mes De vez en cuando Generalmente

IMPERFECT IRREGULARS

There are only three imperfect irregulars: Ser, Ir, and Ver.

Ir Ser Ver

Iba Era Veía

Ibas Eras Veías

Iba Era Veía

Ibamos Éramos Veíamos

Ibais Erais Veíais

Iban Eran Veían

VERBS LIKE GUSTAR

aburrir to bore fascinar to be fascinating to bastar to be sufficient importar to be important to caer bien (mal) to (not) suit interesar to be interesting to dar asco to be loathsome molestar to be a bother disgustar to hate something parecer to appear to be doler (o:ue) to be painful picar to itch encantar to "love" something quedar to be left over, remain faltar to be lacking something volver

D- description O- origin C- Characteristic T-time O-occupation R-Relationship P E-event D-date

H- E-emotion L-location P-position I N G ING= ando, iendo,

Ser Estar

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE

When compareing words, One should use que

When compareing age or numbers, one should use de. Examples for Que

Roberto es mas alto que Simon Ricardo tiene mas calificaciones buenos que Rafael.

Examples for Deo El hombre tiene seis plumas mas de el chicho.

SUPERLATIVE WORDS

Superlative words are words used to describe age differece, and quality of something (better or worse than.)

These words can be used in concordance with the comparative form.

Here are some common superlative words Viejo- older Joven- younger Mejor- better Peor- worse

TRANSITIONS Transitions add flow and continuity to a text, thus

creating a better understanding to the reader. Some common Spanish tranistions include: Aunque = even though Tambien= also Por lo tanto= therefore Sin embargo= nevertheless Pero= but Mientras= contrast to A pensar de= in spite of

PART FOUR: THE FUTURE

THE FUTURE

The future tense is something that will happen.

It is one of the easiest tenses to learn, as there is no removing of the infinitive and that there are few irregulars.

CONJUGATION OF THE FUTURE TENSE

Ar , Er, and Ir verbs

EAsAEmosEisAn

FUTURE IRREGULARS

Here are some irregulars in the Future tense. Dir Har Pondre Saldr Tendr Cabr Valdr Sabr

TRIGGER WORDS FOR THE FUTURE

Here are some signal words for the future tense: Mañana En el año nuevo En el mes nuevo En la semana nuevo Despues de manana

PART FIVE: POR AND PARA

POR Por is generally used when Passing through a

place; it is more general rather than specific. Location (PORtugal) How long something lasts (PORever) The cause of something (POR’pus) An exchange (imPORt, exPORt) Doing something in place of or instead of someone

else TransPORtation

PARA

For whom something is done (PARAty) Destination (PARAguay) The purpose for which something is done

(PARAsites) To express an opinion (PARAdon me, but…) To contrast or compare To express idea of deadline (PARamedic)