Multiphase flow studies with tomometric techniques for ...TWO ROUTES FOR MULTIPHASE FLOW STUDY 1....

Multiphase flow studies with

tomometric techniques for

identifying

flow regimesAn interesting interplay of Tomography/ Tomometry

Saba Mylvaganam

Faculty of Technology

University College of Southeast Norway

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Terminology- Technolgy

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162

Tomography

ECT, ERT,EIT etc

Gamma, X-Ray, Tera-Hertz etc.

Tomometry

ECTm, ERTm,EITm

E – Electrical, C- Capacitance, R- Resistane

I- Impedance

Depends permittivity, conductivity,

permeability etc.

Also radiation based tomometry

Tomography and

Tomometry as

complimentary

techniques

Fig. 3. Illustrating the difference between in-line, online, and at-line product measurements during manufacturing.

Anneleen Burggraeve, Tinne Monteyne, Chris Vervaet, Jean Paul Remon, Thomas De Beer

Process analytical tools for monitoring, understanding, and control of pharmaceutical fluidized bed granulation: A review

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Volume 83, Issue 1, 2013, 2–15

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.09.008

On-line, In-Line and At-Line

INTRODUCTION

Anneleen Burggraeve, Tinne Monteyne, Chris Vervaet, Jean Paul Remon, Thomas De Beer

Process analytical tools for monitoring, understanding, and control of pharmaceutical fluidized bed granulation: A review

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Volume 83, Issue 1, 2013, 2–15

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.09.008

Real Time Process Sensors / Data Fusion

INTRODUCTION

Non-Invasive Techniques in

Medicine and Industries

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Beginning of tomography/tomometry?

• Stethoscope - acoustic medical device

• Listening - acoustic water leakage

detection

• Empty/full vessel with «knocking» and

frequency based detection etc.

Oil & Gas Journal August 1990

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ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS DETECT SAND IN

NORTH SEA FLOW LINES08/27/1990

Trond Folkestad, Kanaga S. Mylvaganam

Chr. Michelsen Institute

Bergen, Norway

Clamp-on acoustic emission (AE) transducers have

been developed for detecting sand in flow lines on

offshore oil producing platforms.

Sand production is determined by using the

integrated value of measured noise generated by

collisions of sand particles on the pipe wall.

INTRODUCTION

Non-invasive Sand- detection

and monitoring with AE

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AE – Acoustic Emssion

INTRODUCTION

Courtesy – Roxar

Emersons Process Management

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Sensor Data Fusion

Another Perspective

Gedanken-experiment

Sensor Related Matrix

Electrical Modalities:

V = IR C = QV V = L di/dt

Radiation – Modalities: dsyx,μ exp II if

S can be R - Resistance, C – Capacitance,

L – Inductance. Z – Impedance, Attenuation

RAMAN, IR, FTIR, NIR, Gamma, MR, AAS,AFS,

XRD,XPS, Terahertz), camera etc.

μ

Gedanken-experiment

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1610Courtesy : Krohne

IDENTIFICATIONIMAGING

11

TWO ROUTES FOR MULTIPHASE FLOW STUDY

1. Introduction ⇾ 2. Experiments ⇾ 3. Flow Regime Identification⇾ 4. Conclusion

Images of two-phase flows,

with high speed cameraCategorization of fully-developed two-phase flows

into flow regimes

Adapted from D. O. Bratland, "Example of steady-state

flow regime map for a horizontal pipe," ed, 2010.

On Multiphase Flow Studies

Based on

Pradeep, Chaminda; Yan, Ru; Vestøl, Sondre; Melaaen,

Morten Christian; Mylvaganam, Saba. ‘Electrical

capacitance tomography (ECT) and gamma radiation meter

for comparison with and validation and tuning of CFD

modelling of multiphase flow.' : Transactions of IOP journal

of Measurement science and technology, Vol:25, Issue: 7,

March 2014 pp: 075404-075411.

Fusion of Gamma radiation Measurement, ECT, High Speed

Camera – An interesting interplay of Tomography/

Tomometry

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IDENTIFICATIONIMAGING

15

Images of two-phase flows,

with high speed cameraCategorization of fully-developed two-phase flows

into flow regimes

16

Set of 72 experiments and the identified flow regimes superimposed on map by Mandhane (1974)

From Dupré A., Ricciard, G., Bourennane S., Mylvaganam S. (2016) Identification of flow regimes

using raw EIT measurements. 8th World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography, Brazil.

Transitions are fuzzy, visual assessment of flow regime is complex

Various Stages of Fluidisation

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1617Crowe, C. T. (2006). Multiphase flow handbook. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press.

Electrical Capacitance Tomography for

Powder Flow Studies

Axial velocity

Transverse component of velocity

Estimate the solid flowrate

Number concentration of particulate passing

through cross sectional area

Estimate the particle size to understand the

segregation phenomena.

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Flow High Speed Digital Camera

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Pneumatic transfer – Some issues

Dilute phase Vertical Pneumatic Transport System

Flow monitoring

Particle sizing

Segregation

Non intrusive Instrumentation technique

Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT)

Laser Doppler Anemometry(LDA)

Acoustic Emission

Computational fluid dynamic simulation(CFD)

High Speed Camera

Signal Processing

Correlation20/12/2016 20

Some Results from

Tomography / Tomometry

Most of the results in the following seven slides on particulate

flow are based on the following publication

Urmila Datta , Thomas Dyokowski, Saba Mylvaganam,

Estimation of Particulate Velocity Components in

Pneumatic Transport Using Pixel Based Correlation with

Dual Plane ECT, The Chemical Engineering Journal,

130(2):87-99 · June 2007 ·

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Axial velocity using ECT and LDA

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Velocity profile over the cross section by ECT

and LDA method with error bar for different inlet air velocity

Solid velocity distribution measured at

different air velocity by LDA method.

Solid velocity distribution measured by ECT

at different air velocity

Variation of average particulate velocity with

inlet air velocity by ECT and LDA method

Pixel Based Correlation Algorithm

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Interrogation window

Correlation

Correlation peak

Velocity

Tomography/Tomometry

Case Studies

Rotational Movement of An Object In

Sensor Plane

Flow in Horizontal Channel

Flow in Vertical Channel

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Flow in Horizontal Channel

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Transverse velocity vector plot of 100th frame

Magnitude of transverse velocity of 100th frame.

Transverse velocity using ECT and LDA

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

-27 -25 -23 -21 -19 -17 -15 -13 -11 -9 -7 -5 -3 -1 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27

Radial position[mm]

Tra

ns

verse v

elo

cit

y c

om

po

ne

nt[

m/s

]

12.73m/s

12.48m/s

11.97m/s

11.48m/s

11.23m/s

10.98m/s

10.49m/s

10.2m/s

9.98m/s

9.48m/s

8.98m/s

8.73m/s

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Transverse component of solid velocity at different superficial

Velocity by ECT and LDA method

Transverse component of solid velocity distribution by

LDA method

ECT AND OTHER MODALITIES

Some of the following results wre presentd in

University of Southeast Norway during the guest

lecture by Dr. Daniel J. Holland

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Three-dimensional capacitance sensor with three planes and four electrodes in each plane.

Published in: D. J. Holland; Q. Marashdeh; C. R. Müller; F. Wang; J. S. Dennis; L.-S. Fan; L. F. Gladden; Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2009, 48, 172-

181.

DOI: 10.1021/ie8002073

Copyright © 2008 American Chemical Society

Triple Plane 3D Capacitance Sensor

Snapshot ECVT measurements of the gas and solids distribution in the x−y plane at a superficial gas velocity of 0.04 m s−1.

The images shown were extracted from a full 3D data set and were taken for a slice located in the center of the capacitance

sensor. The field of view was 50 mm × 50 mm × 90 mm, and 20 × 20 × 20 voxels, giving an apparent resolution of 2.5 mm

× 2.5 mm × 4.5 mm. The acquisition time was 12.5 ms, and every second frame is shown such that the data may be

compared with the MR data shown in Figure 7.


181.

DOI: 10.1021/ie8002073


ECVT Snapshot of gas/solids distribution

Snapshot MR measurements of the gas and solids distribution in the x−y plane at a superficial gas velocity of 0.04 m s−1. The

field of view was 60 mm × 60 mm, and 32 × 16 voxels. The data were zero-filled to 32 × 32 pixels, giving an apparent

resolution of 1.9 mm × 1.9 mm. The slice thickness was 2 mm and was located 280 mm above the distributor. The acquisition

time was 26 ms.


181.

DOI: 10.1021/ie8002073


MRI Snapshot of gas/solids distribution

Comparison of the voidage measured using ECVT (dotted lines) and MRI (solid lines) at gas velocities of 0.04 (black) and 0.10

m s−1 (gray). All four profiles were taken along a line through the center of the imaging region, 280 mm above the distributor.


181.

DOI: 10.1021/ie8002073


Voidage ECVT vs. MRI

Multiphase flow studies with tomometric techniques for ...TWO ROUTES FOR MULTIPHASE FLOW STUDY 1....

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