Molecules of Life Fun with Biomolecules (Macromolecules)

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Molecules of Life Fun with Biomolecules (Macromolecules)

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Transcript of Molecules of Life Fun with Biomolecules (Macromolecules)

  • Slide 1
  • Molecules of Life Fun with Biomolecules (Macromolecules)
  • Slide 2
  • Biochemistry Terms Biomolecule any molecule produced by a living organism. Macromolecule when smaller molecules join together to form a larger more complex molecule. Polyunsaturated fat
  • Slide 3
  • Important Macromolecules There are four types of macromolecules that make up all living organisms: 1.Carbohydrates 2.Lipids 3.Proteins 4.Nucleic Acids
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  • Elements found in the four macromolecules: Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus These three elements are found in all four carbon hydrogen oxygen
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  • How they are made & Broken Down: Monomers-simplest, one unit building blocks. Polymers-multiunit, polymers are made of monomers. Polymers are made using a process known as dehydration synthesis (removes a water molecule). Polymers are broken down using a process known as hydrolysis (breaks or lyses a water molecule and adds it). http://nhscience.lonestar.edu/biol/dehydrat/dehydrat.html
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  • Carbohydrates
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  • Structure: Elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. CHO Subunits: Monosaccharides Form a RING Function: Quick energytheir bonds store a lot of energy!
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  • Examples-Simple Simple = Monosaccharides (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) Glucose from plants Fructose from fruits Galactose from milk GlucoseFructose Monomer-simplest unit
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  • Example-Complex Complex = Disaccharides (C 12 H 24 O 12 ) two rings Sucrose = glucose & fructose Lactose = glucose & galactose Maltose = glucose & glucose SucroseLactose Polymer-larger units made of monomers
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  • Example-Very Complex Very Complex=Polysaccharides many rings Starch is stored in plants (grains & potatoes) Cellulose in plant cell walls & wood Glycogen stored in animal livers & muscles Cellulose Polymer-larger units made of monomers
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  • Lipids Structure: Elements-carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms CHO Subunits: glycerol and fatty acids (and sometimes a phosphate) Arranged in CHAINS Function: Better for storing energy-more bonds than carbohydrates.
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  • Lipid Types Examples: Fats = energy storage (cooking oil, butter) Steroids = hormones & cholesterol Waxes = protective coatings (ear wax and cuticle of plant leaves) Phospholipids = important component of the cell membrane
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  • Proteins Structure: Elements-carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms CHON Subunits: amino acids Functions: Structural proteins- building blocks of cells Globular proteins- Enzymes Messenger and transport proteins (cell membrane)
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  • There are 20 different types of amino acids and they can form new proteins based upon their order and the number of them present in a protein chain. Generalized Amino Acid
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  • Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA Structure: Elements-carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. CHONP Subunits: nucleotides Function: Control genetic information
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  • Types of Nucleic Acids There are two types of nucleic acids: a) DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) codes for genes b) RNA (ribonucleic acid) transfers information
  • Slide 19
  • Any Questions?

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