Resolución de aprobación: 0332 de marzo 8 de 2001

Códigos: ICFES 097050 DANE 170215000055 NIT: 800078203-6 Dirección: calle 27 N 20-52 Barrio San Francisco

Corozal-Sucre

MODULO DE INGLES

COMPILADOR: RAFAEL V. BUEVAS DORADO

LEVEL

10º - 11º

GRADE:

SUBJECT: ENGLISH

TIME: 18 PERIODS OF CLASS

EXPERIENCES.

This unit presents the required estrategies, activities, vocabulary and grammar examples to

talk about present, past and future events. Moreover you will find out the necessary elements

to express obligation, advice, suggestion, permission and so on.

In this unit, you will be able to:

• Express present, past and future ability.

• Talk abourt advice, suggestion, permission and obligation situations through the use of

the modal auxiliary verbs.

• Adquirie the sufficient vocabulary and cognitive structures to communicate yourselves

in a basic way taking in to account the studied subjects.

THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE.

REMEMBER.

Now. You will analize these models to understand this subject.

Para conjugar los verbos en tercera persona singular; es decir cuando el sujeto es He,

She o It.

1. Cuando el verbo termina en consonante, le agregamos una S.

Ejemplo:

He It She He She

Works runs Eats speaks Draws

2. Cuando el verbo termina en una Y antepuesta por una consonante, es necesario

cambiar la Y por IES

Use the present simple to talk about “all the time” and routines.

Ejemplo:

She It He She She

Cry=cries Fly= flies Dry: dries Try: tries draws

3. Cuando el verbo termina en O, SH, CH, SS, y X. es necesario que le agreguemos:

ES.

He She she He She

Goes washes catches catches misses

Excepción: TO HAVE: she-has; he-has.

Es importante aprender que para formar oraciones interrogativas y negativas, es

necesario la ayuda de un auxiliar. En el caso del presente simple, este auxiliar es el

verbo TO DO (DOES en 3ª persona singular).

ESTRUCTURAS.

(Sujeto + verbo + complemento)

(Sujeto + aux + neg + verbo +

complemento)

(aux + sujeto + verbo +

complemento)

afirmativa negativa interrogativa

I speak English well

I do not speak English well or don´t speak English well

Do I speak English well?

The children play in the park.

The children do not play in the park or The children don´t play in the park.

Do the children play in the park?

You go to school everday

You do not go to school everday or You don´t go to school everday

Do you go to school everday?

We live in a big house

We do not live in a big house or We don´t live in a big house.

Do we live in a big house

Michael works at a bank

Michael does not work at a bank or Michael doesn´t work at a bank.

Does Michael work at a bank

My sister has 2 children

My sister does not have 2 children or My sister doesn´t have 2 children

Does my sister have 2 children?

The service finishes at 12:30

It does not finsh at 12:30 or It doesn´t finish at 12:30 or

Does it finish at 12:30

READING

Mr. and Mrs. Di Carlo live in an old Italian neighborhood in New York City. They speak a little

English, but usually they speak Italian.

They read the Italian newspaper. They listen to Italian radio programs. They shop at the Italian

grocery store around the corner from their apartment building and every day they visit their

friends and neighbors and talk about life back in “the old country”.

Mr. and Mrs. Di Carlo are upset about their son Joe. He lives in a small suburb outside the city.

He speaks Italian, but usually He speaks English. He reads American newspapers. He listens

to American radio programs. He shops at big suburban supermarkets and shopping malls. And

when He visits his friends and neighbors, he always speaks English.

In fact, Joe speaks Italian only when He calls his parents on the telephone, or when He visits

them every weekend. Mr. and Mrs. Di Carlo are sad because their son speaks so little Italian.

They are afraid He is forgetting his language, his culture and his country.

� READING CHECK – UP

WHAT´S THE ANSWER?

1. Where do Mr. and Mrs. Di Carlo live?

2. Where does Joe live?

3. What language do Mr. and Mrs. Di Carlo usually speak?

4. What language does Joe usually speak?

5. What do Mr. and Mrs. Di Carlo read?

6. What does Joe read?

7. What do Mr. and Mrs. Di Carlo listen to?

8. What does Joe listen to?

9. Where do Mr. and Mrs. Di Carlo shop?

10. Where does Joe shop?

WHICH WORD IS CORRECT?

1. Mrs. DiCarlo ( read reads ) the Italian newspaper.

2. Mr. DiCarlo ( shop shops ) at the Italian grocery store.

3. They ( live lives ) in New York City.

4. Joe ( live lives ) outside the city.

5. He ( speak speaks ) English.

6. Mr. and Mrs. DiCarlo ( listen listens ) to the radio

7. They ( visit visits ) their friends every day.

8. Their friends ( talk talks ) about life back in “the old country”

9. Joe ( call calls ) his parents on the telephone.

10. Joe´s friends ( speak speaks) English.

Hesitating.

A. What do you do every day?

B. Hmm. Well…

I work, I read the newspaper, and I visit my friends.

Practice conversations with other students. Hesitate while you´re thinking of your answer.

HOW TO SAY IT ! .

THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE

Now, analize these structures to understand better this subject.

VERBOS REGULARES.

Para recordar….los siguientes son verbos regulares que encontramos continuamente, en

nuestra práctica. Ellos forman su pasado y participio agregando ed en todas las personas.

Escriba al frente de cada uno su significado y amplie la lista con otros conocidos por usted.

VERBO PASADO ESPAÑOL VERBO PASADO ESPAÑOL VERBO PASADO ESPAÑOL

Accept follow require

Amuse Help return

Announce interest seem

Answer interview show

Arrive invite sign

Ask jump skate

Believe Kill ski

Belong Kiss smoke

Call Like start

Cancel listen to stay

Carry Live stop

Change Look study

Check marry suggest

Clean need talk

Climb paint telephone

Confuse pass travel

Consider pick up trun off

Cook prefer try

Cry prepare turn on

Desig prevent use

Die provide wait

Discover Pull walk

Dress punish want

Enjoy push warn

Explain receive wash

Explore remain watch

Finish remember work

Fix Rent worry

REMEMBER

YOU USE PAST TENSE TO DESCRIBE PAST ACTIONS

AND ACTIVITIES

VERBOS REGULARES

1. Cuando el verbo termina en consonante, le agregamos ED. Ejemplo: l worked She learned We pushed They dreamed.

2. Cuando el verbo termina en e le agregamos D. Ejemplo: I moved They used.

3. Cuando el verbo termina en Y antepuesta por una consonante, es necesario cambiar la Y por IED.

Ejemplo: Cry: she cried dry: we dried try: they tried Cuando queramos formar oraciones negativas en el pasado simple, es necesario usar el

auxiliar DID. En este tipo de oraciones no es necesario

Conjugar los verbos. Las estructuras para el pasado simple son las siguientes:

ESTRUCTURAS

(Sujeto + verbo + complemento)

(Sujeto + aux + neg + verbo + complemento)

(aux + sujeto + verbo + complemento)

Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa

I learned english well

I did not learn English well I didn`t learn English well

Did I learn English well?

The children played in the park

The children did not play in the park The children didn`t play in the park

Did the children play in the park?

You went to school everyday

You did not go to school everyday didn`t go to school everyday

Did you go to school everyday?

We lived in a big house

We did not live in a big house We didn`t have in a big house

Did we live in a big house

Michael worked at a bank

Michael did not work at a bank Michael didn`t work at a bank

Did Michael work at a bank?

My sister had 2 children

My sister did not have 2 children My sister didn´t have 2 children.

Did my sister have 2 children?

It finished at 12:30

It did not finish at 12:30 It didn´t finish at 12:30

Did It finish at 12:30?

¿QUE HACER CON LOS VERBOS IRREGULARES?

MEMORIZARLOS ¡ ¡NO HAY DE OTRA!

VERBOS IRREGULARES.

La siguiente lista contiene los verbos irregulares más comunes, con sus

correspondientes formas de pasado y participio pasado.

Lista de los verbos irregulares en inglés

Presente Pasado Participio pasado Español

Arise arose Arisen levantarse, surgir, presentarse Awake awoke Awoken Despertarse be/am,are,is was/were Been ser, estar Bear bore Born Nacer Beat beat Beaten golpear, vencer, ganarle a Become became Become llegar a ser…, convertirse en… Bend bent Bent curvar, doblar Bet bet Bet Apostar Bind bound Bound atar, amarrar, vendar Bid bid Bid ofertar, pujar por algo Bite bit Bitten Morder Bleed bled Bled Sangrar Blow blew Blown Soplar Break broke Broken romper, partir, quebrar Breed bred Bred criar (animales) Bring brought brought Traer Build built Built construir, edificar Burn burnt burnt quemar, arder, incendiar Burst burst burst reventar, estallar, abrir de golpe Buy bought bought comprar Cast cast Cast lanzar, arrojar, tirar, echar Catch cought cought coger, agarrar, atrapar Come came Come Venir Cost cost Cost Costar Cut cut Cut Cortar choose chose chosen elegir, escoger Cling clung clung agarrarse, aferrarse, adherirse creep crept crept arrastrar, reptar, deslizar Deal dealt dealt tratar, acordar Dig dug Dug Cavar do/does did done hacer, preparar draw drew drawn dibujar, pintar, trazar dream dreamt dreamt Soñar drink drank drunk Beber drive drove driven conducir Eat ate eaten Comer Feed fed Fed alimentar Feel felt Felt Sentir Fight fought fought pelear, luchar Flee fled Fled huir de… Fly flew flown Volar forbid forbade forbidden prohibir forget forgot forgotten Olvidar forgive forgave forgiven perdonar, disculpar freeze froze frozen helar, congelar Get got gotten conseguir, obtener, lograr Give gave given Dar Go went gonne Ir grind ground ground moler, machacar Have had Had tener, haber, poseer

Hear heard heard escuchar, oir Hide hid hidden esconder, esconderse Hit hit hit golpear, vencer, ganarle a hold held held sujetar, agarrar, detener, soportar hurt hurt hurt h erir, lesionar, dañar keep kept kept guardar, mantener know knew known saber, conocer kneel knelt knelt Arrodillarse knit knit knit tejer, tricotar lead led led dirigir, guiar, llevar la delantera lean leant leant Apoyarse leap leapt leapt saltar, brincar learn learnt learnt Aprender leave left left dejar (abandonar) lend lent lent Prestar let let let dejar, permitir lie lay lain echarse, tenderse (acostarse) light lit lit encender, alumbrar, iluminar lose lost lost perder, extraviar make made made hacer, fabricar mean meant meant Significar meet met met conocerse, encontrarse mistake mistook mistaken equivocar, errar overcome overcame overcome Vencer pay paid Paid Pagar put put Put poner, colocar read read Read Leer ring rang Rang sonar, tocar, llamar por teléfono rise rose Risen elevarse, levantarse run ran Run Correr say said Said Decir see saw Seen Ver seek sought Sought Buscar sell sold Sold Vender set set Set poner, colocar sew sewed Sewn coser (una prenda de vestir) shake shooke shaken agitar, sacudir shear shore shorn Esquilar shine shone shone Brillar shoot shot shot disparar show showed shown mostrar, enseñar shrink shrank shrunk encoger shut shut shut cerrar sing sang sung cantar sink sank sunk hundirse sit sat sat sentarse sleep slept slept dormir slide slid slid deslizar, resbalar smell smelt smel olfatear, oler sow sowed sowed sembrar speak spoke spoken hablar spell spelt spelt deletrear

spend spent spent gastar speed sped sped acelerar spill spilt spilt derramar spin spun spun hilar spit spat spat Esculpir split split split dividir, partir, rajar spoil spoilt spoilt estropear, deteriorar spread spread spread extender, desplegar spring sprang sprung saltar stand stood stood estar de pie steal stole stolen robar, hurtar stick stuck stuck adherir, pegar, engomar sting stung stung picar (aguijón) stink stank stunk apestar, heder stride strode stridden dar zancadas strike struck struck pegarle a, chocar o dar contra… swear swore sworn jurar sweat sweat sweat sudar sweep swept swept barrer swell swellen swollen hinchar swim swam swom nadar swing swung swung balancear, columpiar take took taken tomar, coger teach taugh taugh educar, enseñar tear tore torn romper, rasgar tell told told decir, contar think thought thought pensar throw threw thrown lanzar, aventar, arrojar, tirar thrust thrust thrust empujar, introducir tread trod trodden pisar understand understood understood entender, comprender undergo underwent undergone sufrir undertake undertook undertaken asumir, contraer, emprender wake woke woken despertar, despertarse wear wore worn llevar puesto, usar weave wove woven tejer (en telar) weep wept wept sollozar wet wet wet mojar, humedecer win won won ganar wind wound wound ovillar, enrollar withdraw withdrew withdrawn retirar wring wrung wrung retorcer write wrote written escribir

APLIQUEMOS LO APRENDIDO.

1. Escriba el pasado de los siguientes verbos:

1. Give_________ 9. Win_________

2. Leave________ 10.Take________

3. Get__________ 11.Have_______

4. Speak________ 12. Go_________

5. Lose_________ 13. Do_________

6. Make________ 14. Buy________

7. Make________ 15. Drive_______

8. Come________.

Complete el siguiente texto con el pasado de los verbos en paréntesis usando el auxiliar DID cuando sea necesario.

Example: Leonardo Da Vinci lived (live) in Italy in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

He was a student in Florence where he _________(study) painting, sculpture and

design. He _________ (begin) a lot of paintings, but he________ (not finish) many of

them. His picture of the Mona Lisa is the most famous portrait in the world. Da

vinci__________(be) interested in many things. He________ (want) to know about

everthing he__________ (see). He ___________ (examine) the human body music.

He __________(think) that the sun_________(not go) around the earth. He

___________(write) music. He___________(desing) a flying machine 400 years

before the first one______(fly). Many people________(not understand) his ideas. It is

hard to believe that one man________(can) do so much.

What did they do yesterday?

1. cook

2. wash my car

3. fix my bicycle

4. brush my teeth

5. watch TV

6. type

7. dance

8. bake

9. clean

10. play the piano

11. yawn

12. listen to music

13. shave

14. smile

15 cry

16.study

17.shout

.18.rest

19.plant flowers

20.wait for the bus

READING

THE WILSONS´S PARTY

Mr. and Mrs. Wilson invited all their friends and

neighbors to a party last night. They stayed

home all day yesterday and prepared for the

party.

In the morning the Wilsons worked outside. Their

daughter, Margaret, cleaned the yard. Their son,

Bob, painted the fence. Mrs. Wilson planted

flowers in the garden, and Mr. Wilson fixed their

broken front steps.

In the afternoon the Wilson worked inside the house.

Margaret washed the floors and vacuumed the living

room carpet. Bob dusted the furniture and cleaned the

basement. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson stayed in the kitchen

all afternoon. He cooked spaghetti for dinner, and she

baked apple pies for dessert.

The Wilsons finished all their work at six o´clock. Their

house looked beautiful inside and out !

The Wilson´s guests arrived at about 7:30. After

they arrived, they all sat in the living room. They

ate cheese and crackers, drank lemonade, and

talked. Some people talked about the weather.

And EVERYBODY talked about how beautiful

the Wilsons´ house looked inside and out !.

The Wilsons served dinner in the dining room at

9:00. Everybody enjoyed the meal very much.

They liked Mr. Wilson´s spaghetti and they

“loved” Mrs. Wilson´s apple pie. In fact,

everybody asked for seconds.

After dinner everybody sat in the living room again.

First, Bob Wilson played the piano and his sister,

Margaret, sang. Then, Mr. and mrs. Wilson showed a

video of their trip to Hawaii. After that, they turned on

the music and everybody danced.

As you can see, the Wilson´s guests enjoyed the party

very much. In fact, nobody wanted to go home!

READING CHECK – UP.

WHAT´S THE ANSWER?

1. What dis Margaret and Bob Wilson do in the morning?

2. How did Mr. and Mrs. Wilson prepare for the party in the afternoon?

3. When did the guests arrive?

4. Where did the guests sit after they arrived?

5. What did they eat and drink before dinner?

6. What di Margaret do fter dinner?

7. What did Mr. and Mrs. Wilson do after dinner?

IN YOUR OWN WORDS FOR WRITING OR DISCUSSION.

A PARTY

Tell about a party you enjoyed.

What did you eat?

What did you drink?

What did people do at the party? (eat, dance, talk about…)

WHAT´S THE MATTER?

A. How does David feel?

B. Not so good.

A. What´s the matter?

B. He has a backache.

A. A backache? How did he get it?

B. He played basketball all day.

I We You work every day They He She works every day It

I We You They Worked yesterday He She It

Or: all morning/all afternoon/all evening/all night

____________________________________________________

FUTURE WITH GOING TO VS. FUTURE WITH WILL

REMEMBER

LOOK AT THE STRUCTURES

I. FUTURE WITH “GOING TO”

There are several forms to talk about the future in English. Their use depend on the

speaker´s intention (en inglés existen varias formas para referirse al futuro

dependiendo de la intención del hablante).

We can use verb BE and the expression “going to” to talk about decision on future

plans. The formation of sentences are as follows. (Se puede utilizar la expresión “going

WE USE FUTURE WITH WILL TO.

� Express future actions. � Express promises or future intentions. � Express predictions. � Express willingness, offers and suggestions.

WE USE FUTURE WITH BE GOING TO in order to express .

� Future plans and predictions.

“to” para hablar acerca de decisiones firmes sobre planes futuros. La formación de

oraciones es la siguiente):

AFFIRMATIVE : SUBJECT+VERB BE+GOING TO+MAIN VERB+ COMPLEMENT. Examples: We are going to visit some friends. Joan is going to travel to England.

NEGATIVE: SUBJECT+VERB BE+NOT+GOING TO+MAIN VERB+ COMPLEMENT. Examples: I am not going to do anything special. Sandra is not going to leave them on their own.

INTERROGATIVE: VERB BE+SUBJECT+GOING TO+MAIN VERB+ COMPLEMENT. Examples: Are you going to come back on Saturday? Is Fanny going to travel by plane?

La interpretación en español de estas oraciones es generalmente como “IR A”, es decir:

I am not going to do anything special (yo no voy a hacer nada especial)

Joan is going to travel to England (Joan va a viajar a Inglaterra)

EXERCISES. EXERCISE ONE.

Based on the chart below write sentences about carts races for the next year.

Example: The first race is going to take place on March 10th in Monterrey, Mexico.

Mar 10 Monterrey, Mexico Apr 14 Long Beach, CA, USA Apr 27 Motegi, Japan Jun 2 West Allis, WI, USA Jun 9 Monterrey, CA, USA Jun 16 Portland, OR, USA. Jul 7 Toronto, ON, CAN Jul 14 Cleveland, OH, USA Jul 28 Vancouver, BC, CAN Aug 11 Lexington, OH, USA Aug 18 Elkhart lake, WI, USA Aug 25 Montreal, CAN Sep 1 Denver, USA Sep 14 Corby, UK Sep 21 Lausitz, Germany Oct 13 Mexico, City, Mexico Oct 27 Queensland, Aus Nov 3 Fontana, CA, USA

Write ten additional sentences. 1. 6. 2. 7. 3. 8. 4. 9. 5. 10.

EXERCISE

Based on the staternents, write what the Ramirez are and aren´t going to do next

holidays:

Example: Statement: Mr. Ramirez bought some airplane tickets to Cartagena for the

family.

The Ramirez are going to travel to Cartagena

1. Mrs. Ramirez bought a lot sun tan lotion. 2. Fanny packed her swimming suits. 3. Teddy packed his scuba diving equipment. 4. Mr. Ramirez didn´t pack any books. 5. Fanny packed her video camera. 6. Teddy didn´t pack his photo camera.

EXERSICE THREE

Dr. Daniels checked his diary and decided what he is going to do next week. He ticked the things he is going to do and he crossed out the things he is not going to do. Write ten appropriate sentences:

Example: He is not going to have breakfast at the club on Monday.

Monday : 7:00 a.m Breakfast at the club. 9:30-12:00 Ward round at central Hospital. 1:00 p.m. Lunch at home.

Friday 8:00 p.m. Dinner with the Robinsons.

Tuesday 2:30 p.m. Chart conference at Central Hospital. 7:00 – 10:00 p.m AMA´s Cocktail

Saturday 10:30 a.m Trip to the country side.

Wednesday 8:00 a.m Meeting with Dr. cage. 7:00 p.m Dinner at Esteban´s.

Sunday 6:00 p.m. Meeting Dine at the airport.

Thursday. 9:30 a.m – 2:00 p.m.Seminar on Pathology

1. 6.

2. 7.

3. 8.

4. 9.

5. 10.

II. FUTURE WITH “WILL” We can use “will” to express possible future actions. It´s the form used when a decision

on future plans has not been taken or for spontaneous answers on the future. (se usa

“will” para hablar acerca de posibilidades de actividades futuras. Es la forma utilizada

cuando no se han formado decisiones acerca de planes futuros o para respuestas

espontaneas sobre el futuro. La formacion de oraciones es la siguiente)

AFFIRMATIVE : SUBJECT+WILL+MAIN VERB+COMPLEMENT.

Example: I will stay here.

NEGATIVE: SUBJECT+WILL+NOT+MAIN VERB+ COMPLEMENT.

Example: It will not be the same

Will + not = won´t

INTERROGATIVE: WILL+SUBJECT+MAIN VERB+ COMPLEMENT?

Example: Will things be very different?

CONTRACTIONS

Affirmative: Negative:

I´ll I Will will + not won´t

You´ll You will

He´ll He will

She´ll She will

It´ll It will

We´ll We will

They´ll They will

In future sentences with “WILL” we frequently use expressions like “perhaps” or “maybe”

interpretadas en español como quizás, tal vez o de pronto)

Example: A: What are you going to do tonight?

B: I don´t know. Maybe, I will go to the concert.

“La interpretación en Español de estas oraciones se pueden hacer con “ir a” al igual que con

going to:

I will stay here (Me voy a quedar aquí)

EXERCISE

Omar is not sure about his future activities. Write his possibles answer to these questions.

Use the key words in brackets and start with “I don´t know yet´ + probably, perhaps or

maybe:

Example: A. What are you going to do next vacation? (Perhaps/stay here)

Omar: I don´t know yet. Perhaps I´II stay here

1. What are you going to do when you graduate? (study abroad)

_____________________________________________________________.

2. Where are you going to live next year? (live in this city)

_____________________________________________________________.

3. Where are you going to spend next Christmas? (go to my parent´s)

______________________________________________________________.

4. What are you going to do this weekend (see a film)

______________________________________________________________.

5. What are you going to do next summer? (go camping).

______________________________________________________________.

EXERCISE FIVE

These people decided to go to a ski resort in France next winter. Look at the following table

and write appropriate sentences:

Example: Phil is going to go ice climbing.

Gus is not going to go ice climbing.

Probably Manuel will go ice climbing.

ICE CLIMBING GO TO A WINE TESTING IN AN IGLOO

LEARN TO DRIVE A SNOWCAT

GO ALPINE SKIING

GO CROSS COUNTRY SKIING

GO SKATING

PHIL + + ? + - - GUS - ?- + + - + MANUEL ? + - - + ?-

+ = Yes

- = NO

? = PROBABLY

?- = PROBABLY NOT.

1. 6.

2. 7.

3. 8.

4. 9.

5. 10.

WHAT ARE THEY GOING TO DO TOMORROW?

A. What´s Fred going to do tomorrow?

B. He´s going to fix his car

am I

he

is she going to do?

What it

we

are you

they

(I am) I´m

(He is) He´s

(she is) She´s going to read?

(It is) It´s

(We are) We´re

(You are) You´re

(They are) They´re

WHAT´S THE FORECAST?

A. What are you going to do tomorrow? B. I don´t know. I want to go swimming, but. I think the weather is going to be bad. A. Really? What´s the forecast? B. The radio says it´s going to rain. A. That´s strange!. According to the newspaper, it´s going to be sunny. B. I hope you´re right. I REALLY want to go swimming.

Discuss in class: What´s the weather today? What´s the weather forecast for tomorrow?

I

We

You want to

They study

He

She wants to

It

WILL THE TRAIN ARRIVE SOON?

A. Will the train arrive soon? B. Yes, it will. It´ll arrive in five minutes.

(I will) I´ll

(He will) He´ll

(she will) She´ll

(It will) It´ll work

(We will) We´ll

(You will) You´ll

(They will) They´ll

Will he work?

Yes, he will

WHAT DO YOU THINK?

I

He

She

It will work

We

You

They

I

He

She

It won´t work, (will not)

We

You

They

I CAN´T WAIT FOR SPRING TO COME!

I´m tired of winter. I´m tired of snow. I´m tired of cold weather, and I´m sick and tired of winter coats and boots! Just think! In a few more weeks it won´t be winter any more. It´ll be spring. The weather won´t be cold. It´ll be warm. It won´t snow any more. It´ll be sunny. I won´t have to stay indoors any more. I´ll go outside and play with mi friends. We´ll ride bicycles and play baseball again.

In a few more weeks our neighborhood won´t look sad and gray any more. The flowers will bloom, and the trees will become green again. My family will spend more time outdoors. My father will work in the yard. He´ll cut the grass and paint the fence. My mother will work in the yard, too. She´ll buy new flowers and plant them in the garden. On weekends we won´t just sit in the living room and watch TV. We´ll go for walks in the park, and we´ll have picnics on Sunday afternoons.

I can´t wait for spring to come! Hurry, spring!.

READING CHECK-UP TRUE, FALSE, OR MAYBE? Answer True, False, or Maybe (if the answer isn´t i n the story).

1. It´s spring. 2. The boy in the story likes to go outside during the

spring. 3. The boy has a cold. 4. The trees are green now. 5. The park is near their house. 6. The boy plays baseball with his friends all year. 7. The family has a TV in their living room. 8. The boy´s family doesn´t like winter.

MODAL AUXILIARY YERBS VEAMOS LOS VERBOS MODALES AUXILIARES

Estos verbos tienen un amplio rango de significados como habilidad, posibilidad, probabilidad, etc. La mayoría de ellos tiene más de un significado. No se ven afectados por la tercera persona, excepto “have to” que toma la forma “has to”. El verbo principal de la oración debe ir en infinitivo.

� Can (poder) • Expresa habilidad. Ej. I can play soccer very well (puedo jugar futbol muy bien) • En su forma negativa puede expresar imposi-bilidad. Ej: It can´t be the truth! Is that your mom? • Puede ser usado para pedir permiso, pero es menos formal. Ej: can I take the car tonight, dad?

� Could (poder en pasado) • Es usado para pedir permiso o ayuda de una manera formal. Ej: Could you please answer the phone? (podrías contestar el teléfono?) • Expresa habilidad en el pasado. Ej: I could kiss my foot when I was two years old. • También puede expresar posibilidad. Ej: She could be sad.

� May (poder ser, ser posible) • Es usado para pedir permiso. Ej: Excuse me …may I use your bathroom? (disculpe, puedo usar su baño?) • También se usa como posibilidad. Ej: I may go to the party .

� Might (ser posible) Expresa posibilidad en el presente Ej: It migth be wrong, beware! (puede ser un error, ten cuidado) Expresa posibilidad en el futuro. Ej: He migth win the presidence next year . El pasado se construye con el auxiliary “have” despues del modal y el verbo principal en participio pasado, indica posibilidad en el pasado. Ej: He migth have missed the bus. � Should (deber) • Es usado para dar un consejo. Ej: You should save some money for your trip. (deberías ahorrar para tu viaje) • Expresa una buena idea. Ej: she should visit her father before the millennium.

El pasado se construye con el auxiliary “have” después del modal y el verbo principal en participio pasado. Indica un deber que no se hizo. Ej: He should have been ready to go when his parents came to pick him up, but he wasn´t.

� Have to (tener que) Expresa necesidad Ej: Do I have to pay firts ? (tengo que pagar primero?) Expresa un deber Ej: You have to attend all your classes.

� Must (Deber) Expresa probabilidad Ej: It must be a good business…I´ll take the risk ! (Debe ser un buen negocio; me arriesgaré ) Es usado para hablar de una obligación Ej: You must respect your parents . En forma negativa, expresa una prohibición Ej: you mustn`t talk to strangers El pasado se construye con el auxiliar “have” después del modal, y el verbo principal en participio pasado. Indica probabilidad en el pasado. Ej The cashier must have made a mistake with my change, cause a Candy can`t cost $ 10.000

� Would (pasado de will_) Es usado para hacer un ofrecimiento Ej: Would you like to go with me to the party ? ( Te gustaría conmigo a la fiesta?) También puede expresar una hipótesis Ej: John and Mary would never get married ! Puede ser usado para hacer una solicitud Ej: Would you send me the e-mail tonight ? Se utiliza en expresiones educadas, formales Ej: It would be a pleasure for me.

________________ APLIQUEMOS LO APRENDIDO

1. Use could or couldn`t para expresar una habilidad ya pasada. Complete los enunciados.

A. When I was a child,_____________________________________________________

B. When I was in primary school, I:____________________________________________

C. Four years go, I________________________________________________________

D. When I was 14 years old, I_______________________________________________

E. When I was one year old______________________________________________

2. Para pedir permiso use CAN, MAY y COULD. Complete los siguiente diálogos

A. Mum,__________ we have a cookie? B. Yes, boy, you _________have one after lunch C. Hello? D. Thanks, I Mary home? A. Yes, she is D_______ I talk to her? C. Sure S. Mr. Smith, ________I use your pen for a moment? M. sure. Go ahead. S: Thanks. It´s really hot in here. P: Jane_______I use your pen for a moment? D: All right. No problem. P: Thanks

3. Haga oraciones con los verbos auxiliares May, might, Maybe, may not, might not.

Expresar posibilidad

A. Susan didn´t come to class today maybe. Maybe, She´s sick_____

B. It´s been raining all day_______________________________________________

C. My husband / wife isn´t home yet. We planned to meet at 9:00 p.m. and it is already

11:00 p.m.__________________________________________________________.

D. The party´s already started, but my best friend hastn´t arrived__________________.

E. You´re home. It´s late. You hear a noise___________________________________.

F. You look at your little sister and wonder what she´s going to be when she grows

up________________________________________________________________

4. Cuál es la pregunta más cortes en cada situación?

Polite questions.

A. It´s hot. ____Will you please open the door for me?

B. I´m carrying a suitcase. ____Can you turn the music down?

C. I don´t have change. ____Would you please answer it for me?

D. I can´t answer the phone. ____Could you please help me to find this address?

E. The music is too loud. ____Would you please loan me a quarter?

F. I´m lost. ____Could you turn on the A.C?

WOULD.

Meaning : potential or conditional action, unreal fact. (Expresa acción potencial,

condicional o hecho irreal).

Tense : Future (future)

Version In Spanish: para interpretar en español, al verbo que acompaña a WOULD se

le agrega terminación IA. Ejemplo: would like: gust aria, would go: iría, would be: sería

o estaría, etc.

The formation of the sentences with modal verbs is the following: (La formación de

oraciones con verbo modal es de la siguiente manera (The formation of sentences with

modal verbs is the following):

AFFIRMATIVE FORM.

SUBJECT MODAL VERB MAIN VERB COMPLEMENT

I

You

He

She Can

It Could Swin Very well

We

You

They.

Note: the modal verb doesn´t change with any subject, it is the same form.

Nota: El verbo modal no cambia con ningún sujeto, la misma forma se aplica para todos.

NEGATIVE FORM.

SUBJECT MODAL VERB+NOT MAIN VERB COMPLEMENT

I

You Can not

He (can´t)

She Could not

It (couldn´t) do the exercises

We Would not

You (Would not)

They.

INTERROGATIVE FORM

(WH WORD) MODAL VERB SUBJECT MAIN VERB COMPLEMENT?

Who I

What You

When Can He

Where Could She Visit ….?

How Would It

What time We

(etc) You

They

EXERSICES

EXERSICES ONE.

Match the questions with their corresponding answers. Write the number of the question in the parenthesis on the right. Number one is already done for you. QUESTIONS ANSWERS

1. How can I get to Miami? ( 3 ) In Cartagena

2. What can you see in museum? ( ) With very pleasure

3. Where would you like to live? ( ) yes, I could.

4. Could you ride on a bike whe you were a child ( ) On vacation a child

5. When can you rest a lot? ( ) a lot of pmtures.

6. How much coffe would you kike ( ) By plane

7. Could you help me? ( ) just a litle

EXERCISE TWO

Complete the conversations with the appropriate verb: CAN, CAN´T, COULD,

COULDN´T, WOULD, WOULDN´T . Number one is already done for you.

1. A: What would you like to order? B: I would like chicken and chips.

2. A: I ______understand this exercise ___________you explain it to me? B: Of course.

3. A: I______ like to buy this jacket. B: Sorry, but we________ accept credit cards.

4. A: Sorry. I_________ meet you yesterday. B:__________you tell me what happened?

READING

1. Chimpanzees are members of the ape family. Wild chimps live in families and teach their

children what they can eat and where they can find food. Some scientists think that

chimpanzees are the most intelligent animals on earth. Zoologists who have studied

chimpanzees in their native territories have listed about twenty different sounds mean but

they realize that the chimps can communicate with each other.

2. Jane Goodall, and English scientist, lived with wild chimps in Africa for several years. She

discovered that they could make and use tools to catch insects that they liked to eat. A

Russian women, Nadezhda Kohts, lived with a baby chimp in her home for three years,

the little chimp could understand what she said to him but he could never repeat what he

heard.

3. In 1931, Gua, a female baby chimp went to live with the kelloggs. Donald, the kelloggs´

baby and Gua were about the same age and they played together but only Donald learned

to speak, Gua could express what she wanted to say by using gestures. Cathy Hayes

and her husband, a psychologist studied the latest teaching methods and they thought

they could teach a fernale chimp Viky to speak. After methods and they thought they

could teach a fernale chimp Viky to speak. After many years Viky learned to say “mama”,

“papa” and “cup” but she couldn´t understand what the words meant.

4. Beatrice and Allen Gadner taught their chimp Washoe to communicate with American

Sign Lenguaje. When Washoe was four years old, she could use a vocabulary of 130

signs. Many scientist are still working with chimpanzees but no one knows how much we

can learn from chimpanzees.

EXERCISE ONE

Read the text carefully and select the best title you would give to it. Write X on the letter that corresponds to the option. A. Can chimps communicate each other? B. Can chimps learn a human language? C. Can chimps communicate with children?

READY STRATEGY: TOPIC OF A PARAGRAPH Topic is the theme a paragraph deals with. You can give the topic of the paragraph by writing it with a word or an expression related to the content of the paragraph. (Tópico es el tema del cual trata un párrafo. Usted puede dar el tópico de un párrafo escribiendo una palabra o una expresión relacionada con su contenido)

EVALUACION.

PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE.

Write the correct form of the verb in each sentence.

1. John_____________________________(play / plays) soccer.

2. They _____________________________(don´t/doesn´t) study after school.

3. We ______________________________(take/takes) the metro to the office every day.

4. What_____________________________(do/does) you want to study.

5. On Tuesday, I______________________(go/goes) to the mall.

6. Terry _____________________________(play/plays) soccer, he______________(practice/practices)

7. _________________________(Do/Does) Lucy ride her bike to school, or__________(do/does) she take the bus?

8. On Sunday, he_____________________(don´t/doesn´t) read the the newspaper.

9. Where____________________________(do/does) they work?

10. How______________________________(do/does) you spell your name?

Make questions with the word groups, using (do) or (does).

1. (Where/she/live)___________________________________________________?.

2. (When/you/play/soccer)_____________________________________________?.

3. (What/he/eat/for/lunch)______________________________________________?.

4. (When/they/come/home/from/school)___________________________________?.

5. (She/want/to/work/in/the/office)________________________________________?

6. (Your/mother/take/you/to/school)_______________________________________?

7. (What/time/you/get/up)_______________________________________________?

8. (Where/your/father/work)______________________________________________?

9. (Julia/live/in/Colorado)________________________________________________?

10. (How/Juan/and/David/go/to/school)______________________________________?

PAST TENSE – IRREGULAR VERBS – NEGATIVE & AFFIRMATI VE

Complete the sentences below using the example given.

Ex. Bill usually eats cereal for breakfast. He didn´t eat cereal yesterday. He ate toast.

1. Ben usually gets up at 7:00 He_________________ at 7:00 yesterday. He _____________________at 8:00

2. Ben usually takes a shower. He_________________ a shower yesterday. He ___________________a bath.

3. Ben usually reads the Times newspaper. He _________________ the Times yesterday. He _________________the Post.

4. Ben usually leaves the house at 8:00 He__________________ the house at 8:00. He_____________________ at 9:00

5. Ben usually takes a bus to work. He _________________a bus yesterday. He_______________________ a taxi

6. Ben usually meets his boss in the morning. He____________ his boss in the morning yesterday. He___________ him in the afternoon.

7. Ben usually writes 10 letters every morning. He_________________ write 10 letters yesterday. He ________________5 letters.

8. Ben usually eats lunch in the office. He___________ lunch in the office yesterday. He _____________ lunch in a restaurant.

9. Ben usually has a lot of appointments every day. He____________ a lot of appointments yesterday. He only_________ a few.

10. Ben usually goes home at 6:00. He____________ home at 6:00 yesterday. He___________ home at 7:00.

FUTURE WITH GOING TO

Complete the conversation using the prompts.

ROSIE: Hi sara! (1)_________________(you/be at the barbecue tonight?)

SARA: Yes, I am.

ROSIE: What (2)____________________(you/wear?)

SARA: I don´t know. What about you?

ROSIE: (3)__________________(I/wear my summer dress)

SARA: Is Anita coming?

ROSIE: I think so. (4)_____________(I/send her a message) and check.

SARA: (5)____________________(Steve/be there?)

ROSIE: Yes, he is.

SARA: Good. I have to go now. I´ll see you at the barbecue.

ROSIE: Ok. What (6)________________(you/to do now?)

SARA: (7)_____________________(I/get ready). I want to wash my hair.

ROSIE: Ok. (8)_________________(I/do my homework). I´ll see you later.

SARA: Bye.

FUTURE: WILL.

1. Write positive or negative sentences about Mary, Rob, Pat and Paul MARY ROB PAT AND PAUL Be a pilot

� X X

Wear a uniform

X � X

Work at night

� � X

Read a book

� � �

Drive a car

X � �

Make beds

� X X

Study Maths

X X �

Travel a lot

� � �

Sleep only four hours

X X X

Do homework

X � X

EXAMPLE : Mary will be a pilot. Rob won´t be a pilot. Pat and Paul won´t be pilots. a. _________________________________________________________________.

b. _________________________________________________________________.

c. _________________________________________________________________.

d. _________________________________________________________________.

e. _________________________________________________________________.

f. _________________________________________________________________.

g. _________________________________________________________________.

h. _________________________________________________________________.

i. _________________________________________________________________.

2. Make questions with “Do you think…? ” and then answer them about you.

a. What time/get home tonight?

What time do you think you will get home tonight? .About half past ten.

b. Have a bath tonight?

______________________________________________________________.

c. How long/the film last?

______________________________________________________________.

d. What time/go to bed?

______________________________________________________________.

e. Go on holiday next year?

______________________________________________________________.

f. Listen to music this afternoon?

______________________________________________________________.

g. Read a newspaper this week?

______________________________________________________________.

h. Spain/win the football championship?

______________________________________________________________.

i. What time/eat in the evening?

______________________________________________________________.

j. How long/study for your next exam?

______________________________________________________________.

Worksheet: Modal Verbs for Expressing Obligation.

Directions: write the missing word in each sentence. Choose from the modal verbs in the

box below.

1. You ________________borrow the books in this section of the library

2. To apply for financial aid, you_____________ fill out an application form.

3. We__________________ need to get some milk on the way home.

4. Students_____________________ stay home if they have the flu.

Will must should can may could might

5. You_____________________ leave your coats on the bed in the other room.

6. You ______________________clean up your room before you go outside.

7. He_____________ __________take a biology class in the spring.

8. I think you_________________ wear your blue shirt with those pants.

9. You ______________________fix those shoes with some shoe glue.

10. You______________________ want to try on some of the salad.

11. You______________________ check to see if that book is available on – line.

12. You______________________ make a copy of this document.

13. You______________________ be nice to your little brother.

14. You______________________ have automobile insurance to drive a car in California.