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Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment(PPE)(PPE)

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and clothing is designed to protect the employee from chemical or physical hazards.– All other safety precautions must be in effect

where possible before PPE is used.• Elimination Substitution• Engineering Controls Administration Controls• PPE

– Last effort to protect from exposure

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• Selection, Fit and Adjustment– Determine necessary PPE– Pre-job planning– Site specific orientation– Supervisor– SDS– Container labels

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• Selection, Fit and Adjustment– Meet ANSI requirements– Inspect– Check PPE for

• Fit• Construction• Operation

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Selection, Fit and Adjustment– Employers Responsibilities

• Specify appropriate PPE• Train on proper usage

– Employees Responsibilities• Don and use correctly• Care for PPE• Be aware of limitations• Wear even if it takes more time

Person Protective Equipment (PPE)Person Protective Equipment (PPE)

Work Clothes/Personal Protective Equipment– It is important to choose PPE that fits you

properly: size, weight, shape and type for the job.– If you have a change in body type that would

potentially cause your PPE to not fit properly, contact your supervisor immediately.

– PPE should be inspected on a regular basis and replaced when damaged or worn.

Head Protection – Head Protection – Hard Hat/Safety HelmetHard Hat/Safety Helmet

• Anyone working or standing in the perimeter of identified hazardous areas is required to wear a hard hat at all times.

• Hard hats must meet ANSI Z 89.1 and OSHA standards as applicable.

• The hat cannot be altered in any way such as carving, holes or removing parts.

Head Protection – Head Protection – Hard Hat/Safety HelmetHard Hat/Safety Helmet

• Hard hats must be plastic and not metal.• Hats and liners are to be:

– Washed periodically with soapy water.– Inspected before each use.– Replaced as needed.

Head Protection – Head Protection – Hard Hat/Safety HelmetHard Hat/Safety Helmet

• The hard hat liner is the suspension system. • Adjust so there is a one-inch gap between

the hard hat liner and the hard hat.• The hat should fit comfortably and securely

to the head.• If a hard hat cap is worn,

the bill must face the front.

Eye Protection - Eye Protection - Goggles & Face ShieldsGoggles & Face Shields

• All employees shall use approved eye or face protection (ANSI Z-87) when working on equipment when in areas identified as hazardous.

• Employees who wear prescription lenses shall wear eye protection that incorporates the prescription in the design, or over-the-glasses protective wear. (ANSI Z-87.1)

Eye Protection - Eye Protection - Goggles & Face ShieldsGoggles & Face Shields

• When supervising, helping or performing welding operations, all filter lenses must meet the requirements of OSHA 29 CFR 1910.133.

• Contact lenses must be soft or gas permeable.

Eye Protection - Eye Protection - Goggles & Face ShieldsGoggles & Face Shields

• Face shields should be worn if greater protection from splashes and flying debris is needed.

• Face shields must be worn with safety glasses or goggles.

Eye Protection - Eye Protection - Goggles & Face ShieldsGoggles & Face Shields

• Safety glasses and face shields shall be worn when:– Pouring a rope socket– Power washing– Grinding– Chipping– Performing any function with

the potential for flying debris.

Eye Protection - Eye Protection - Goggles & Face ShieldsGoggles & Face Shields

• Safety goggles are required to be available on location at all times.

• Check for cracks, scratches and other impairments that may affect performance.

Hand Protection - Hand Protection - GlovesGloves

• The selection of hand protection shall be based on:– A hazard assessment– Conditions present– Duration of exposure– Potential hazard– Glove material– Company policy– SDS

Hand Protection - Hand Protection - Gloves, Etc.Gloves, Etc.

• Make sure there is no skin exposed between the glove and sleeve when working with chemicals.

• Caution should be taken when wearing gloves around rotating and moving equipment.

• Barrier creams are not considered adequate hand protection.

Foot Protection - Foot Protection - Safety Toed BootsSafety Toed Boots

• Safety-toed boots are required to be worn in the shop, yard and all field locations.

• Boots must have a safety cap and non-skid soles and must meet ANSI Z-41.

• Boots must be in good condition and have a well defined heel.

Hearing ProtectionHearing Protection

– Employees working in areas where the noise level exceeds 85 decibels are required to wear hearing protection.

– Hearing protection must meet the Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) specified by ANSI.

– Earplugs can be reusable or disposable.

– Most importantly they need to be properly cleaned and stored.

Hearing ProtectionHearing Protection

– Always wash your hands before inserting earplugs.

– A tight protective seal is needed so insert the earplug well into the ear.

– Earmuffs also protect your hearing and can be worn apart from the hard hat or attached to it.

– Earplugs and ear muffs may be worn together to provide double hearing protection.

Clothing and JewelryClothing and Jewelry

• Some companies require Fire Retardant Clothing (FRC) based upon the hazards which exist on location.

• Close-fitting cotton or wool clothing is suggested.

• Do not wear baggy or worn clothing.

Clothing and JewelryClothing and Jewelry

• Long hair should be tied up and secured under the hard hat.

• Well-servicing and other workers should never wear rings, watches, and other jewelry that could catch on tools or machinery or conduct electricity.

Respiratory ProtectionRespiratory Protection

• Necessary for environments • That contain respiratory hazards• That potentially contain respiratory hazards • That cannot be controlled by other means

Respiratory ProtectionRespiratory Protection

• Requirements for respirator uses:– Medical questionnaire– Fit Testing on the Make, Model and Size of

respirator you will be wearing – Respiratory protection training– IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life/Health)

environments require quantitative fit testing

Respiratory ProtectionRespiratory Protection

• Types of Respirators – Air-purifying (APR)– Supplied-Air (SAR)

Respiratory ProtectionRespiratory Protection

• Air-purifying Respirator – Filters existing air– Does not supply air or oxygen– Match cartridge for environment– Not for oxygen deficient environments

Respiratory ProtectionRespiratory Protection

Supplied Air Respirator •Hoseline

– Uses regulator– Connected to Grade D Air

» Cascade system or air compressor

•Self-contained breathing apparatus– Fully self-contained unit

•SCBAs and SARS– Only type for IDLH environments

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• If you cannot eliminate or control the hazard, protect yourself with PPE.

• Remember that PPE does not remove the risk, it lessens the impact of the risk.

Job Safety AnalysisJob Safety Analysis

Job Safety Analysis (JSA)Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

• JSA’s must be in place to ensure workers have the skills to identify, understand and mitigate hazards to ensure tasks are completed safely.

• Processes to monitor do not need to require a lot of time or paperwork.

• Take a few minutes before each significant task to evaluate the situation.

Job Safety Analysis (JSA)Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

• There are multiple formats to achieve this process including but not limited to JSA, JSEA, JHA, JRA. It is important that you understand your specific companies requirement for this tool.

• The purpose of the JSA is to create a communication between all the participants in the job task as to the hazards and mitigation associated with that task. It is every participants role and responsibility to participate in the JSA process.

Job Safety Analysis (JSA)Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

• Steps of a JSA– Write down the steps of the task. – Determine where a change in activity, change in

direction or movement takes place.– Identify hazard and mitigate it if possible.– Recommend actions for hazard mitigation and

control measures.

Job Safety Analysis (JSA)Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

• Control measures may include:– Engineering controls such as mechanical

assistance, equipment redesign, housekeeping or ventilation.

– Administrative controls such as training, hazardous energy control, or changing how the task is completed.

– Personal Protective Equipment such as respiratory equipment, hearing protection or clothing.

Job Safety Analysis (JSA)Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

• Develop a worksite diagram that includes identified hazards and evacuation routes, and assembly area.

• Conduct a tailgate safety meeting with affected parties.

• Use the Stop Work Authority when work deviates from the analysis document.

• The recommended time to conduct a JSA is before beginning any new work.

• The JSA must be updated for any change in scope of the work

Simultaneous OperationsSimultaneous Operations

Simultaneous OperationsSimultaneous Operations

• When simultaneous operations are going on, you must be aware of all the hazards that could potentially affect your safety and the safety of others.

• Examples of simultaneous operations would be drilling and wire line or drilling and cementing being done at the same time.

• Good communication is critical to avoid accidents.

Hazard CommunicationHazard Communication(Right to Know Standard)(Right to Know Standard)

Hazard CommunicationHazard Communication

• There are two basic types of chemical hazards the regulation applies to – Health and Physical.

Hazard CommunicationHazard Communication

• The “Right to Know” standard is important so that you may protect yourself from chemical hazard injury

• Chemicals are present in all aspects of our lives, home and work.

• Chemicals present a hazard when they are not properly used, stored, labeled, mixed and handled.

Hazard CommunicationHazard Communication

• Evaluation of all chemicals• Written HCS program• Chemical Inventory• Safety data sheets (SDS)• Labeling• Employee training and compliance

Hazard CommunicationHazard Communication

• US aligns with GHS• GHS

– International approach to hazard communication– Consistent standards– Includes all hazardous chemicals– Foundation for

• Safe use of chemicals• Risk management systems• Hazard communication

Hazard CommunicationHazard Communication

• GHS provides standardization through• Detailed criteria for hazard determination• Standardized label elements• Harmonized SDS format

Hazard CommunicationHazard Communication

• Three areas of change– Hazard classification– Labels– SDSs

Hazard CommunicationHazard Communication

• Labels– Communicate hazards of a substance or chemical– Product warning label carried from point of

transfer to workplace– Consists of

• Colors• Shapes• Numerals• Terms

Hazard CommunicationHazard Communication

• Warning labels must:– Be consistent with HCS– Not conflict with hazard warnings and pictograms– Identify the chemical– Provide name and address of manufacturer– List appropriate hazard warnings– Be legible– Be written in English

Hazard CommunicationHazard Communication

Labels•Information provided on labels

– Product Identifier– Supplier information– Pictograms and symbolic labels– Signal words– Hazard statements– Precautionary statements

Hazard CommunicationHazard Communication

Hazard CommunicationHazard Communication

Labels•Pictograms

– Symbol plus graphic elements– Convey information about the hazards

•Convey– Physical hazards– Health hazards– Environmental hazards

Exclamation MarkSkin & Eye IrritantDermal SensitizerAcute Toxicity (harmful)Transient Target Organ EffectsHarmful to Ozone Layer

(not mandatory)

Flame

Skull & Crossbones

FlammableSelf ReactivePyrophoricSelf-HeatingEmits Flammable GasOrganic Peroxides

Acute Toxicity(Fatal or toxic)

Hazard Communication – Hazard Communication – Label PictogramsLabel Pictograms

Exploding Bomb

Gas Cylinder

Health HazardExplosivesSelf ReactiveOrganic Peroxide

Gases Under Pressure

CarcinogenicityRespiratory SensitizerReproductive ToxicityTarget Organ ToxicityMutagenicityAspiration Toxicity

Hazard Communication – Hazard Communication – Label PictogramsLabel Pictograms

Environment

Chemicals that effect environment

Flame over Circle

CorrosionOxidizers

Corrosive

(Not required by OSHA, but is required by EPA)

Hazard Communication – Hazard Communication – Label PictogramsLabel Pictograms

Hazard CommunicationHazard Communication

Containers may have one or a combination of hazard rating systems in addition to the required GHS label. •National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)•Hazardous Material Information System (HMIS)

Hazard CommunicationHazard Communication

• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

• NFPA Label 704 uses numbers to determine degree of hazard and colors to indicate type of hazard

Hazard CommunicationHazard Communication

Hazardous Material Information System (HMIS)

Hazard CommunicationHazard Communication

• DOT Placards– Diamond shaped warning signs– Numbers at base indicate DOT hazardous

material class

SDS – Safety Data Sheet

Hazard CommunicationHazard Communication

• Identification• Hazard(s) Identification• Composition/Ingredient

Information• First-Aid Measures• Fire-Fighting Measures• Accidental Release

Measures• Handling and Storage• Exposure Control / Personal

Protection

• Physical & Chemical Properties

• Stability & Reactivity• Toxicological Information• Ecological Information• Disposal Considerations• Transport Information• Regulatory Information• Other Information

Hazard CommunicationHazard Communication

Safety Data Sheets•Maintained in binder•Located where chemical is used

Hazard CommunicationHazard Communication

• Chemical Inventory– Up-to-date inventory– Each chemical must have SDS– Employees trained

• Use inventory list• Identify chemicals

Hazard CommunicationHazard Communication

Training Requirements•Part of orientation process•New physical or health hazards•Determine presence of release

– What hazards are presented– How to protect yourself

Accident PreventionAccident PreventionSigns and TagsSigns and Tags

Accident Prevention Signs and TagsAccident Prevention Signs and Tags

• Signs and tags are used to define specific hazards that may lead to incidental injury to workers or the public, or to property damage.

• Wording of signs should be:– Easy to read and concise.– Contain sufficient information to be understood.– Make a positive suggestion.

Warning Signs and Tags

Sign Use Color Scheme Examples

Danger

A hazardous situation in which a high probability of death or severe injury exists. Recommended to be predominantly RED.

Red and blackOn white

Caution/Warning

A hazardous situation which may result in minor or moderate injury. Recommended to be predominantly YELLOW

Black on yellowBlack on orange

Safety

A hazard level between Danger and Caution

Green on white

Accident Prevention Signs and TagsAccident Prevention Signs and Tags

Accident Prevention Signs and TagsAccident Prevention Signs and Tags

• Tags:– Tags are not required to be used where signs,

guarding or other positive means of protection are being used.

– Tags convey the same types of messages as a sign but are typically made of paper or plastic and are attached as close as safely possible to a specific hazard.

Accident Prevention Signs and TagsAccident Prevention Signs and Tags

• Tags must be used until the identified hazard is eliminated or the hazardous operation is complete.

• Tags carry the same types of warnings, color coding and positive messages as a sign.

Working at HeightsWorking at Heights

Working at HeightsWorking at Heights

• Falling from heights is a common cause of injury and death.

• OSHA has standards to protect employees while working at heights– General industry: 4 feet – Construction: 6 feet

• As with all activities never exceed your level of training.

Working at HeightsWorking at Heights

• Conventional Systems:– Guardrail Systems– Safety Net Systems– Personal Fall Protection

• Fall arrest systems• Positioning systems• Travel restraint systems

Working at HeightsWorking at Heights

Fall protection systems must be in place when working above OSHA required heights.

100 % Tie-off is required when wearing a Personal Fall Arrest

System (PFAS)

Working at Heights - Working at Heights - Anchor PointAnchor Point

• Anchorage for fall arrest system

– 80% of all errors

– Directly above and behind worker

– Withstand 5000lbs per worker attached

– Inadequate tie-off points

• Hand railings

• Process piping

• Cable trays

Working at Heights - Full-Body HarnessWorking at Heights - Full-Body Harness

• Minimize injury• Maintains body in vertical position• Distributes force of fall

Working at Heights - Working at Heights - Full-Body HarnessFull-Body Harness

• To be effective– Wear properly– Inspect as per company requirements, at a

minimum manufacturers requirements– Visually inspect prior to use

• Destroy if subject to fall• Follow manufacturers instructions

Working at Heights - Working at Heights - InspectionInspection

• Fall protection should be inspected before each use. Look for:– Wear and damage– Buckles working properly– Grommets are not stretched or broken– Signs of a previous fall

Working at Heights - Working at Heights - LanyardLanyard

• Connect anchor to harness• Length varies• Limit free fall distance

– 6 feet or less

• Use in fall protection system• Improvised lanyards not acceptable• Double locking design• Attach to back of full body harness

Working at HeightsWorking at Heights

• Self Retracting Lanyard (SRL)– Alternate connecting devices to shock

absorbing lanyards.– Make certain the lanyard is the proper

length to allow the necessary worker movement and positioning.

– Make certain that the right material type is chosen. Cable works best in high heat environments or around sharp edges. Webbing works best in most other applications.

Working at HeightsWorking at Heights

• Do not expose fall protection equipment to corrosive materials or vapors, hazardous chemicals, or high temperatures.

• The harness shall not be altered or misused to insure maximum protection during use.

• When donning your fall protection, you must follow the manufacturers procedure for fitting the harness.

Working at HeightsWorking at Heights

• Care– Always follow manufacturer recommendations for

proper care and cleaning of your fall protection.– Fall protection should be cleaned with water and

mild soap detergent solution and hung to air dry.– Store fall protection in a cool, dry, clean area out

of direct sunlight.

Working at HeightsWorking at Heights

• Properly fitting fall protection will be snug to the body and have room enough to place two fingers between the leg and the leg straps.

• Too much room can cause you to be turned upside down in a fall which reduces your rescue time and can cause injury.

Working at HeightsWorking at Heights

• All movement of the rig’s blocks should cease until personnel are in the workstations and secured to proper fall protection.

• At no time shall an employee be unprotected from a fall while in the derrick or working above the required height except in an emergency evacuation.

Working at HeightsWorking at Heights

• Lifting of personnel with Air hoist or hydraulic winch– Must be approved for Lifting personnel– Operator must not

• Leave controls• Lift load on same line

– Inspect fall arrest components before use

Working at HeightsWorking at Heights

Powered platforms (Scissor Lifts)– Used during building maintenance– Moves in one direction only

•Vehicle mounted platforms – Vehicle-mounted device– Telescoping– Articulating

•Positions personnel

Working at HeightsWorking at Heights

Protection from falling objects use– Toeboards– Barricades– Canopies– Hard Hats– Lines

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